Abstract: A battery pack for optimizing the structure of the battery pack includes a case, a battery module and a blocking member. The case includes an accommodating cavity and a drain hole in communication with the accommodating cavity. The battery module is contained inside the accommodating cavity. The blocking member is mounted to the case, and located between the drain hole and the battery module to block a binder for fixing the battery module from entering the drain hole. In the above-described technical solution, the blocking member can produce the effect of reducing or even avoiding binder for fixing the battery module from clogging in the drain hole.

Abstract: A PN junction, a method for preparing a PN junction, and a modulator are disclosed. The PN junction includes a slab waveguide layer and a plurality of waveguides. The slab waveguide layer includes P-type doped regions and N-type doped regions, and a carrier-depletion region in a shape of S is formed at a boundary between the two types of regions. Each of the plurality of waveguides arranged at intervals includes a P-type doped region and an N-type doped region, and one carrier-depletion region is formed at a boundary between the two regions. Projections of the P-type doped regions, the N-type doped regions, and the carrier-depletion regions of the plurality of waveguides arranged at intervals on a surface of a slab waveguide region basically coincide with projections of corresponding regions of the slab waveguide layer on the surface of the slab waveguide region.

Abstract: An optical source switching apparatus including first optical sources, an optical cross-connect device, second optical sources, and a first coupler. The optical cross-connect device is connected to the first optical sources and the first coupler, and the first coupler is connected to the second optical source; both the first optical source and the second optical source are configured to output continuous optical energy, and the optical cross-connect device is configured to enable optical energy output by at least one of the first optical sources to enter the first coupler when at least one of the second optical sources fails; and the first coupler is configured to implement beam splitting of the optical energy output by the first optical source or the second optical source.

Abstract: An optical modulation and amplification apparatus, an optical module, an optical network unit, and an optical communication system are provided. The optical modulation and amplification apparatus includes an electric absorption modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The electric absorption modulator and the semiconductor optical amplifier share a same substrate and a same multi-layer material structure. The multi-layer material structure includes, from bottom to top, at least a first quantum well, an electron blocking layer, a second quantum well, and an upper separate confinement layer. The electric absorption modulator is configured to modulate injection light by using the first quantum well, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is configured to amplify the injection light by using the second quantum well.

Abstract: An optical source switching apparatus including first optical sources, an optical cross-connect device, second optical sources, and a first coupler. The optical cross-connect device is connected to the first optical sources and the first coupler, and the first coupler is connected to the second optical source; both the first optical source and the second optical source are configured to output continuous optical energy, and the optical cross-connect device is configured to enable optical energy output by at least one of the first optical sources to enter the first coupler when at least one of the second optical sources fails; and the first coupler is configured to implement beam splitting of the optical energy output by the first optical source or the second optical source.

Abstract: Example optical signal processing apparatuses and methods are provided. One example apparatus includes: N light sources, a wavelength multiplexer, an optical processor, a dither application circuit, a first detection circuit, a second detection circuit, and a feedback control circuit. The light source generates a single-wavelength signal. The dither application circuit applies a dither signal to the light source. The wavelength multiplexer generates a multi-wavelength signal based on the single-wavelength signal. The first detection circuit is configured to obtain a first power signal of a signal input to the optical processor. The second detection circuit is configured to obtain a second power signal of a signal output from the optical processor. The feedback control circuit adjusts a working parameter of the optical processor based on the dither signal corresponding to the single-wavelength signal, the first power signal, and the second power signal.

Abstract: A cluster light source and a method for generating a cluster light source is disclosed. A multi-wavelength cluster light source includes a light source outputting a plurality of single-wavelength continuous-wave light having different wavelengths in parallel, an optical multiplexer combining combine the plurality of single-wavelength continuous-wave light into one multi-wavelength continuous-wave light, an optical splitter, and an optical amplifier array. The optical splitter is configured to perform power beam splitting on the multi-wavelength continuous-wave light, to output a plurality of multi-wavelength continuous-wave light. The optical amplifier array amplifies the plurality of multi-wavelength continuous-wave light, to output a plurality of other multi-wavelength continuous-wave light. Optionally, the cluster light source further includes a backup light source and an optical switch array.

Abstract: Example polarization processing optical devices, methods, and systems are disclosed. A polarization processing optical device includes a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a polarization rotator (PR), a coupler, and a phase tuner (PT), where one port of the PBS is configured to input a continuous light source, and the other two ports of the PBS are respectively connected to the PR and one port of the coupler, the PR is connected to another port of the coupler, the PT is disposed on a connection between the PBS and the coupler or a connection between the PR and the coupler, at least one port of the coupler is configured to output single-polarization light, and the PT is configured to control output optical power of the coupler.

Abstract: A stylus pen includes a pen barrel extending along a longitudinal axis, and the pen barrel includes a main body, a pen nib part disposed at one end of the main body, and a pen end part disposed at another end of the main body and that corresponds to the pen nib part; and an antenna disposed on the main body of the pen barrel, where at least one part of the antenna is located outside the pen barrel and is close to the pen nib part and/or the pen end part, and the antenna comprises a loop antenna or a planar inverted-F antenna close to the pen end part.

Abstract: An optical modulator includes a waveguide layer, an electro-optical material layer, and electrodes. The waveguide layer includes a sub-wavelength waveguide; the electro-optical material layer is disposed on a surface of the sub-wavelength waveguide, and the sub-wavelength waveguide is configured to diffuse a light field at the waveguide layer into the electro-optical material layer; the electrodes are disposed on a surface of the electro-optical material layer, and a connection line between the electrodes is parallel to a plane on which the electro-optical material layer is located, or the electrodes are disposed on two sides of the electro-optical material layer, and a connection line between the electrodes intersects with a plane on which the electro-optical material layer is located; and the electrodes are configured to apply an electrical signal to the electro-optical material layer.

Abstract: A wavelength calibration method for a microring filter includes selecting N wavelengths from M wavelengths, and performing operations on the microring filter for each of the N wavelengths, thereby obtaining N sets of calibrated voltages, and obtaining, based on N sets of calibrated voltages, M?N sets of calibrated voltages corresponding to M?N wavelengths of the M wavelengths. The operating include adjusting thermal tuning power of the plurality of microrings in response to one set of voltages, and obtaining a plurality of sets of voltages that enable monitored optical power to have an extreme value, and using the plurality of sets of voltages as a reference, adjusting the thermal tuning power of the plurality of microrings in response to another set of voltages, and determining one of the N sets of calibrated voltages from the plurality of sets of voltages.

Abstract: An optical source switching apparatus including first optical sources, an optical cross-connect device, second optical sources, and a first coupler. The optical cross-connect device is connected to the first optical sources and the first coupler, and the first coupler is connected to the second optical source; both the first optical source and the second optical source are configured to output continuous optical energy, and the optical cross-connect device is configured to enable optical energy output by at least one of the first optical sources to enter the first coupler when at least one of the second optical sources fails; and the first coupler is configured to implement beam splitting of the optical energy output by the first optical source or the second optical source.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an engagement level of a user interacting with an electronic program, comprising receiving or determining a decision node tree, each node in the decision node tree corresponding to a user decision point in the electronic program, determining a number of levels in the decision node tree, determining a user traversed count comprising a number of levels the user has traversed in the decision node tree, and determining the engagement level of the user with the electronic program based upon the user traversed count and the number of levels in the decision node tree.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an engagement level of a user interacting with an electronic program, comprising receiving or determining a decision node tree, each node in the decision node tree corresponding to a user decision point in the electronic program, determining a number of levels in the decision node tree, determining a user traversed count comprising a number of levels the user has traversed in the decision node tree, and determining the engagement level of the user with the electronic program based upon the user traversed count and the number of levels in the decision node tree.

Abstract: Example polarization processing optical devices, methods, and systems are disclosed. A polarization processing optical device includes a polarization beam splitter (PBS), a polarization rotator (PR), a coupler, and a phase tuner (PT), where one port of the PBS is configured to input a continuous light source, and the other two ports of the PBS are respectively connected to the PR and one port of the coupler, the PR is connected to another port of the coupler, the PT is disposed on a connection between the PBS and the coupler or a connection between the PR and the coupler, at least one port of the coupler is configured to output single-polarization light, and the PT is configured to control output optical power of the coupler.

Abstract: An ADD/DROP filter and an optical add/drop multiplexer are disclosed. An ADD/DROP filter includes an input port, an output port, an add port connecting to a modulator, and a drop port. The modulator is configured to load a pilot signal to a first optical signal to obtain a second optical signal, and transmit the second optical signal to the add port. A third optical signal is input to the input port. A wavelength difference between the second optical signal and the third optical signal is an integral multiple of a free spectral range. A power detector is connected to the output port and/or the drop port. The power detector is configured to obtain an output optical signal from the output port or the drop port and detect an optical power of the output optical signal.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer includes N input ports, N output ports, M add ports and M drop ports. Each of the N input ports and each of the M add ports is respectively connected to one first polarizer. Each of the N output ports and each of the M drop ports is respectively connected to one second polarizer. A first end of the first polarizer is connected to a second end of the first polarizer, forming a loop including the first polarizer. A first end of the second polarizer is connected to a second end of the second polarizer, forming a loop including the second polarizer. An annular waveguide array is between a loop LIi and a loop LOj. A first polarizer included in the loop LIi is connected to an ith input port. A second polarizer included in the loop LOj is connected to a jth output port.

Abstract: A wavelength calibration method, apparatus, and system is disclosed. The method includes: selecting sonic wavelengths from a plurality of wavelengths, and performing the following operations on a microring filter for each of the some wavelengths, to obtain sets of calibrated voltages of the some wavelengths: (1) adjusting thermal tuning power of multiple microrings by using one set of voltages, and obtaining multiple sets of voltages that enable monitored optical power to have an extreme value, and (2) using the multiple of sets of voltages as a reference, adjusting the thermal tuning power of the multiple microrings by using another set of voltages, and determining one of the sets of calibrated voltages, which enables the monitored optical power to converge, from the multiple sets of voltages; and then, obtaining, through calculation based on the sets of calibrated voltages of the some wavelengths, sets of calibrated voltages of other wavelengths.

Abstract: According to the invention a system and method for catalyst removal from MTO effluent is provided. The method includes removing catalyst from methanol to olefin effluent including contacting the methanol to olefin effluent with a wash oil separate the catalyst fines from the effluent into the wash oil and cool the effluent, separating the catalyst fines from the cooled effluent in a separator or a column to obtain an essentially catalyst free effluent, directing the catalyst free effluent out from the separator or the column, slurrying the separated catalyst fines to obtain a slurry and directing the slurry to one or more filters to filter out the catalyst.

Abstract: An ADD/DROP filter and an optical add/drop multiplexer are disclosed. An ADD/DROP filter includes an input port, an output port, an add port connecting to a modulator, and a drop port. The modulator is configured to load a pilot signal to a first optical signal to obtain a second optical signal, and transmit the second optical signal to the add port. A third optical signal is input to the input port. A wavelength difference between the second optical signal and the third optical signal is an integral multiple of a free spectral range. A power detector is connected to the output port and/or the drop port. The power detector is configured to obtain an output optical signal from the output port or the drop port and detect an optical power of the output optical signal.