Abstract: A network management system program and graphical user interface for large-scale optical networks is described. The network management system includes a connection management system that allows a user to manually configure connections among network elements within the network. The user defines general connection attributes within the network and adds network elements to the route or routes. The user provisions crossconnects within each network element to establish the route connections. The connection management system includes a validation function to verify the validity of the user defined connections. A graphical user interface comprises a portion of a network management system that controls a network comprising a plurality of coupled computers.

Abstract: According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid forage spinach plant designated Modern Slam, which has the advantages of being drought-resistant, cold-resistant, flood-resistant, the ability to be grown in alkaline soils, and results in a high quality, high yield plant.