Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and an electrostatic image forming unit including an electrification device, which is disposed in contact with the image bearing member at an electrification location for performing injection electrification of the image bearing member. The apparatus is configured to change a peripheral speed difference between the electrification device and the image bearing member in accordance with a first period when an area of said image bearing member, which is to be an image forming area, is present in the electrification position; and a second period in which at least a particle of an area of said image bearing member, the area being a no-image area is present in the electrification position. The peripheral speed in the second period is smaller than the peripheral speed in the first period.

Abstract: The present invention easies a connection between electrodes of a capillary array device and a connection plate for supplying a high voltage to the electrodes.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charging member, contactable to the image bearing member, for electrically charging the image bearing member at a charging position; developing means for developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with a developer; wherein when a first area on the image bearing member which is going to be an image formation area is at the charging position, the charging member moves with a peripheral speed difference relative to the image bearing member, and when a second area on the image bearing member which is a part of an area which is going to be a non-image formation area is at the charging position, the charging member moves substantially without a peripheral speed difference relative to the image bearing member, and wherein a collecting electric field is formed for collecting the developer from the second area to the developing means.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a rotatable image bearing member; a charging rotatable member, contactable to the image bearing member at a contact position, for electrically charging the image bearing member, the charging rotatable member being rotatable for counterdirectional peripheral movement relative to rotation of the image bearing member at the contact position; developing means for developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with a developer, the developing means being capable of collecting a residual developer from the image bearing member; and wherein start of rotation of the charging rotatable member is simultaneous with or prior to start of rotation of the image bearing member.

Abstract: Sound picked up by a microphone of a first sound field is reproduced by a speaker of a second sound field, and a sound picked up by a microphone of the second sound field is reproduced by the speaker of the first sound field. Sound pressure detection section detects a sound pressure of a sound present in the second (or first) sound field picked up by the microphone of the second (or first) sound field, other than a sound reproduced by the speaker of the first (or second) sound field. Other sound pressure detection section detects a sound pressure with which the sound picked up by the microphone of the second (or first) sound field and reproduced by the speaker of the first (or second) sound field is picked up by the microphone of the first (or second) sound field. Sound-pressure-difference detection section adjusts a gain of an automatic gain adjustment section in such a manner that the two detected sound pressures assume a predetermined relationship.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer carrying member carrying thereon a developer having a magnetic substance. The developer carried on the developer carrying member contacts an image holding member in a developing portion. A regulating member abuts against the developer carried on the developer carrying member and regulates the layer thickness of the developer carried on the developer carrying member. A DC electric field forming unit forms a DC electric field between the developer carrying member and the regulating member. The intensity of the electric field formed between the developer carrying member and the regulating member being 10×106 to 28.3×106 (V/m).

Abstract: A multi-focus capillary array that can reduce crosstalk and a capillary array photodetector are provided. On a substrate 20 on which a plurality of capillaries are aligned, a perforation 72 is formed in at least a part of an area in the rear of the capillaries when the capillary array is viewed from the photodetector.

Abstract: The present invention easies a connection between electrodes of a capillary array device and a connection plate for supplying a high voltage to the electrodes.

Abstract: An image forming system selects any one of plural image forming modes including a first mode, wherein an image forming process is performed such that plural images are arranged on an identical face of a sheet. The system performs the image forming process based on the selected image forming mode and inhibits a working process for the sheets on which the images have been formed When printing is performed for a postcard or the like, the system shortens a printing time necessary to print an output result desired by a user, obviates a user's erroneous operation, and prevents creating an unpurposed output matter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus in which an electrostatic latent image is formed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member with digital light, and electrostatically developed with a developer to form a developed image. The apparatus has an exposure device for normally increasing the reflection density only in a specified region on the photosensitive member in a white image portion where no image is basically formed, in the horizontal scanning direction of the digital light. For example, a small amount of developer is supplied to either end of the photosensitive member having the tendency that the amount of the developer supplied is small, thereby preventing the occurrence of image flow at either end.

Abstract: A photosensitive member which can prevent occurrence of a streak image due to wear of a surface of the photosensitive member while preventing occurrence of image-flow is provided, and an average particle diameter of a scraped particle obtained from a surface of the photosensitive member by the rubbing of a cleaning member is 9.0 &mgr;m or less.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charge member, contactable to the image bearing member, for electrically charging the image bearing member, the charge member being capable of being supplied with a voltage; developing means for developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with a developer; wherein the charge member is rotatable so as to provide a first peripheral speed difference between a surface of charge member and a surface of the image bearing member when the image bearing member is charged for image formation; wherein there is provided a cleaning period for transferring the developer from the charge member to the image bearing member with a second peripheral speed difference, which is smaller than the first peripheral speed difference, between the surface charge member of and surface of the image bearing member, when a charging operation for the image formation is not effected to the image bearing member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device is constituted by a chiral smectic liquid crystal to form a plurality of pixels. The chiral smectic liquid crystal has a temperature-dependent tilt angle characteristic satisfying the following relationship: Ĥ10−Ĥ1≦4.0 degrees, wherein Ĥ10 denotes a tilt angle at a temperature which is 10° C. lower than an upper limit temperature of chiral smectic C phase and Ĥ1 denotes a tilt angle at a temperature which is 1° C. lower than the upper limit temperature.

Abstract: To obtain proper output results regardless of the type of recording sheets and obtain the user's desired output results without having the user perform cumbersome operations, the user operates an operating section to select a sheet feeding stage, gives an instruction to start copying, and then a controller section 15 of an image forming apparatus determines whether or not a 180° rotation mode for rotating image data through 180° is set and/or whether or not preprint sheets are used for recording. If the answer is negative, the image data are output based on normal settings. On the other hand, if the answer is affirmative, the image data are output after being rotated through 180°.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus that forms images of originals on sheets, and includes a plurality of feeders for feeding sheets, a memory for storing sheet types in association with said plurality of feeders, and storing the order of priority between the sheet types, and a selector for selecting one of the plurality of feeders to be used for a sheet feeding operation in accordance with the sheet types and the order of priority stored in the memory.

Abstract: The present application discloses a method of manufacturing a spacer having an excellent characteristic, and more particularly a method of efficiently manufacturing the spacer. Specifically, in a method of manufacturing a spacer used in an electron beam generating device, there is provided a step of providing a material for forming a film on a film formation surface of a spacer base substance in a state where the spacer base substance is nipped, wherein the material providing step is achieved in a state where the film formation surface is not projected from an end portion of a nipping member for nipping the spacer base substance.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charge member, contactable to the image bearing member, for electrically charging the image bearing member, the charge member being capable of being supplied with a voltage; developing means for developing an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with a developer; wherein the charge member is rotatable so as to provide a first peripheral speed difference between a surface of charge member and a surface of the image bearing member when the image bearing member is charged for image formation; wherein there is provided a cleaning period for transferring the developer from the charge member to the image bearing member with a second peripheral speed difference, which is smaller than the first peripheral speed difference, between the surface charge member of and surface of the image bearing member, when a charging operation for the image formation is not effected to the image bearing member.

Abstract: When printing is performed for a postcard or the like, the present invention aims to shorten a printing time necessary to print an output result desired by a user, obviate a user's erroneous operation, prevent from creating an unpurposed output matter, and create a user's desired output result. In order to do so, the present invention provides an image forming system which selects any of plural image forming modes including a first mode, in the first mode an image forming process is performed such that the plural images are arranged on an identical face of the sheet, performs the image forming process based on the selected image forming mode, and inhibits a working process for the sheets on which the images were formed, according as the first mode is selected.

Abstract: In an electroconductive paste comprising a nickel powder for use in forming internal electrodes of a laminated ceramic capacitor, particles of nickel powder contained in the electroconductive paste have an average particle size D of about 0.5 &mgr;m or less, and the crystal particle size dc of a nickel crystal contained in each particle of the nickel powder is made to be less than about 20% of the average particle size D.

Abstract: A capillary array includes a light detection portion, a sample supply portion, a buffer solution supply portion and a voltage application portion which are necessary functions for electrophoresis, thereby, when assembling the capillary array into an electrophoresis apparatus, the same can be immediately used. Accordingly, a capillary array is provided which can be easily incorporated into an electrophoresis apparatus.