Abstract: An ADD/DROP filter and an optical add/drop multiplexer are disclosed. An ADD/DROP filter includes an input port, an output port, an add port connecting to a modulator, and a drop port. The modulator is configured to load a pilot signal to a first optical signal to obtain a second optical signal, and transmit the second optical signal to the add port. A third optical signal is input to the input port. A wavelength difference between the second optical signal and the third optical signal is an integral multiple of a free spectral range. A power detector is connected to the output port and/or the drop port. The power detector is configured to obtain an output optical signal from the output port or the drop port and detect an optical power of the output optical signal.

Abstract: Examples of a polarization independent optical device are described. One example polarization independent optical device includes an input/output preprocessing optical path and M add/drop optical paths. Any add/drop optical path can be configured to drop a first QTE and a first PTE that meet a resonance condition of a microring included in the add/drop optical path such that each add/drop optical path can be configured to drop a desired optical signal. Any add/drop optical path can also be configured to transmit an input optical signal to the input/output preprocessing optical path. Therefore, when any of the M add/drop optical paths is configured to drop a desired optical signal, another add/drop optical path can be configured to add a desired optical signal.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes an input waveguide, a beam splitter connected to the input waveguide, a modulation arm that is disposed on each branch of the beam splitter and modulates a signal. Each modulation arm is correspondingly disposed with a first layer electrode and a second layer electrode. The first layer electrode is a high-frequency traveling wave electrode and is configured to change carrier concentration in the modulation arm, the second layer electrode is a direct current electrode having an inductor function, and an inductor formed in the second layer electrode is connected to the first layer electrode. The electro-optic modulator has functions of a bias tee, so that integration of the electro-optic modulator can be improved without affecting its performance. High-density packaging layout difficulty and cabling pressure can be effectively reduced, and cabling and packaging of a multi-channel high-speed signal on a base board can be implemented.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an engagement level of a user interacting with an electronic program, comprising receiving or determining a decision node tree, each node in the decision node tree corresponding to a user decision point in the electronic program, determining a number of levels in the decision node tree, determining a user traversed count comprising a number of levels the user has traversed in the decision node tree, and determining the engagement level of the user with the electronic program based upon the user traversed count and the number of levels in the decision node tree.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of controlling pH of wastewater being treated by electro-oxidation in an electrochemical cell containing boron doped diamond electrodes. The method comprises allowing and adjusting pH of electrolytes to vary within a defined pH range about a target pH setpoint at a required rate, wherein the pH setpoint, the defined pH range and rate of pH variation is optimized to maximize rate of pollutant destruction in the wastewater.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an engagement level of a user interacting with an electronic program, comprising receiving or determining a decision node tree, each node in the decision node tree corresponding to a user decision point in the electronic program, determining a number of levels in the decision node tree, determining a user traversed count comprising a number of levels the user has traversed in the decision node tree, and determining the engagement level of the user with the electronic program based upon the user traversed count and the number of levels in the decision node tree.

Abstract: A reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer includes N input ports, N output ports, M add ports and M drop ports. Each of the N input ports and each of the M add ports is respectively connected to one first polarizer. Each of the N output ports and each of the M drop ports is respectively connected to one second polarizer. A first end of the first polarizer is connected to a second end of the first polarizer, forming a loop including the first polarizer. A first end of the second polarizer is connected to a second end of the second polarizer, forming a loop including the second polarizer. An annular waveguide array is between a loop LIi and a loop LOj. A first polarizer included in the loop LIi is connected to an ith input port. A second polarizer included in the loop LOj is connected to a jth output port.

Abstract: Examples of a polarization independent optical device are described. One example polarization independent optical device includes an input/output preprocessing optical path and M add/drop optical paths. Any add/drop optical path can be configured to drop a first QTE and a first PTE that meet a resonance condition of a microring included in the add/drop optical path such that each add/drop optical path can be configured to drop a desired optical signal. Any add/drop optical path can also be configured to transmit an input optical signal to the input/output preprocessing optical path. Therefore, when any of the M add/drop optical paths is configured to drop a desired optical signal, another add/drop optical path can be configured to add a desired optical signal.

Abstract: An optical coupling apparatus and method are described. An embodiment of an optical coupling apparatus may include a first optical chip, a second optical chip, and an optical writing waveguide block. In the apparatus, the first optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a first coupling manner, and the second optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a second coupling manner. Furthermore, in the apparatus, the first optical chip is optically interconnected to the second optical chip by using the optical writing waveguide block. Compatibility between a plurality of coupling manners is therefore enabled by using the technical solutions described herein.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulator includes an input waveguide, a beam splitter connected to the input waveguide, a modulation arm that is disposed on each branch of the beam splitter and modulates a signal. Each modulation arm is correspondingly disposed with a first layer electrode and a second layer electrode. The first layer electrode is a high-frequency traveling wave electrode and is configured to change carrier concentration in the modulation arm, the second layer electrode is a direct current electrode having an inductor function, and an inductor formed in the second layer electrode is connected to the first layer electrode. The electro-optic modulator has functions of a bias tee, so that integration of the electro-optic modulator can be improved without affecting its performance. High-density packaging layout difficulty and cabling pressure can be effectively reduced, and cabling and packaging of a multi-channel high-speed signal on a base board can be implemented.

Abstract: A demethanizer employing C3, C4 and C4+ hydrocarbons as absorbents can be employed in a methanol to olefin process to reduce both operating and capital costs in comparison to a convention process which employs only cryogenic distillation to remove methane and other low boilers from a light olefin process stream. By reducing the use of propane, the size and operating costs of the C3 splitter can be reduced thereby providing an economic advantage over conventional applications.

Abstract: An optical coupling apparatus and method are described. An embodiment of an optical coupling apparatus may include a first optical chip, a second optical chip, and an optical writing waveguide block. In the apparatus, the first optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a first coupling manner, and the second optical chip is coupled to the optical writing waveguide block in a second coupling manner. Furthermore, in the apparatus, the first optical chip is optically interconnected to the second optical chip by using the optical writing waveguide block. Compatibility between a plurality of coupling manners is therefore enabled by using the technical solutions described herein.

Abstract: Provided is a wastewater treatment process using an electrochemical electrode device. The electrochemical electrode device comprises at least one electrochemical electrode (30) comprising an appropriate electrode plate. The process comprises the following steps: causing water containing an undesired solute to pass through at least one electrochemical electrode (30); applying a direct current to the electrochemical electrode (30) to destroy the undesired solute in the water so as to output water having a lower concentration of the undesired solute. The direct current is adjusted via a specific power control procedure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical signal modulation apparatus and system. The optical signal modulation apparatus includes: a laser, where each of at least one first output end and at least one second output end of the laser is connected to an electro-absorption modulator (EAM), the laser is configured to generate at least two optical signals, where at least one of the optical signals is sent to at least one EAM by using the at least one first output end, and at least one of the optical signals is sent to at least one EAM by using the at least one second output end, and each EAM is configured to modulate a received electrical signal onto the received optical signal for outputting. The apparatus has a simple structure and less complex production.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for determining an engagement level of a user interacting with an electronic program, comprising receiving or determining a decision node tree, each node in the decision node tree corresponding to a user decision point in the electronic program, determining a number of levels in the decision node tree, determining a user traversed count comprising a number of levels the user has traversed in the decision node tree, and determining the engagement level of the user with the electronic program based upon the user traversed count and the number of levels in the decision node tree.

Abstract: A demethanizer employing C3, C4 and C4+ hydrocarbons as absorbents can be employed in a methanol to olefin process to reduce both operating and capital costs in comparison to a convention process which employs only cryogenic distillation to remove methane and other low boilers from a light olefin process stream. By reducing the use of propane, the size and operating costs of the C3 splitter can be reduced thereby providing an economic advantage over conventional applications.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an optical signal modulation apparatus and system. The optical signal modulation apparatus includes: a laser, where each of at least one first output end and at least one second output end of the laser is connected to an electro-absorption modulator (EAM); the laser is configured to generate at least two optical signals, where at least one of the optical signals is sent to at least one EAM by using the at least one first output end, and at least one of the optical signals is sent to at least one EAM by using the at least one second output end; and each EAM is configured to modulate a received electrical signal onto the received optical signal for outputting. The apparatus has a simple structure, and less complex production.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process by an electrochemical apparatus, said apparatus having at least an electrochemical electrode (30), and said electrochemical electrode (30) having suitable electrode plates comprises the following steps: passing high concentration wastewater containing undesirable solutes through at least one electrochemical electrode (30) to which a DC electrical current is applied to destroy the undesirable solutes in the water intake, so as to output water having a lower concentration of the undesirable solutes; the DC current applied to the electrochemical electrode (30) comprises at least a constant potential difference stage exerted on both ends of the electrochemical electrode (30), and followed by a constant current stage through the electrochemical electrode (30).

Abstract: A safety device, a server and a server safety realizing method. The safety device includes: a communication module used to be butted with an external communication interface provided by the server and realize information interaction with the server through the interface; a firmware module used to be pre-configured with at least one safety control policy; and a processing module used to perform at least one of the safety control strategies so as to realize the information safety protection of the server in real time when the server detects the safety device. A high speed safety device integrating the safety control policy, for example, a security chip card, is utilized to protect the safety of the server, realize the safe plug and play function of the server, and realize to process an external server as an independence network and also completely isolate the external server from an internal gateway.

Abstract: A wastewater treatment process by an electrochemical apparatus, said apparatus having at least an electrochemical electrode (30), and said electrochemical electrode (30) having suitable electrode plates comprises the following steps: passing high concentration wastewater containing undesirable solutes through at least one electrochemical electrode (30) to which a DC electrical current is applied to destroy the undesirable solutes in the water intake, so as to output water having a lower concentration of the undesirable solutes; the DC current applied to the electrochemical electrode (30) comprises at least a constant potential difference stage exerted on both ends of the electrochemical electrode (30), and followed by a constant current stage through the electrochemical electrode (30).