Abstract: There is provided a reaction vessel whereby silicon produced can be smoothly recovered dropwise without excessive thermal load on constitutional parts of the reaction vessel, a silicon deposition feedstock gas can be reacted efficiently even when the reaction vessel is scaled up to industrial large-scale equipment, generation of silicon fine powder and silane oligomers can be suppressed, and industrial silicon production can be performed over extended periods. The tubular reaction vessel comprises a longitudinally-extending wall with a space thereinside, wherein a silicon deposition feedstock gas inflow opening and a deposited silicon discharge opening are provided at an upper portion and a lower end portion respectively, and a flow resistance-increasing region is created on a wall surface of the tubular reaction vessel that is contacted with a feedstock gas. The flow resistance-increasing region is at least one of protrudent, concave and sloped regions.

Abstract: A measure for improving the light emission efficiency of a light emitting element without degrading characteristics of anode materials used in prior art is provided in manufacture of an upward emission type light emitting element. The present invention is characterized in that nitride or carbide of a metal element belonging to one of Group 4, 5, and 6 in the periodic table (hereinafter referred to as metal compound) is used as the material for forming an anode of a light emitting element. The metal compound has a work function equal to or larger than the work function of conventional anode materials. Therefore, injection of holes from the anode can be improved ever more. Also, with regard to conductivity, the metal compound is smaller in resistivity than ITO. It therefore can fulfil the function as a wire and can lower the drive voltage in the light emitting element compared to prior art.

Abstract: A chelate complex having as its central metal tungsten which is an inexpensive metal and which is a heavy atom is applied to an organic light emitting element, thereby obtaining an organic light emitting element capable of converting the triplet excitation energy into light emission. By applying the organic light emitting element using this metal complex, an inexpensive light emitting device which is bright but consumes little power can be provided as well as an electric appliance using the light emitting device.

Abstract: A silicon production reactor comprising a reaction vessel and heating means, said reaction vessel comprising a vertically extending wall and a space surrounded by the wall, said heating means being capable of heating at least a part, including lower end portion, of the wall's surface facing the space to a temperature of not lower than the melting point of silicon, said silicon production reactor being adapted to flow raw gas for silicon deposition from an upper part of the space of the reaction vessel toward a lower part thereof, characterized in that the space of the reaction vessel is of slit form in cross-sectional view. This silicon production reactor is capable of attaining improvement with respect to problems encountered at apparatus scaleup, such as decrease of reactivity of raw gas and generation of by-products, thereby accomplishing a striking enhancement of production efficiency.

Abstract: In the present invention, an electron injection composition for a light-emitting element, comprising a pyridine derivative represented by general formula 1 and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, and a transition metal, is used to form an electron injection layer in a portion of a layer including luminescent material in a light-emitting element, and it is also an object of the present invention to provide, by using the composition, a light-emitting element that has more superior characteristics and a longer lifetime as compared to conventional ones. (where each of R1 to R8 represents hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsbstituted heterocyclic group.

Abstract: In the present invention, an electron injection composition for a light-emitting element, comprising a pyridine derivative represented by general formula 1 and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, and a transition metal, is used to form an electron injection layer in a portion of a layer including luminescent material in a light-emitting element, and it is also an object of the present invention to provide, by using the composition, a light-emitting element that has more superior characteristics and a longer lifetime as compared to conventional ones. (where each of R1 to R8 represents hydrogen, halogen, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group.

Abstract: A measure for improving the light emission efficiency of a light emitting element without degrading characteristics of anode materials used in prior art is provided in manufacture of an upward emission type light emitting element. The present invention is characterized in that nitride or carbide of a metal element belonging to one of Group 4, 5, and 6 in the periodic table (hereinafter referred to as metal compound) is used as the material for forming an anode of a light emitting element. The metal compound has a work function equal to or larger than the work function of conventional anode materials. Therefore, injection of holes from the anode can be improved ever more. Also, with regard to conductivity, the metal compound is smaller in resistivity than ITO. It therefore can fulfil the function as a wire and can lower the drive voltage in the light emitting element compared to prior art.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light-emitting device having a new structure which has a plurality of display screens and further achieves lightweight and thinning. Further, the invention provides a dual emission type display device which can perform a pure black display and can achieve high contrast. According to the invention, at least, both electrodes of a light-emitting element (an anode and a cathode of a light-emitting element) are highly light-transmitting at the same level, and a polarizing plate or a circularly polarizing plate is provided, thereby conducting a pure black display that is a state of no light-emission and enhancing the contrast. Moreover, unevenness of color tones in displays of the both sides, which is a problem of a new structure, namely, a full-color dual emission type display device, can be solved according to the invention.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a light-emitting device that is high in color purity of light and is high in light extraction efficiency, where sputtering is used to form an electrode on an electroluminescent layer without damage to a layer including an organic material.

Abstract: To provide an evaporation container and a vapor deposition apparatus in which vapor deposition can be performed stably with use of an evaporation container formed of an inexpensive material being easily processed without clogging the material. The side surface of a lid for the evaporation container is provided with an accordion-shaped structure. The lid of the evaporation container is made larger than an opening of an evaporation source such that the lid is directly contacted to a heating portion. According to the structure, the periphery of the opening for the lid is not easily cooled down; and therefore the variation in temperature between the body and the lid of the container is hardly generated. Consequently, an evaporated material hardly clog at the opening, vapor deposition can be stably performed for a long time, thereby increasing productivity.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for fabricating a light emitting device, in which brightness gradient due to potential drop of a counter electrode can be prevented from being observed and an auxiliary electrode can be formed without increasing the number of steps, even when the precision of a light emitting device is improved. It is another object of the invention to provide a light emitting device fabricated according to the method. The light emitting device has a light emitting element and an auxiliary electrode in each pixel. The light emitting element includes a first electrode, a second electrode, an electroluminescent layer provided between the first and the second electrodes. Further, the first electrode is overlapped with the electroluminescent layer and the second electrode formed over an insulating film by means of a first opening formed in the insulating film.

Abstract: In the present invention, an electron injection composition for a light-emitting element, comprising a pyridine derivative represented by general formula 1 and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, and a transition metal, is used to form an electron injection layer in a portion of a layer including luminescent material in a light-emitting element, and it is also an object of the present invention to provide, by using the composition, a light-emitting element that has more superior characteristics and a longer lifetime as compared to conventional ones.

Abstract: In the present invention, an electron injection composition for a light-emitting element, comprising a benzoxazole derivative represented by general formula 1 and at least one of an alkali metal, an alkali earth metal, and a transition metal, is used to form an electron injection layer in a portion of a layer including luminescent material in a light-emitting element, and it is an object of the present invention to provide, by using the composition, a light-emitting element that has more superior characteristics and a longer lifetime as compared to conventional ones.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying on both screens and switching between vertical and horizontal display, and a driving method thereof. Each pixel comprises a first region including a first light emitting element, and a second region including a second light emitting element. The first region has a bottom emission structure whereas the second region has a top emission structure. The display device comprises a source signal line driver circuit for driving the pixel, a first gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the source signal line driver circuit, and a second gate signal line driver circuit having a scan direction perpendicular to that of the first gate signal line driver circuit. In a normal display, the first gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning, and when switching between vertical and horizontal display, the second gate signal line driver circuit performs perpendicular scanning.

Abstract: A sealing structure is provided without irradiating a pixel portion of a light emitting element by heat or UV light. By the sealing structure, the reliability is enhanced by blocking out oxygen and moisture, and preventing the deterioration of the light emitting element. The sealing structure in which a whole surface of the pixel portion is covered with a sealing material and which has an excellent sealing property is manufactured without being exposed to heat or UV light. In this case, a catalyst for curing a sealing material is formed as a film on a substrate, and a sealing material for covering a pixel portion is applied to the other substrate. Then, the both substrates are bonded together.

Abstract: A light emitting device having a structure in which oxygen and moisture are prevented from reaching light emitting elements, and a method of manufacturing the same, are provided. Further, the light emitting elements are sealed by using a small number of process steps, without enclosing a drying agent. The present invention has a top surface emission structure. A substrate on which the light emitting elements are formed is bonded to a transparent sealing substrate. The structure is one in which a transparent second sealing material covers the entire surface of a pixel region when bonding the two substrates, and a first sealing material (having a higher viscosity than the second sealing material), which contains a gap material (filler, fine particles, or the like) for protecting a gap between the two substrates, surrounds the pixel region. The two substrates are sealed by the first sealing material and the second sealing material.

Abstract: A camera control system has one or more cameras, power supply to which can be externally controlled, one or more camera management devices for managing the cameras, one or more terminal stations which communicate with the camera management devices to display images from the cameras, and an instruction device for generating a power turn-on/off instruction of an arbitrary one of the cameras from the terminal station.

Abstract: A measure for improving the light emission efficiency of a light emitting element without degrading characteristics of anode materials used in prior art is provided in manufacture of an upward emission type light emitting element. The present invention is characterized in that nitride or carbide of a metal element belonging to one of Group 4, 5, and 6 in the periodic table (hereinafter referred to as metal compound) is used as the material for forming an anode of a light emitting element. The metal compound has a work function equal to or larger than the work function of conventional anode materials. Therefore, injection of holes from the anode can be improved ever more. Also, with regard to conductivity, the metal compound is smaller in resistivity than ITO. It therefore can fulfil the function as a wire and can lower the drive voltage in the light emitting element compared to prior art.

Abstract: There is the possibility that the operator misunderstands as if an abnormality has occurred in an apparatus, depending on the state of reception of an image changing in accordance with situation. This problem is solved by providing a reception unit for receiving images generated from a plurality of communication terminals, an output unit for outputting the images received by the reception unit in order to dipslay the images on a display unit as multiple images, and a notification unit for grasping and notifying a state of reception of the images by the reception unit.

Abstract: A chelate complex having as its central metal tungsten which is an inexpensive metal and which is a heavy atom is applied to an organic light emitting element, thereby obtaining an organic light emitting element capable of converting the triplet excitation energy into light emission. By applying the organic light emitting element using this metal complex, an inexpensive light emitting device which is bright but consumes little power can be provided as well as an electric appliance using the light emitting device.