Abstract: In one embodiment, there is provided a dynamic multi-source image reconstruction apparatus. The apparatus includes a first reconstruction stage, a second reconstruction stage, and a refinement stage. The first reconstruction stage is configured to receive an input data set including a group of data frames. Each data frame corresponds to a respective time step. Each data frame includes a number of projection data sets. Each projection data set corresponds to a respective source-detector pair of a stationary multi-source tomography system. The first reconstruction stage is further configured to reconstruct a first intermediate image based, at least in part, on the group of data frames. The second reconstruction stage is configured to receive a selected data frame and to reconstruct a second intermediate image with a constraint of the first intermediate image as prior. The refinement stage is configured to refine the second intermediate image to produce a three-dimensional output image.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The communication method includes: receiving a first request message from a terminal apparatus, where the first request message is for requesting to provide a first data service; setting up a data bearer with the terminal apparatus; and sending a data service result corresponding to the first data service to the terminal apparatus through the data bearer. In this way, because an access network apparatus sets up the data bearer after determining that the terminal apparatus needs a data service, duration for maintaining the data bearer is reduced, and resource overheads are reduced.

Abstract: This application pertains to the field of communication technologies, and provides a security key determining method and apparatus, to resolve a problem that a future communication requirement cannot be met only by ensuring communication security between a terminal and an AMF. In the method, a terminal may directly communicate with a first network function in a network, and after the first network function receives a first request initiated by the terminal, a security connection may be established between the first network function and the terminal by determining a security key. In other words, a message between the first network function and the terminal may be protected by using the security key.

Abstract: A non-access stratum (NAS) message processing method and apparatus. The method includes: a terminal device generates a plurality of NAS keys, where at least two of the plurality of NAS keys are respectively associated with different NFs, and the plurality of NAS keys include a first NAS key for a first NF. The first NF generates a first NAS key, where the first NF is a non-anchor function. The terminal device processes a NAS message between the terminal device and the first NF based on the first NAS key generated by the terminal device. The first NF processes a NAS message between the first NF and the terminal device based on the first NAS key generated by the first NF.

Abstract: Disclosed are a data collection and processing method and an apparatus, which relate to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: obtaining a match table and an action set that are associated with a first communication apparatus; and sending, to the first communication apparatus, the match table and the action set that are associated with the first communication apparatus, where the first communication apparatus is an initial data agent apparatus in a data transmission process, the match table indicates collection and/or filtering processing on data obtained from a data source, the match table includes identification information of the first communication apparatus and a service identifier, and the action set indicates one or more actions associated with the service identifier.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and belongs to the field of communication technologies. In the method, a first access network apparatus receives a candidate service cluster list, and sends first information to a first terminal based on the candidate service cluster list. The candidate service cluster list indicates one or more candidate service clusters, each of the one or more candidate service clusters includes one or more access network apparatuses, and each candidate service cluster includes the first access network apparatus. The first information indicates that a first service cluster serves the first terminal, and the first service cluster is a service cluster in the one or more candidate service clusters.

Abstract: A transmission method, apparatus, and system for a data service are provided. The method includes: A first apparatus generates a transmission path message, where the transmission path message includes cascaded at least one first message, the first message indicates a node on a transmission path, and the node is configured to implement a related function of the data service. The first apparatus sends the transmission path message to a first node, where the first node is a node indicated by a 1st first message in the cascaded at least one first message. In the technical solutions provided in this application, the data service can be implemented based on a node on a communication path.

Abstract: Provided are an imaging method and apparatus for a self-luminous object on a biological sample film; The imaging apparatus and imaging method can effectively and more accurately obtain a higher-definition target image of the self-luminous object; the operation process is simple and the time required for imaging is short; furthermore, the imaging apparatus has the advantages of a small structure, low cost of manufacture, convenient operation, and portability.

Abstract: This application provides a radio access network architecture. The radio access network architecture includes a cluster node and a serving node. The serving node provides task scheduling and executing functions, and the cluster node provides a region-level centralized collaboration function for the serving node and a collaboration function between cross-region cluster nodes.

Abstract: A man-in-the-middle detection method and apparatus. The method includes: A base station receives, in a first physical frame, a RRC message from user equipment UE; the base station receives from the UE a second RRC message including frame information of a second physical frame, and security protection is performed on the first RRC message and the second RRC message by using an access stratum AS security context established by the UE and the base station; and the base station determines whether the first physical frame matches the second physical frame. Thereby, whether a man-in-the-middle exists in air interface communication is determined by determining whether a physical frame in which the UE sends an uplink message matches a physical frame in which the base station receives the uplink message, to prevent the man-in-the-middle from bypassing detection through a mechanism of the man-in-the-middle and improve a man-in-the-middle detection rate.

Abstract: This application provides a network function implementation method and an apparatus, to implement a network function when a distributed network architecture meets a trustworthiness requirement. The method includes: Receiving first information from a first network function (NF) network element and second information from a second NF network element, obtaining a first model and first data based on the second information, and determining a response to a service requirement based on the first model and the first data. The second information indicates a storage status of data needed for fulfilling the service requirement within a third NF network element, the second NF network element is configured to record the storage status of the data by using a distributed ledger technology, the third NF network element is configured to store the data by using a distributed hash table technology, and model data within the data is used to determine the first model.

Abstract: This application discloses a communication method and apparatus, to ensure transmission continuity of a data service corresponding to a data service task. In the method, a data control apparatus receives first information from a target network apparatus or a source network apparatus, where the first information is used to request to determine routing information of a data service task between a plurality of data processing apparatuses; and sends second information to the target network apparatus, where the second information is used to determine a next-hop data processing apparatus of the data service task after a first data processing apparatus.

Abstract: An identity management method, wherein the method includes: A trusted authority (TA) device determines a pseudonymous identity (PID) of a terminal device i, and sends a first parameter to the terminal device i, where the first parameter indicates the PID of the terminal device i, and the PID of the terminal device i is determined based on a real identity (RID) of the terminal device i. Based on this, the TA device may determine the PID for the terminal device, to protect the RID of the terminal device. In addition, the PID of the terminal device is associated with the RID of the terminal device, so that the TA device can determine the RID of the terminal device based on the PID of the terminal device, and can determine the real identity of the terminal device when the terminal device performs a malicious operation or an unauthorized operation.

Abstract: In accordance with an embodiment a method includes receiving first data belonging to data plane data; processing the first data through a data processing layer to obtain second data; sending the second data to a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer through the data processing layer; and sending third data, where the third data is obtained by processing the second data through at least the PDCP layer.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data packet transmission method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. The method includes: A first apparatus determines data packet transmission path information based on data service information, where the transmission path information includes information about a second apparatus. The first apparatus may determine the second apparatus based on the transmission path information, and send a data packet processed by the first apparatus to the second apparatus. Alternatively, the first apparatus determines the second apparatus based on transmission path information in an obtained data packet, and sends a data packet processed by the first apparatus to the second apparatus.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data packet transmission method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. The method includes : A first apparatus determines transmission path information based on data service information and a correspondence between the data service information and the transmission path information, where the transmission path information includes information about a second apparatus; and sends, to the second apparatus, a data packet or service data processed by the first apparatus. According to the solutions provided in this application, data processing can be implemented in a data packet transmission process, and data use efficiency can be improved.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data packet transmission method, a communication apparatus, and a communication system. A first apparatus determines data packet transmission path information based on data service information, and may determine a second apparatus based on the transmission path information and identification information of the first apparatus and send a data packet to the second apparatus.

Abstract: An example method includes: A data orchestration network element receives a first service request message, determines, based on requirement information on a first data and data service capability information having one-to-one correspondence with one or more data agent network elements, at least one data agent network element from the one or more data agent network elements and operation configuration information corresponding to each of the at least one data agent network element, and sends the operation configuration information. The requirement information is determined based on a service requested by the first service request message, the requirement information corresponds to at least one of the one or more pieces of data service capability information, and the operation configuration information of any one of the at least one data agent network element indicates an operation performed by the any one data agent network element on the first data.

Abstract: An example method includes: A domain data orchestration network element receives first requirement information, determines, based on the first requirement information on first data and one or more pieces of domain data service capability information that are in one-to-one correspondence with one or more domain data agent network elements, at least one domain data agent network element of the one or more domain data agent network elements and operation configuration information corresponding to each of the at least one domain data agent network element, and sends the operation configuration information. Wherein, the first requirement information corresponds to at least one of the one or more pieces of domain data service capability information, and the operation configuration information of any one of the at least one domain data agent network element indicates an operation performed by the any one domain data agent network element on the first data.

Abstract: An example method includes: A first data agent network element obtains first data, receives first indication information and second indication information, where the first indication information includes an indication of an operation performed by the first data agent network element on the first data, the second indication information indicates information about a first network element interacting with the first data agent network element, and the information about the first network element includes address information of the first network element or an identifier of the first network element, or is used to determine the address information that is of the first network element and that is reported by the first data agent network element. The first data agent network element performs the operation on the first data, to obtain first information and sends the first information based on the information about the first network element.