Abstract: A heat generating method includes: heating, with a heater, a heat generating element and causing a first heat generating reaction in which the heat generating element generates heat with a first heat generation amount and triggering a second heat generating reaction in which the heat generating element generates heat with a second heat generation amount larger than the first heat generation amount, by imparting a perturbation to an input power to be applied to the heater in a state where the first heat generating reaction is occurring. The heat generating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on a surface of the base, with a stacked configuration of a first layer and a second layer made of different materials and both having a thickness of less than 1,000 nm.

Abstract: A heat generating system includes a heat-generating element cell and a circulation device. The heat-generating element cell includes a container having a recovery port and a discharge port, and a reactant that is provided in the container, is made from a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, has metal nanoparticles on a surface of the reactant. The heat-generating element cell generates excess heat when hydrogen-based gas contributing to heat generation is supplied into the container and hydrogen atoms are occluded in the metal nanoparticles. The circulation device circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the heat-generating element cell. The circulation device includes a circulating passage that is provided outside the container and connects the recovery port to the discharge port, a pump circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the container via the circulating passage, and a filter on the circulating passage adsorbs and removes the impurities in the hydrogen-based gas.

Abstract: A heat generating device includes a container, a heat generating element disposed inside the container, a heater for heating the heat generating element, a conductive wire part connecting a wall portion of the container and the heater, a hydrogen supply unit for supplying a hydrogen-containing hydrogen-based gas to the heat generating element, and a vacuum evacuation unit for evacuating the container. Formula (1) is satisfied: AHC?eq(TH?TW)+As?eq?(TS4?TW4)+Pm<Hex ??(1), where TH is heater temperature, TW is external environmental temperature, AHC is equivalent heat conduction area, keq is equivalent thermal conductivity, Leq is equivalent thermal conduction length, AS is sample radiation surface area, TS is sample surface temperature, ?eq is equivalent emissivity, ? is Stefan-Boltzmann constant, Pm is energy required for maintaining operation, Hex is thermal energy generated by the heat generating element, and ?eq is (keq/Leq).

Abstract: A heat generating device includes: a sealed container; a tubular body provided in a hollow portion of the sealed container; a heat generating element provided on an outer surface of the tubular body and configured to generate heat by occluding and discharging hydrogen supplied to the hollow portion; and a flow path formed by an inner surface of the tubular body and through which configured to allow a fluid that exchanges heat with the heat generating element to flow. The heat generating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, and a multilayer film provided on the base. The multilayer film has a first layer made of a hydrogen storage metal and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and a second layer made of a hydrogen storage metal, which is different from that of the first layer, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

Abstract: Provided are a novel heat utilization system and heat generating device that utilize an inexpensive, clean, and safe heat energy source. A heat utilization system 10 includes a heat-generating element 14 configured to generate heat by occluding and discharging hydrogen, a sealed container 15 having a first chamber 21 and a second chamber 22 partitioned by the heat-generating element 14, and a temperature adjustment unit 16 configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating element 14. The first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 have different hydrogen pressures. The heat-generating element 14 includes a support element 61 made of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen permeable film, and a proton conductor, and a multilayer film 62 supported by the support element 61.

Abstract: Provided are a novel heat utilization system and heat generating device that utilize an inexpensive, clean, and safe heat energy source. A heat utilization system 10 includes a heat-generating element 14 configured to generate heat by occluding and discharging hydrogen, a sealed container 15 having a first chamber 21 and a second chamber 22 partitioned by the heat-generating element 14, and a temperature adjustment unit 16 configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating element 14. The first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 have different hydrogen pressures. The heat-generating element 14 includes a support element 61 made of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen permeable film, and a proton conductor, and a multilayer film 62 supported by the support element 61.

Abstract: A heat utilization system according to the invention includes: a sealed container into which a hydrogen-based gas is supplied; a heat generating structure that is accommodated in the sealed container and includes a heat generating element that is configured to generate heat by occluding and discharging hydrogen contained in the hydrogen-based gas; and a heat utilization device that utilizes, as a heat source, a heat medium heated by the heat of the heat generating element. The heat generating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on the base. The multilayer film has a first layer made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm and a second layer made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, which is different from that of the first layer, or ceramics and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

Abstract: A heat generating device includes a container, a heat generating element, and a heater. A hydrogen-based gas contributing to heat generation is introduced into the container. The heat generating element is provided inside the container. The heater is configured to heat the heat generating element. The heat generating element includes a base made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a proton conductor, and a multilayer film provided on a surface of the base. The multilayer film having a stacking configuration of: a first layer that is made of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and a second layer that is made of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramics different from that of the first layer. The first layer and the second layer have a layer shape with a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

Abstract: A heat generating system (1) of the present invention controls an excess heat output from heat-generating element cells (16) that are generating excess heat as a result of the heat generation reaction among the plurality of heat-generating element cells (16) by increasing the number of heat generation reaction positions, and therefore even if the other heat-generating element cells (16) do not generate excess heat due to insufficient heat generation reaction, the heat-generating element cells (16) in which the heat generation reaction is certainly occurring can compensate for insufficient amount of heat to be recovered, thereby capable of stably obtaining heat using the heat-generating element cells (16) each of which generates heat using a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy.

Abstract: A heat generating system includes a heat-generating element cell and a circulation device. The heat-generating element cell includes a container having a recovery port and a discharge port, and a reactant that is provided in the container, is made from a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, has metal nanoparticles on a surface of the reactant. The heat-generating element cell generates excess heat when hydrogen-based gas contributing to heat generation is supplied into the container and hydrogen atoms are occluded in the metal nanoparticles. The circulation device circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the heat-generating element cell. The circulation device includes a circulating passage that is provided outside the container and connects the recovery port to the discharge port, a pump circulates the hydrogen-based gas in the container via the circulating passage, and a filter on the circulating passage adsorbs and removes the impurities in the hydrogen-based gas.

Abstract: A heat generating system (1) of the present invention controls an excess heat output from heat-generating element cells (16) that are generating excess heat as a result of the heat generation reaction among the plurality of heat-generating element cells (16) by increasing the number of heat generation reaction positions, and therefore even if the other heat-generating element cells (16) do not generate excess heat due to insufficient heat generation reaction, the heat-generating element cells (16) in which the heat generation reaction is certainly occurring can compensate for insufficient amount of heat to be recovered, thereby capable of stably obtaining heat using the heat-generating element cells (16) each of which generates heat using a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy.

Abstract: A nuclide transmutation device and method which enable nuclide transmutation to be performed in a small-scale device compared with large-scale devices are disclosed. The device comprises a structure, and high and low deuterium concentration units are disposed on either side of the structure so as to sandwich the structure therebetween, wherein an electrolytic solution containing heavy water is supplied to the high deuterium concentration unit and is electrolyzed to generate deuterium, thereby producing a state of high deuterium concentration near the high deuterium concentration unit side surface and placing the low deuterium concentration unit in a state of low deuterium concentration relative to the high deuterium concentration unit, causing the deuterium to penetrate through the structure from the high deuterium concentration unit toward the low deuterium concentration unit, and subjecting a substance to nuclide transmutation by reaction with the deuterium.

Abstract: The present invention produces nuclide transmutation using a relatively small-scale device. The device 10 that produces nuclide transmutation comprises a structure body 11 that is substantially plate shaped and made of palladium (Pd) or palladium alloy, or another metal that absorbs hydrogen (for example, Ti) or an alloy thereof, and a material 14 that undergoes nuclide transmutation laminated on one surface 11A among the two surfaces of this structure body 11. The one surface 11 A side of the structure body 11, for example, is made a region in which the pressure of the deuterium is high due to pressure or electrolysis and the like, and the other surface 11B side, for example, is a region in which the pressure of the deuterium is low due to vacuum exhausting and the like, arid thereby, a flow of deuterium in the structure body 11 is produced, and nuclide transmutation is carried out by a reaction between the deuterium and the material 14 that undergoes nuclide transmutation.

Abstract: A nuclide processing method which binds a first nuclide material including at least one of Cs, C, and Sr that undergoes nuclide transmutation to a surface layer of a multilayer structure body. The method heats the multilayer structure body by the heater. The method supplies deuterium gas, at atmospheric pressure supplied from a tank of deuterium, into an absorption chamber holding the multilayer structure body, and evacuates a desorption chamber holding the multilayer structure body to a vacuum level below atmospheric pressure to provide a flow of the deuterium gas that penetrates through the heated multilayer structure body and the first nuclide material bound on the multilayer structure body.

Abstract: A nuclide processing method which binds a first nuclide material including at least one of Cs, C, and Sr that undergoes nuclide transmutation to a surface layer of a multilayer structure body. The method heats the multilayer structure body by the heater. The method supplies deuterium gas, at atmospheric pressure supplied from a tank of deuterium, into an absorption chamber holding the multilayer structure body, and evacuates a desorption chamber holding the multilayer structure body to a vacuum level below atmospheric pressure to provide a flow of the deuterium gas that penetrates through the heated multilayer structure body and the first nuclide material bound on the multilayer structure body.

Abstract: A neutron moderator includes a neutron generator; a neutron moderating material arranged on one side of the neutron generator; a gamma ray shielding material covering an external surface of the neutron moderating material; and a thermal neutron absorbing material covering the external surface of the neutron moderating material except a side where the neutron generator is arranged.

Abstract: A nuclear material detection device that can detect a nuclear material with high accuracy is provided. The nuclear material detection device (10) detects a nuclear material contained in an object under inspection A to be inspected. A neutron detection sensor (1) is disposed so as to oppose the object under inspection A and detects neutrons emitted from the nuclear material. The neutron detection sensor (1) can detect the two-dimensional position of the source of neutrons emitted from the nuclear material.

Abstract: A neutron moderator includes a neutron generator; a neutron moderating material arranged on one side of the neutron generator; a gamma ray shielding material covering an external surface of the neutron moderating material; and a thermal neutron absorbing material covering the external surface of the neutron moderating material except a side where the neutron generator is arranged.

Abstract: The present invention produces nuclide transmutation using a relatively small-scale device. The device 10 that produces nuclide transmutation comprises a structure body 11 that is substantially plate shaped and made of palladium (Pd) or palladium alloy, or another metal that absorbs hydrogen (for example, Ti) or an alloy thereof, and a material 14 that undergoes nuclide transmutation laminated on one surface 11A among the two surfaces of this structure body 11. The one surface 11A side of the structure body 11, for example, is made a region in which the pressure of the deuterium is high due to pressure or electrolysis and the like, and the other surface 11B side, for example, is a region in which the pressure of the deuterium is low due to vacuum exhausting and the like, and thereby, a flow of deuterium in the structure body 11 is produced, and nuclide transmutation is carried out by a reaction between the deuterium and the material 14 that undergoes nuclide transmutation.

Abstract: Provided are a security gate system and a security gate control method capable of accurately inspecting inspection targets in a short period of time. The security gate system includes a main route 2; a mass spectrograph 3 for analyzing a sample (for example, a ticket) obtained from an inspection target (for example, a facility user at an airport, etc.) moving in the main route 2; at least one branch route 10 that is divided from the main route 2 at the downstream side of a position where the sample is obtained in the moving direction of the inspection target; gates (a first gate 5 and a second gate 6), which are provided at branch sections of the branch route 10 for switching a flow path of the inspection target; and a control apparatus 20 for performing control to switch between the gates 5 and 6 based on an analysis result of the mass spectrograph 3.