Abstract: A color classification apparatus for classifying the color component of a target object includes an imaging optical system, an image pickup device, optical bandpass filters, a transmission wavelength selection unit, a storage unit, a read unit, and a correction unit. The image pickup device is arranged on the imaging plane of the imaging optical system. The optical bandpass filters are optically arranged upstream the image pickup device, and have a plurality of different selectable optical transmission wavelength bands. The transmission wavelength selection unit selects one transmission wavelength band from the plurality of optical transmission wavelength bands.

Abstract: An imaging device having a signal-processing section, an imaging section, and X- and Y-direction angle wire drivers. The imaging section sequentially form images of an object. The signal-processing section obtains X- and Y-direction displacements of the imaging section with respect to an object, from the positional relationship between the images formed by the imaging section. The angle wire drivers drive X- and Y-direction angle wires in accordance with the X- and Y-direction displacements obtained by the signal-processing section, thus moving the imaging section such that the imaging section tracks the object.

Abstract: In a sensitivity function measuring unit, a CMD for picking up a beam from a light source is arranged through a photographic lens and a liquid crystal lens. A preamplifier, an A/D converter, a subtractor, a sensitivity function memory, a compressor, and R, G, and B sensitivity function memories are sequentially connected to the CMD through a switching circuit. An image reproducing unit for reproducing an original image using a sensitivity function calculated by the sensitivity function measuring unit is connected to a calculator for calculating a reproduced image, a frame memory for storing an image signal picked up by the CMD, and calculators for calculating sensitivity functions stored in the sensitivity function memories. The image reproducing unit is also connected to a display unit.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device electronically images at least a portion of an image of a subject formed on a film exposure surface through a potographic optical lens. This imaging device is driven at a high speed by an imaging device driver to repeatedly perform electronic imaging of the subject image. A frame memory stores a subject image signal initially imaged by the imaging device. A two-dimensional correlating circuit executes a two-dimensional correlation arithmetic operation between the subject image signal stored in the frame memory and subject image signals sequentially imaged during a film exposure period for the subject image, thereby calculating drift between the subject images formed on the film exposure surface in the x and y directions perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens. An actuator driver drives an actuator in accordance with the detected drift in the x and y directions to move lens in the x and y directions, thereby correcting the drifts.

Abstract: An image signal processing device includes a logarithmic compression circuit, filtering circuit, filtering characteristic setting circuit and dynamic range/gain control circuit. The logarithmic compression circuit subjects an input image signal containing a color signal to the logarithmic compression. The filtering circuit serves to filter the input image signal. The filtering characteristic setting circuit adaptively sets the band pass characteristic of the filtering circuit according to the feature of the input image signal. The dynamic range/gain control circuit controls the dynamic range and gain of the filtered input image signal.

Abstract: In the exposure control circuit of an image input device according to the present invention, the rays of light from the subject pass through a diaphragm adjusting the amount of light and undergoes photoelectric conversion at a CCD imaging element. The image signal read from the CCD imaging element is accumulated more than once at an accumulating circuit. The luminance of the subject is detected at a luminance detector. Based on the detected luminance, a condition setting circuit sets the amount of incident light, exposure time, and the number of additions to suitable values. With those suitable settings, the amount of light through the diaphragm, the exposure time of the CCD imaging element, and the number of accumulations by the accumulating circuit are controlled so as to enable the subject to be photographed under the best condition.

Abstract: A field sequential imaging apparatus includes an imaging unit for imaging an object in units of colors by sequentially switching a plurality of color filters, and a correction unit for correcting color misregistrations on the basis of correlations among image signals from the imaging unit in units of colors.

Abstract: In a sensitivity function measuring unit, a CMD for picking up a beam from a light source is arranged through a photographic lens and a liquid crystal lens. A preamplifier, an A/D converter, a subtractor, a sensitivity function memory, a compressor, and R, G, and B sensitivity function memories are sequentially connected to the CMD through a switching circuit. An image reproducing unit for reproducing an original image using a sensitivity function calculated by the sensitivity function measuring unit is connected to a calculator for calculating a reproduced image, a frame memory for storing an image signal picked up by the CMD, and calculators for calculating sensitivity functions stored in the sensitivity function memories. The image reproducing unit is also connected to a display unit.

Abstract: An image pickup element picks up an image formed by an optical system. A drive mechanism performs focus adjustment of the optical system on the basis of a signal output from the image pickup element. A storage unit stores MTF ratios corresponding to a plurality of spatial previously frequencies at each of two positions near a focal plane of the optical system in accordance with a defocus amount of the optical system, and to a predetermined value of characteristic values of the optical system. A converter converts the MTF ratio values stored in the storage unit in accordance with the characteristic value of the optical system. A first calculating unit calculates a ratio of the plurality of spatial frequency components corresponding to respective focusing states on the basis of a signal output from the image pickup element.

Abstract: In the exposure control circuit of an image input device according to the present invention, the rays of light from the subject pass through a diaphragm adjusting the amount of light and undergoes photoelectric conversion at a CCD imaging element. The image signal read from the CCD imaging element is accumulated more than once at an accumulating circuit. The luminance of the subject is detected at a luminance detector. Based on the detected luminance, a condition setting circuit sets the amount of incident light, exposure time, and the number of additions to suitable values. With those suitable settings, the amount of light through the diaphragm, the exposure time of the CCD imaging element, and the number of accumulations by the accumulating circuit are controlled so as to enable the subject to be photographed under the best condition.

Abstract: In an electronic still camera apparatus wherein an image of an object is incident on an image pickup surface of a CCD through an optical lens, the object image passed the optical lens is divided into a portion entering the CCD and a portion entering a two-dimensional PSD. The two-dimensional PSD detects a center of gravity of a light distribution of the object image, and a detection signal is supplied to a deviation detector comprising a sample-hold circuit and a differential amplifier. The deviation detector stores the detection signal at the time of start of image pickup, and the differential amplifier compares the stored signal and a detection signal output from the PSD during image pickup. A deviation detection signal corresponding to the comparison result is output.

Abstract: An object image is formed on an imaging surface through a photographing optical lens system. A first displacement detector detects a displacement associated with the photographing optical lens system within a plane perpendicular to an optical axis. A second displacement detector detects a displacement associated with the imaging surface within the plane perpendicular to the optical axis. A correct section corrects positional errors of the object image to be formed on the imaging surface by adjusting an optical, positional relationship between the photographing optical lens system and the imaging surface in accordance with displacement amounts detected by the first and second displacement detecter.

Abstract: An auto-focusing apparatus includes a CCD for imaging an optical image formed by a photographing optical system, a motor for changing the position of the CCD along the direction of the optical axis, a BPF for extracting a predetermined frequency component from an image signal read from the CCD, a detector for outputting a focus signal corresponding to a focusing degree by performing square detection of an output signal from the BPF, and a microprocessor for calculating an intermediate parameter dFZP on the basis of the frequency band of the BPF and the F-number of the photographing optical system, determining a sampling interval .DELTA.x on the basis of a characteristic value COPT of the detector and the intermediate parameter d.sub.FZP, controlling the motor and the CCD in accordance with the sampling interval, sampling a plurality of focus signals, and detecting an in-focus point by interpolating the focus signals.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus of this invention includes a photographing optical system for forming an optical image of an object, an image pickup element for converting the optical image formed by the photographing optical system into an electrical signal, a drive circuit for changing a relative position between the photographing optical system and the image pickup element, a reading circuit for reading the electrical signals at different relative positions as image signals from the image pickup element, a frequency extracting circuit for extracting frequency components of the same specific bands from the image signals read by the reading circuit (34), a focusing signal generator for adding the plurality of frequency components extracted by the frequency extracting circuit to generate a focusing signal, a filtering circuit for filtering the focusing signal to generate a filtering signal, and a microprocessor for performing an in-focus detection operation using a plurality of signal values of the filtering

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus comprises a photographic optical system for forming an optical image of an object, an optical system driving circuit for moving the photographic optical system in a direction of its optical axis, a storage circuit for prestoring a plurality of MTF ratios corresponding to a plurality of focusing states of the photographic optical system, an image sensor for detecting the optical image, a spatial frequency component extracting circuit for extracting a plurality of spatial frequency components from image signals output from the image sensor, a calculating circuit for calculating a ratio between spatial frequency components representing different focusing states at every common frequency from the spatial frequency components extracted by the spatial frequency extracting circuit, a defocus detecting circuit for detecting a defocus amount and a focusing direction from the spatial frequency component ratios calculated by the calculating circuit and the MTF ratios stored in the storage

Abstract: A correlation operational apparatus for multi-dimensional images includes: means for reducing at least two-dimensional components of the multi-dimensional images composed of at least two components by at least one component by projecting a vector representing the image onto a space perpendicular to a vector representing a large variance of distribution of the multi-dimensional image in a vector space whose orthogonal axes represent the individual dimensional component values of the multi-dimensional image; and means for performing a correlation operation for each component on the multi-dimensional images whose dimensional components have been reduced by at least one. In consequence, images having a relatively high number of high spatial frequency components and whose components have been reduced by at least one are extracted, and a correlation operation is performed thereon.

Abstract: An automatic focusing apparatus comprises a photographic optical system for forming an optical image of an object, an optical system driving circuit for moving the photographic optical system in a direction of its optical axis, a storage circuit for prestoring a plurality of MTF ratios corresponding to a plurality of focusing states of the photographic optical system, an image sensor for detecting the optical image, a spatial frequency component extracting circuit for extracting a plurality of spatial frequency components from image signals output from the image sensor, a calculating circuit for calculating a ratio between spatial frequency components representing different focusing states at every common frequency from the spatial frequency components extracted by the spatial frequency extracting circuit, a defocus detecting circuit for detecting a defocus amount and a focusing direction from the spatial frequency component ratios calculated by the calculating circuit and the MTF ratios stored in the storage