Abstract: Provided is a fixing member for a heat fixing apparatus which can further improve utilization efficiency of heat for heat fixing of an unfixed toner. A fixing member having an endless belt shape includes a substrate and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer includes silicone rubber and a filler dispersed in the silicone rubber, and when a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a thickness direction is defined as ?nd, a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a circumferential direction is defined as ?td, and a thermal conductivity of the elastic layer in a width direction is defined as ?md, ?nd is 1.30 W/(m·K) or more, and ?nd, ?td, and ?md satisfy a relationship as shown below ?nd >?md >?td.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fixing member that has a substrate, and a single layer of an elastic layer on the substrate, the elastic layer having a thickness of 100 ?m or more, and containing a binder and a filler, wherein the elastic layer contains the filler in a content of 30% by volume or more to 60% by volume or less based on the total volume of the elastic layer, and wherein, when a surface of the elastic layer facing to the substrate is defined as a first surface, and a surface of the elastic layer opposed to the first surface is defined as a second surface, an average value of ratios of an element derived from the filler is 0.0 atomic % or more to 6.0 atomic % or less in a region having a thickness of 6 ?m, from the first surface toward the second surface.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member includes: a substrate; and an elastic layer on the substrate, wherein the elastic layer contains a rubber and fillers dispersed in the rubber, and wherein an average value of area ratios of large-particle diameter fillers is 20% or more and 40% or less, and the large-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fL of 0.00 or more and 0.15 or less, an average value of an area ratios of small-particle diameter fillers is 10% or more and 20% or less, the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array degree fS of 0.20 or more and 0.50 or less, and the small-particle diameter fillers have an average array angle ?S of 60° or more and 120° or less.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member having an outer surface including excellent toner releasability and excellent scratch resistance, wherein the fixing member has a base material, an elastic layer, and a release layer in this order, the release layer including a tetrafluoroethylene/perfluoroalkyl vinyl ether copolymer, and has a loss tangent at a frequency of 10 Hz and 180° C. of 5.0×10?2 or more and 3.0×101 or less.

Abstract: Provided is a fixing member in which hot offset of a toner is difficult to be generated. The fixing member has a substrate and a release layer as a surface layer, wherein the release layer includes PFPE and a second fluororesin, the second fluororesin being at least one selected from PFA and FEP, and in a 19F-NMR spectrum of the release layer measured at a temperature of 200° C., a relaxation time T1 of longitudinal relaxation of a peak derived from PFPE is 0.5 seconds or more and 3.5 seconds or less.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: a rotatable member configured to heat a toner image on a recording material, wherein the rotatable member includes a fluorine-containing resin material layer containing a fluorine-containing resin material at a surface thereof; a rubbing member configured to rub the rotatable member in a rubbing position; and particles, provided in the rubbing position, harder than the fluorine-containing resin material of the fluorine-containing resin material layer.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: a rotatable member configured to heat a toner image on a recording material, wherein the rotatable member includes a parting layer at a surface thereof; a heating portion configured to heat the rotatable member; a slidable member slidable on the parting layer, wherein the slidable member includes a surface layer having a surface roughness larger than a surface roughness of the parting layer; and a moving mechanism configured to move the slidable member relative to the rotatable member, which is in a rotating state, in a direction crossing with a rotational direction of the rotatable member so that a part of exfoliated matter of the parting layer and/or the surface layer is welded on the parting layer.

Abstract: An image heating apparatus includes: a rotatable member configured to form a nip for heating an image on a recording material, wherein the rotatable member including a fluorine-containing resin material layer at a surface thereof; a rubbing member configured to rub the surface of the rotatable member in a rubbing position; and a supplying mechanism configured to supply fluorine-containing resin material particles to the rubbing position.

Abstract: A fixing solution injecting portion is configured to inject a fixing solution containing a water-soluble polymer and water pulsewise out of micropores to produce sub-droplets of the fixing solution smaller than main droplets of the fixing solution in producing the main droplets. A sub-droplet supplying portion is configured to separate the main droplets and the sub-droplets of the fixing solution injected out of the fixing solution injecting portion and to supply the sub-droplets to a toner image on an image carrier.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording liquid composition which is used together with a colored ink to form images and is capable of causing reaction upon contact with the colored ink; the composition being characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands and (c) a liquid medium; or an ink-jet recording ink characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands, (c) a liquid medium and (d) a coloring material.

Abstract: An ink used in an ink jet recording method in which ink droplets are ejected from a recording head by the action of thermal energy to record an image on a recording medium; the ink being characterized by containing (a) a pigment, (b) a dispersing agent, (c) a liquid medium, (d) a polyglycerol and (e) at least one selected from a potassium salt of a carboxylic acid, a rubidium salt of a carboxylic acid and a cesium salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: An ink used in an ink-jet recording process in which ink droplets are ejected from a recording head by the action of thermal energy to record images on a recording medium; the ink containing at least (a) a pigment, (b) a dispersing agent, (c) a liquid medium and (d) an alkali metal salt of a malonic acid derivative, represented by the following Formula (1): wherein R represents an alkyl group, and M represents an alkali metal.

Abstract: An ink used in an ink-jet recording process in which ink droplets are ejected from a recording head by the action of thermal energy to record images on a recording medium; the ink containing at least (a) a pigment, (b) a dispersing agent, (c) a liquid medium and (d) an alkali metal salt of a malonic acid derivative, represented by the following Formula (1): wherein R represents an alkyl group, and M represents an alkali metal.

Abstract: An ink used in an ink jet recording method in which ink droplets are ejected from a recording head by the action of thermal energy to record an image on a recording medium; the ink being characterized by containing (a) a pigment, (b) a dispersing agent, (c) a liquid medium, (d) a polyglycerol and (e) at least one selected from a potassium salt of a carboxylic acid, a rubidium salt of a carboxylic acid and a cesium salt of a carboxylic acid.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording liquid composition which is used together with a colored ink to form images and is capable of causing reaction upon contact with the colored ink; the composition being characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands and (c) a liquid medium; or an ink-jet recording ink characterized by containing at least (a) a polyvalent metal salt, (b) a substance selected from cryptands, (c) a liquid medium and (d) a coloring material.