Abstract: A rotary-type fluid energy convertor comprises a pair of cylindrical body members, a pintle inserted into the cylindrical body members and having a cylindrical central portion between the body members, a cylinder barrel mounted on an outer periphery surface of the central portion of the pintle, the cylinder barrel being provided with a plurality of spaces isometrically arranged in radial directions thereof, a plurality of bushings fitted into the spaces, a rotary body mounted to the body members to be rotatable and having an inner periphery sectioned into a plurality of flat surface portions against which the top flat portions of the bushings closely abut, respectively, so as to form pressure chambers therebetween, and high and low pressure side fluid passages formed between the cylinder barrel and the cylindrical portion of the pintle.

Abstract: A hydrostatic transmission with a pair of pump/motor connected in a closed loop state by a pair of hydrostatic circuit. The hydrostatic transmission comprises a differential pressure detecting means which detects the differential pressure between the circuits and a displacement correcting means which, in case an operation to establish a neutral status has been carried out, controls the displacement volume of the pump/motor on the side where the pumping action is carried out toward a direction in which the magnitude of this differential pressure is held within a set range.In case the set range is set to a value with which a vehicle cannot run, the phenomenon of creep running will not occur.

Abstract: A stepless speed change gear comprising a differential gear mechanism forming high and low speed side mechanical transmission systems, a variable speed hydraulic transmission mechanism consisting of two hydraulic pumps/motors joined with the differential gear mechanism and two synchromesh type intermittent on-off power mechanisms for high and low speed engagement of the transmission system outputs. When connection is made to the high speed side synchromesh type intermittent power on-off mechanism at the time when the high speed side rotational speed approaches the low speed side rotational speed with the low speed side synchromesh type intermittent power on-off mechanism connected, the high speed side synchromesh type intermittent power mechanism will automatically be connected. By switching the low speed side synchromesh type intermittent power on-off making mechanism into its non-connected state, switching from low to high speed mode may be made.

Abstract: A device for detecting whether an engine brake condition exists includes a memory for storing the rotating speed of the engine corresponding to the degree of opening of the throttle valve, a detector for detecting the degree of opening of the throttle valve, a detector of the actual rotating speed of the engine, and a device for determining that the engine is an engine brake state when the actual speed of the engine corresponding to the actual degree of opening of the throttle valve exceeds the speed of the engine stored in the memory.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nonstep speed change gear capable of selecting low speed mode and high speed mode by the low speed side clutch and high speed side clutch, comprising a differential mechanism having a low speed side mechanical transmission line and a high speed side mechanical transmission line formed in parallel, and a fluid transmission mechanism forming a pair of fluid transmission lines of which speed is variable by fluid pump/motor being installed on the way of these mechanical transmission lines, in which when the rotation speed difference of the both clutches becomes close to zero, the operation falls into intermediate lock-up mode so that the both clutches are connected together, and in this mode the displacement of the fluid pump/motor is controlled by the control mechanism so that the differential pressure of the circuits of the fluid transmission lines may be nearly zero.

Abstract: A stepless speed reducer includes the mechanical power transmission lines for high speed and low speed, the two lines being selectively concluded to effect power transmission. When the working speed ratio comes near a predetermined critical speed ratio, the operation is maintained at the critical speed ratio while the pump motor for low speed is kept inoperative and no pressure difference exists between the transmission circuits, thereby transmitting power through the line for high speed.

Abstract: A fluid energy converter having a cover to support a cylinder barrel positioned and mounted on the casing main body. At the opening end of the casing main body, a helical taper plane at an angle not more than 45.degree. with respect to the axial centerline of the body open end is formed, helically of the casing body. The taper plane faces the open end of the casing main body and a taper plane at the same angle is formed on the cover. The cover is fitted to the casing main body by threading together the taper planes so that the cover is correctly positioned by the taper guide action. Because the angle of taper plane is not more than 45.degree., the cover and casing main body are not dislocated if a force is applied in a radial direction.

Abstract: A hydromechanical transmission that can be used as a simple and efficient continuously variable transmission includes a differential mechanism for forming either a first mehanical transfer line for high speeds or a second mechanical transfer line for low speeds, a hydraulic power transmission mechanism having a hydraulic pump/motor, and a mode selector mechanism for selecting either a low-speed mode or a high-speed mode. In the low-speed mode, the output is connected to the input via the second mechanical transfer line. In the high-speed mode, the output is connected to the input via the first mechanical transfer line. One of the hydraulic pump/motors has a fixed displacement , while the other hydraulic pump/motor has a variable displacement.

Abstract: A rotary fluid energy translating device which comprises a casing and a couple ring rotatably supported in the casing. Static fluid pressure is applied to the couple ring at circumferentially spaced points and from both the outer and the inner side of the ring so that a couple of forces is produced in the couple ring while providing balanced static pressure on the ring at each of the circumferentially spaced points thereby to rotate the couple ring, which can be connected to a mechanical element outside the casing. By positively rotating the couple ring by means of an external drive, it is possible to operate the device as a fluid pump.

Abstract: A rotary fluid energy converter which can be used either as a hydraulic pump or as a motor, can recover energy with high efficiency. The converter has a spring for biasing a pintle, which supports a torque ring, in one direction, and a hydraulic actuator for moving the pintle in the opposite direction against the action of the spring. A high pressure fluid used in the converter is introduced into the actuator via a pressure-compensating valve to maintain the pressure of this fluid at the pressure set for the valve at all times.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure system comprising a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor, a pair of main hydraulic pressure lines connecting the pump and the motor so as to form a closed loop or circuit, a booster line for supplying a hydraulic pressure from a booster pump to the low pressure side of the closed circuit, a pilot line for taking out a pilot pressure from the high pressure side of the circuit to operate an actuator for controlling the hydraulic pump and the hydraulic motor, and a boost pressure regulator for causing the pressure in the booster line to rise only when the differential pressure between the two main hydraulic pressure lines of the closed circuit becomes lower than a predetermined level.

Abstract: A hydromechanical transmission that can be used as an efficient continuously variable transmission has a pair of speed sensors for detecting the rotational speeds at the transmission ends of two mechanical transfer lines formed in the transmission, a pair of pressure sensors for detecting the pressures at two positions, an actuator, and a computer. The computer controls the actuator and two clutches in such a way that the system is switched from a low-speed mode to a high-speed mode and vice versa without producing a shock.

Abstract: A servomechnism made up of a relatively small number of components has a pintle that is moved back and forth by a hydraulic actuator, an input member disposed opposite to the pintle and capable of reciprocating parallel with the pintle, a spool capable of reciprocating parallel to both the input member and the pintle, a pair of idle gears pivoted to the spool, and a hydraulic circuit. The input member has a rack opposite to a rack formed on the pintle. The spool is mounted between these racks. The idle gears are in mesh with the racks. When the input member is moved to shift the spool out of its neutral position, the actuator is unlocked to return the spool to its neutral position.

Abstract: An acceleration regulator in the driving system of an automotive vehicle comprising an element for transmitting displacement comprising a first portion and a second portion; a differential mechanism having a first input terminal connected to the first portion of the element, a second input terminal, an an output terminal connected to the second portion of the element, and being so arranged that the amount of operation applied through the first portion of the element to the first input terminal is modulated differentially by the piston of the second input terminal so that the modulated amount of operation is taken out at the output terminal; and a fixing mechanism for variably fixing the position of the second input terminal of the differential mechanism, the fixing mechanism being so arranged that when the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic circuit of the driving system rises to a preset level slightly lower than the relief pressure of the circuit, the second input terminal of the differential mechanism is m

Abstract: A hydromechanical transmission that can be used as an efficient, continuously variable transmission has a differential mechanism, a hydraulic transmission mechanism, a mode selector mechanism, a locking mechanism, and a clutch mechanism. The hydraulic transmission mechanism has two pump/motors one of which acts as a hydraulic pump when the other serves as a hydraulic motor, and vice-versa. The mode selector establishes either a low-speed more or a high-speed mode. When one of the two pump/motors operates at a low speed in a given range of higher speeds in the high-speed mode, the input/output shaft of the pump/motor is locked by the locking mechanism. When the locking mechanism is in operation, the other pump/motor operating at a higher speed is disconnected from the differential mechanism by the clutch mechanism.

Abstract: A hydraulic transmission has a pump and a hydraulic motor which are in communication with each other through a fluid passage and each of which has an eccentric or inclined movable member that is moved to vary the volume of liquid discharged by the pump or motor, the pump receiving an input rotation that is developed from the motor as an output rotation of a varied rotational frequency. The hydraulic transmission further includes a first element for urging the movable member of the pump in a first direction, a second element for urging the movable member of the motor in a second direction; and an actuating mechanism which moves the movable member of the pump a distance proportional to a control input, and which, when the displacement of the pump is varied, retains the movable member of the motor to keep the displacement of the motor constant, and which, when the movable member of the pump is retained at a certain position, moves the movable member of the motor a distance proportional to the control input.

Abstract: In an automobile which employs an engine the output of which varies with the amount of operation applied to the operating terminal of the engine and a continuously variable transmission having a reduction ratio which can be rendered infinite or close to infinity when the automobile is started, and acceleration control system comprising a torque detector for detecting the output torque of the transmission, and a corrector for correcting the amount of operation to be applied to the operating terminal in such a manner that when the torque detector detects the output torque of the engine having exceeded a predetermined allowable maximum level, the engine output is reduced so as to offset the excessive amount of torque.

Abstract: A rotary fluid energy converter which is used either as a hydraulic pump or as a fluid motor has a housing, a torque ring, pistons, a cylinder barrel, and spaces. The ring is closely held against the inner surface of the housing via first static pressure bearing which are circumferentially spaced from one another. As the ring is rotated relative to the housing, the volumes of the spaces increase or decrease. Each of the first bearings has two pressure pockets axially adjacent each other. Fluid flows out of the spaces and is distributed to the corresponding pressure pockets via restrictors.

Abstract: In an automobile provided with an engine, drive wheels, a braking system including a brake pedal and wheel brakes and a continuously variable transmission interposed between the engine and the drive wheels, a deceleration control system comprising an engine speed detector for detecting the rotational speed of the engine, an engine brake controller for producing a signal corresponding to the amount of operation on the brake pedal by a driver so as to apply the signal to an actuating terminal for controlling the reduction ratio of the transmission thereby to change said reduction ratio, and a wheel brake controller for operating the wheel brakes, when the engine speed detected by the engine speed detector has reached a predetermined level, so that the engine speed will not exceed the predetermined level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glass fiber-reinforced composition, which comprises (A) 99-40 wt. % of a modified ethylene/propylene block copolymer having a polar monomer content of at least 0.05 wt. %, which is obtained by graft-modifying at least partially a crystalline ethylene/propylene block copolymer, in which the ethylene content is 3-15 wt. %, the melt flow rate is 0.1 to 70 g/10 min, the intrinsic viscosity of the portion soluble in p-xylene at normal temperature is 2.5-6 as measured in decalin at 135.degree. C. and the ethylene content of the portion insoluble in p-xylene at normal temperature is 1.5-10 wt. %, with a polar monomer and an organic peroxide in an extruder, (B) up to 20 wt. % of a polyolefin rubber, and (C) 1 to 45 wt. % of a surface-treated glass fiber. This composition gives a molded article having an excellent rigidity and impact resistance.