Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprising an image bearing member and electrostatic image forming means including electrification means which is disposed in contact with the above described image bearing member at an electrification location for injection electrification of the image bearing member, and configured to set a peripheral speed different between the above described electrification means and the above described image bearing member which is smaller when an area of the image bearing member to be an image forming area is at the above described electrification location than that when at least a portion of an area of the image bearing member to be a no-image forming area is at the electrification location.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a movable image bearing member; charging means including a charge member for electrically charging the image bearing member with electroconductive particles between the charge member and the image bearing member; developing means for developing a latent image with toner mixed with electroconductive particles; wherein the latent image is formed on the image bearing member having been charged by the charging means, and a toner image provided by development of the latent image by the developing means is transferred onto a recording material; wherein the electroconductive particles mixed in the toner is carried by the image bearing member and is fed to between the charge member and the image bearing member; and a width A, measured in a direction perpendicular to a moving direction of the image bearing member, in which the electroconductive particle are present between the charge member and the image bearing member, a width B in which the developing means is capable of effecting

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer bearing member for bearing and carrying developer to a developing area. A developer is borne on the developer bearing member, wherein the developer has a weight average particle size not exceeding 6.5 &mgr;m and contains an external additive of a charging polarity opposite to that of the developer. A voltage application device applies a voltage to the developer bearing member, wherein the voltage including at least a first voltage V1 for acting on the developer in a direction from the developer bearing member toward an image bearing member and a second voltage V2 for acting on the developer in a direction from an image bearing member toward said developer bearing member, and a charged potential VL of the image bearing member, a latent image potential VD a distance H between the developer bearing member and an image bearing member, and wherein the voltages V1 and V2 satisfy a following relationships: |V1−VL|/H≦3.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a development density adjusting method in which development density is adjusted by varying ratio of application time of a voltage having the first voltage value to application time of a voltage having the second voltage value in one period, and difference between a potential of the developer bearing member and a potential of the electrostatic latent image, when the voltage having the first voltage value is applied to the developer bearing member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, and a chiral smectic liquid crystal composition disposed between the substrates. At least one of the substrates is provided with an alignment control film of a polyimide represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## in which A denotes a planar tetravalent organic residue group; B denotes a divalent group represented by --CR.sub.1 (R.sub.2)-- where R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently denote H or alkyl group; a, b and c are independently 0 or 1; x and y are independently an integer of at least 0 and x+y=at least 1; and n is an integer of at least 2.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a hydraulically operated vehicular transmission includes a orifice, a bypass path bypassing the orifice and a switching valve provided in the bypass path. The orifice and bypass path are provided in an hydraulic oil supplying path to a hydraulic pressure coupling element provided in said hydraulically operated vehicular transmission. The switching valve shuts off said bypass path in association with the throttle of an engine at a low opening time when a throttle opening degree is equal to or lower than a first predetermined value and at a high opening time when the throttle opening degree is equal to or higher than a second predetermined value which is higher than the first predetermined value.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a chiral smectic liquid crystal and a pair of substrates sandwiching the chiral smectic liquid crystal therebetween and each having thereon an electrode for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal. At least one of the substrates being provided with an alignment control film comprising a specific aromatic polyimide which has been subjected to a uniaxial aligning treatment. The chiral smectic liquid crystal assumes bistability in a chiral smectic temperature range when incorporated in a test cell which is not provided with an alignment control film and has been subjected to shearing treatment. In the liquid crystal device including the polyimide alignment control film, the chiral smectic liquid crystal at least has a voltage-transmittance characteristic such that an effective tilt angle and a transmittance continuously change depending on an electric field applied thereto.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a hydraulically operated vehicular transmission having a plurality of speed change steps includes a shift valve unit controlling the supplying of hydraulic oil to and discharging of hydraulic oil from hydraulic pressure coupling elements for the respective speed change steps, a throttle hydraulic pressure signal outputting device which outputs a throttle hydraulic pressure signal which is applied to switch the shift valve unit, according to a throttle opening degree of an engine and an accumulator connected to an input oil path through which the throttle hydraulic pressure signal is applied to the shift valve unit.

Abstract: A sound field control unit includes a microphone collecting sound about a self-unit, a collected sound signal input-output terminal for outputting a collected sound signal of the self-unit to outside of the self-unit and inputting a collected sound signal of other units to the self-unit, a collected sound signal switch for switching the collected sound signal collected by the self-unit and that collected by the other units sequentially and repeatedly, an FIR filter for producing a reflected sound component of the collected sound signals provided by the switch and imparting it to the collected sound signals, an amplifier for amplifying the imparted reflected sound component and the collected sound signal, an equalizer provided in a signal path between an output terminal of the collected sound signal switch and an input terminal of the amplifier for adjusting frequency characteristic of a signal flowing through the signal path, and a loudspeaker for reproducing the amplified output signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member and a developer carrying member spaced from the photosensitive member by a gap. The developer carrying member carries a developer containing an externally added strontium titanate. A bias voltage is applied between the photosensitive member and the developer carrying member with a substantially rectangular waveform. This bias voltage forms an oscillating electric field therebetween. The electric field provided by the difference between a jump peak voltage of the bias voltage and the potential of the photosensitive member at a portion exposed to the light is not less than 4.1 V/micron. The electric field provided by a difference between the jump peak voltage and a potential of the photosensitive member at a portion not exposed to light is not more than 3.5 V/micron.

Abstract: There are respectively provided control valves 15, 16 in hydraulic oil paths L11, L12 for inputting governor pressure PV into shift valves 11.sub.1, 11.sub.2, 11.sub.3. In the control valves 15, 16, there are provided first pressure chambers 15g, 16g pushing the spools 15a, 16a of the control valves 15, 16 onto the closing position side. At position "D.sub.3 " or "2", hydraulic pressure is inputted into the first pressure chambers 15g, 16g, so that the spools 15a, 16a can be changed over to the closing position, and the input of governor pressure PV into the shift valves 11.sub.1, 11.sub.2, 11.sub.3 is stopped so that the shift valves can be changed over to the low speed position. In the control valves 15, 16, there are provided second pressure chambers 15h, 16h pushing the spools 15a, 16a onto the opening position side, and governor pressure PV is inputted into the second pressure chambers 15h, 16h.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developing container for storing a developing agent, a developing agent carrier which is disposed at the opening of the developing container, and carries the developing agent, a detection member which is disposed in the developing container and moves at a predetermined cycle, and a judging means for judging the residual amount of developing agent on the basis of changes in voltage induced at the detection member in the cycle.

Abstract: An electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on recording medium, includes a mounting portion capable of detachably mounting a developing unit including a developing member for developing a latent image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a developing agent containing portion for containing developing agent to be supplied to the developing member and a signal output member for outputting a signal corresponding to a remaining amount of developing agent contained in the developing unit, and a remaining amount detecting portion for detecting the remaining amount of the developing agent contained in the developing unit when the developing unit is mounted to the mounting portion. The remaining amount detecting portion detects a pre-signal outputted from the signal output member prior to image formation, to detect the remaining amount of the developing agent on the basis of a detected result.

Abstract: The present invention provides a paste for forming an internal electrode in a ceramic element. The paste causes no sudden heat generation from an organic vehicle contained therein during a degreasing step and allows Pd or Ag/Pd serving as an internal electrode to expand freely as a result of oxidation during a firing step, to thereby prevent structural defects of the ceramics such as delamination, when used for the formation of internal electrodes in a ceramic element such as a laminated ceramic capacitor. The paste contains a metal powder of Pd or Ag/Pd, Pd resinate, Cr resinate and an organic vehicle. Preferably, the Pd resinate contains sulfur in the molecule. Also preferably, the paste contains the Pd resinate in an amount of about 2.0-3.0 parts by weight as Pd, based on 100 parts by weight of Pd in the metal powder, and the Cr resinate in an amount of about 0.03-0.12 parts by weight as Cr.sub.2 O.sub.3, based on 100 parts by weight of the metal powder.

Abstract: There is provided a data process apparatus comprises user ID (identification) storage means for storing a user ID which represents a user, a movement information storage means for storing information representing movement of the user, an input means for inputting data to be sent to the user corresponding to the user ID stored in the user ID storage means and transfer means for transferring the data input by the input means, on the basis of the information stored in the movement information storage means. Accordingly, in a case where the user changes the using data process apparatus (pre-change data process apparatus), the user utilize the changed data process apparatus (post-change data process apparatus) in the same manner as for the pre-change data process apparatus, only by a simple operation for changing registration of such the user.

Abstract: A photosensitive drum includes a cylindrical member having a photosensitive body disposed thereon, and first and second helical gears arranged axially side-by-side on one end of the cylindrical member. The first helical gear is disposed axially outward of the second helical gear, and the first helical gear has an outer diameter greater than an outer diameter of the second helical gear. The first helical gear meshes with a drive gear to rotatingly drive the drum. A sleeve gear of a developing sleeve is selectively engaged with one of the first and second helical gears, depending upon a kind of toner used.

Abstract: The first glass substrate having the first pressure admitting entrance for leading the pressure of fluid to be measured, is arranged at a side of a diaphragm of a pressure sensor, for measuring differential pressure. The second glass substrate is arranged at the side opposite to the first glass substrate, a spacer being sandwiched therebetween. The second pressure admitting entrance is formed at the second glass substrate, at the position opposite to the first presser admitting entrance of the first glass substrate. The first conductive film and the second conductive film are formed on two surfaces facing to each other, of the first and second glass substrates, respectively. By measuring the specific conductance and the dielectric constant of the object fluid between the two conductive films, these physical constants indicating the quality of the fluid, the quality of the fluid can be also detected.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for developing a latent image formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member include a toner container for containing toner to be used for developing the latent image, a light transmitting member for transmitting light for detecting that an amount of the toner in the toner container is smaller than a predetermined level, a cleaning member for cleaning the light transmitting member, a stirring member reciprocating device for reciprocating a stirring member, and a cleaning member reciprocation device for reciprocating the cleaning member with a degree of displacement larger than that of the stirring member.

Abstract: A developing unit including a developer container for accommodating a developer, a first window portion which is formed in an upper portion of the developer container and through which light passes, a second window portion which is formed in a lower portion of the developer container and through which light passes, a first wiping member for wiping the first window portion, a second wiping member for wiping the second window portion, and a holding member for holding the first wiping member and the second wiping member at opposite ends of said holding member, wherein the holding member performs a reciprocating operation with respect to a supporting point.