Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image. A developing device develops the electrostatic image on the image bearing member by toners charged with a predetermined polarity. A transfer device transfers a toner image on the image bearing member to a transferring material. An electrifying device inject-charges the image bearing member having transfer residual toners. An electrical conductive member provided and spaced apart from the image bearing member in a moving direction of the image bearing member downstream farther than the transfer means and upstream farther than the electrifying device. An electrical field forming device for forming an alternative electrical field between the electrical conductive member and the image bearing member.

Abstract: A charging device, suitable for use in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, is formed of an object to be charged, and a roller-shaped charging member disposed in contact with the object via electroconductive particles and supplied with a voltage to charge the objects. The charging member has a surface layer comprising an elastic foam and moved with a surface speed difference relative to the object. The charging member has surface cavities having an average diameter of 5 to 150 &mgr;m and occupying an areal percentage of 50 to 90%. An image forming apparatus and a process-cartridge therefor including the charging device are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrifier for electrifying a charge object member. According to the present invention, the electrifier includes: a charge rotary member, for forming a first nip with a charge object member to charge the charge object member, and for holding and carrying charge particles to the first nip; and a nip forming member for forming a second nip with the charge rotary member.

Abstract: A charging member has an electrically conductive base material and a surface layer including a foaming body of a continuous bubble material.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member for being supplied with a voltage to charge a member to be charged, the charging member including an elastic member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, and said elastic member having a surface provided with a plurality of projections; wherein a speed A of a surface of said charging member(mm/sec) and a speed B of a surface of the member to be charged(mm/sec) satisfy: when B−A>0, said projections are inclined toward upstream with respect to a movement direction of the surface of the member to be charged in said nip, and when B−A<0, the projections are inclined toward downstream with respect to a movement direction of the surface of the member to be charged in said nip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charging member which has an electrically conductive base material and a surface layer including a foaming body of a continuous bubble.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a member to be charged having a charge retaining layer for retaining a charge and an electroconductive base. A charging member capable of being supplied with a voltage is provided to charge the member to be charged. The charging member includes magnetic particles in the form of a magnetic brush contactable to the member to be charged, wherein the member to be charged has an electroconductive member electrically insulated from the electroconductive base in a region corresponding to an end portion, in a longitudinal direction of the charging member.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a first charging member of being supplied with a voltage to charge a member to be charged. A first charging member has magnetic particles in the form of a magnetic brush contactable to the member to be charged. A second charging member charges a region of the member to be charged corresponding to an end portion, in a longitudinal direction of the charging member, of the magnetic particles, wherein by the second charging member, the region has a potential of the same charge polarity of the voltage when the region reaches a charging position of this first charging member.

Abstract: A charging apparatus for charging a member to be charged, the charging apparatus includes a charging member for electrically charging the member to be charged; and electroconductive particle supplying means for loosening electroconductive particles stored in the form of granules each comprising aggregated electroconductive particles and supplying the loosened electroconductive particles to the charging member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image; a developing means for developing the electrostatic image on said image bearing member by toners charged with a predetermined polarity; a transfer means for transferring a toner image on said image bearing member to a transferring material; an electrifying means for inject-charging the image bearing member having transfer residual toners; an electrical conductive member provided and spaced apart from said image bearing member in a moving direction of the image bearing member downstream further than said transfer means and upstream further than said electrifying means; and an electrical field forming means for forming an alternative electrical field between said electrical conductive member and said image bearing member.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a developing apparatus which can prevent reduction in image density due to paper powder. A further object of the present invention is to provide a developing apparatus that has a developing container, a toner carrying member, and a toner container, wherein the toner container has a space portion which disposed below the toner carrying member and which is not substantially replenished with the toner.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a movable charging member for being supplied with a voltage to charge a member to be charged, said charging member being provided with a flexible member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, wherein a speed difference is provided between surfaces of the member to be charged and said flexible member; electroconductive particles supplying means, having a foam member contactable to said charging member, for supplying electroconductive particles to said charging member to provide the nip with the electroconductive particles.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for injection charging which uses charging accelerating particles in a charging nip portion to rotate an image bearing body and a charging roller at different velocities and applies a bias in image forming which is different from a bias applied in non-image forming to feed substantially only the charging accelerating particles in non-image forming, thereby it is possible to enhance a charging property and to provide a favorable image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a charging apparatus in which, when a is a volume resistance value (&OHgr;cm) of an electrically conductive particles, b is a volume resistivity value (&OHgr;cm) of a foam body layer, c is a thickness (cm) of the foam body layer and d is a diameter (cm) of a cell, the following relationship is satisfied: a≦bc/10d.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging unit for charging the image bearing member, an image forming unit for forming an electrostatic image on the image bearing member charged by the charging unit, a developing device for developing the electrostatic image on the image bearing member and for supplying to the image bearing member charging performance enhancing particles which have a polarity opposite from that of the toner, wherein the developing device has a developer carrying member, opposed to the image bearing member, for carrying the toner and charging performance enhancing particles and also which forms an alternating electric field between the developer carrying member and the image bearing member to supply the toner and the charging performance enhancing particles to the image bearing member.

Abstract: A charging apparatus for charging a member to be charged includes a charging member for contacting to the member to be charged to electrically charge it; charging performance enhancing particles existing at a contact portion between the charging member and the member to be charged; wherein the charging performance enhancing particles is triboelectrically charged at the contact portion to a polarity opposite from that of a voltage applied to the charging member.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member, to which a voltage is applicable, for charging a member to be charged; the charging member including: a flexible member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, wherein the flexible member is moved with a peripheral speed difference between surfaces of the flexible member and the member to be charged at the nip; and electroconductive particles in the nip.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member with a recirculatively movable peripheral surface; and a device for forming electrostatic latent images on the peripheral surface of the image bearing member, the device including a charging member to which voltage is applicable to charge the image bearing member. The charging member includes a flexible member capable of forming a nip between itself and the image bearing member; a developer for developing the latent image with the use of developer composed of toner particles and electrically conductive particles. The developer is capable of cleaning the residual toner particles from the image bearing member. The electrically conductive particles transferred onto the image bearing member by the developer are delivered to the nip by the image bearing member. The flexible member is moved so that it maintains a peripheral velocity difference relative to the image bearing member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging device for charging the image bearing member, the charging device including a charging member for being supplied with a voltage and for forming a nip with the image bearing member and including electroconductive particles in the nip, a developer develops, with one-component developer, an electrostatic latent image formed on the image bearing member using the charging device; the developer including a developer carrying member for carrying the developer, wherein the developer carried on the developer carrying member during a developing operation is contacted to the image bearing member at a contact position where peripheral movement directions of the image bearing member and the developer carrying member are the same, and wherein a surface speed of the image bearing member Vd and a surface speed of the developer carrying member Vs satisfy:1.2<Vs/Vd<2.5.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member to which a voltage is applicable to charge a member to be charged, the charging member including a flexible member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, wherein the flexible member is moved to provide a speed difference between a surface of the member to be charged and a surface of the flexible member; wherein not less than 10.sup.2 /mm.sup.2 electroconductive particles are provided in the nip.