Abstract: A method is described for the characterization of atmospheric particles by means of a lidar device. The method provides to send a laser pulse in the atmosphere, a part of which is directly backscattered by the particles in the atmosphere. A reflecting optical device is provided, that is positioned at a predetermined distance d from the lidar device, whereby a part of the laser pulse that directly reaches the reflecting device is backreflected and is later backscattered by the particles in the atmosphere thus generating a counterpropagating backscattering signal directed towards the reflecting device, which signal reaches the reflecting device and is backreflected towards the lidar device. The lidar device detects the direct backscattering and counterpropagating signals. The optical characteristics of the particles are determined on the basis of the direct backscattering signal and the counterpropagating backscattering signal.

Abstract: The invention provides novel a hybrid slip casting-Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) process which can be used to produce arbitrary shape geometries with controlled materials properties. The invention provides processes for the fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials (FGM) by a controlled Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD).

Abstract: In one embodiment, a surface-mount device comprises a casing having opposed, first and second main surfaces, side surfaces, and end surfaces. A lead frame partially encased by the casing comprises (1) an electrically conductive LED chip carrier part having a surface carrying a linear array of LEDs adapted to be energized to produce in combination a substantially full range of colors, each LED having a first electrical terminal and a second electrical terminal, the first terminal of each of the LEDs being electrically and thermally coupled to the chip carrying surface of the chip carrier part; and (2) electrically conductive connection parts separate from the chip carrier part, each of the connection parts having a connection pad, the second terminal of each of the LEDs being electrically coupled to the connection pad of a corresponding one of the connection parts with a single wire bond. The linear array of LEDs extends in a first direction, and each of the chip carrier part and connection parts has a lead.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a surface-mount device comprises a casing having opposed, first and second main surfaces, side surfaces, and end surfaces. A lead frame partially encased by the casing comprises (1) an electrically conductive LED chip carrier part having a surface carrying a linear array of three LEDs adapted to be energized to produce in combination a substantially full range of colors, each LED having a first electrical terminal and a second electrical terminal, the first terminal of each of the three LEDs being electrically and thermally coupled to the chip carrying surface of the chip carrier part; and (2) three electrically conductive connection parts separate from the chip carrier part, each of the three connection parts having a connection pad, the second terminal of each of the three LEDs being electrically coupled to the connection pad of a corresponding one of the three connection parts with a single wire bond.

Abstract: The present invention provides various embodiments for apparatuses, systems, and methods of manufacturing surface mountable devices. Some embodiments provide surface mount devices comprising a casing with a first and second surface and at least one lateral side surface. A recess is formed in the first surface and extends into the casing. A plurality of leads is partially encased by the casing, and one or more electronic devices are coupled with at least one of the plurality of leads and are at least partially exposed through the recess. A heat sink may be included for heat dissipation.

Abstract: A method for shunting short messages in a networking includes: receiving, by an FCC (Flow Control Center), short messages forwarded from a first device, when a second device can not receive the short messages from the first device; determining a flow path of the short messages; and forwarding the short messages via the flow path. Meanwhile, according to another embodiment of the present invention, there is disclosed a system for shunting short messages. According to the solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the shunting of short messages within the networking can be achieved, and further the shunting can be performed according to the operating information of each device in the networking.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the problem of data traffic allocation in a home agent (HA) of a mobile network. The present invention provides a method and apparatus of allocating data traffic by using a router and a route protocol, in which load allocation is implemented by using a user router. Specifically, each ingress processor in the HA is configured as a router, and notifies the user router of its own route list via the route protocol, and then the ingress processors process the allocated load correspondingly. Additionally, when the number of ports of the above user router does not meet the demand, redundant load can be allocated to corresponding other multiple ingress processors by adding a new user router.

Abstract: A computer-controlled apparatus and method for producing metallic parts by laser melting selected regions of a layer(s) of metal powder at a target area are disclosed. The system includes devices for preheating and maintaining a relatively high temperature, e.g. 400° C., of the metal powder so as to join the metal powder together with relatively low laser power, e.g. a 200W CO2 laser. A major powder depositing mechanism with a scraper and a depositing system for a secondary powder are included in the apparatus that allows the powders to be delivered to the target area for selective melting. The metal powder is preheated at either a dispensing cylinder or the target area through thermal conduction and/or is also heated by a heating plate positioned above the platform through radiation. The corresponding machine structures, such as a motion system and a working chamber, are designed to be able to withstand and operated under the high temperature environment.

Abstract: A computer-controlled apparatus and method for producing metallic parts by laser melting selected regions of a layer(s) of metal powder at a target area are disclosed. The system includes devices for preheating and maintaining a relatively high temperature, e.g. 400° C., of the metal powder so as to join the metal powder together with relatively low laser power, e.g. a 200W CO2 laser. A major powder depositing mechanism with a scraper and a depositing system for a secondary powder are included in the apparatus that allows the powders to be delivered to the target area for selective melting. The metal powder is preheated at either a dispensing cylinder or the target area through thermal conduction and/or is also heated by a heating plate positioned above the platform through radiation. The corresponding machine structures, such as a motion system and a working chamber, are designed to be able to withstand and operated under the high temperature environment.

Abstract: An amorphous alloy catalyst for hydrogenation and its preparation method are disclosed herein. The catalyst essentially consists of nickel ranging between 60 and 98 wt %, iron ranging between 0 and 20 wt %, one doping metal element selected from the group consisting of chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese and tungsten ranging between 0 and 20 wt %, and aluminum ranging between 0.5 and 30 wt % based on the weight of said catalyst, wherein the weight percentages of iron and the doping metal element component may not be zero at the same time; and just one broad diffusion peak appears at about 2 &thgr;=45±1° on the XRD patterns of the catalyst within 2 &thgr; range from 20 to 80°. The catalyst herein can be used in processes for hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds such as olefin, alkyne, aromatics, nitro, carbonyl groups, nitrile and soon, and for hydrorefining of caprolactam in particular.

Abstract: A blast disease-resistance gene (Pi-b), a functionally equivalent gene thereof and proteins encoded by the genes are provided. The gene is useful for creating a plant resistant to the blast disease and can confer a resistance to a broad range of the rice blast fungi on plants. Therefore, it is useful for controlling the disease and increasing crop yields.

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): ##STR1## in which A represents ##STR2## X represents N--R.sub.4 or oxygen, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, n and m are as defined in the description,useful in improving glucose tolerance in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Abstract: A compound selected from those of formula (I): ##STR1## in which A represents ##STR2## X represents N-R.sub.4 or oxygen, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, n and m are as defined in the description, useful in improving glucose tolerance in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes.