Abstract: Compounds represented by the general formula (I): 1

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member, a charging rotary member rotating while contacting with the image bearing member, and a slide friction sheet contacting with the charging rotary member along an axial direction of the charging rotary member for dispersing contamination adhered to the charging rotary member.

Abstract: A developing apparatus, which can obtain a stable toner charging amount even if a developer charging member is contaminated by toner and reduce reversal fog to reduce toner consumption, has a developer carrying body for carrying a developer to a developing position, and a developer charging member contacted with the developer to charge the developer, wherein the developer includes toner and conductive particles.

Abstract: A method of detecting the end of the life of an image bearing member has: a contact time detecting step of detecting the contact time when a developer carrying member that can be in contact with or have a clearance with an image bearing member contacts the image bearing member, the developer carrying member developing an electrostatic image formed in the image bearing member by a developer; and a determining step of determining the end of the life of the image bearing member in accordance with a parameter calculated by using the contact time detected in the contact time detecting step.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developing container for containing a developer therein. A developing carrying member, provided in an opening portion of the developing container, for developing an electrostatic image on an image bearing member, the developer carrying member having a rubber layer and a surface layer on the rubber layer. A seal member is provided in the opening portion for preventing leakage of the developer from an end portion of the opening portion. The seal member provided in the opening portion for preventing leakage of the developer from an end portion of the opening portion, wherein the seal member is in contact with the surface layer except for an end edge thereof.

Abstract: A method of detecting life of an image bearing member has: a contact time detecting step of detecting contact time when a developer carrying member that can be in contact with or have a clearance with an image bearing member contacts the image bearing member, the developer carrying member developing an electrostatic image formed in the image bearing member by a developer; and a determining step of determining life of the image bearing member in accordance with a parameter calculated by using the contact time detected in the contact time detecting step.

Abstract: A developing apparatus in which a developer is prevented from attaching to a developer electrifying member. The developing apparatus has a developer carrying body, a regulating member, and a developer carrying member, wherein during a period when developing action is not conducted by the developer carrying body and residual developer is being cleaned, there is a first period during which a first electric field is formed in a direction in which the developer normally charged moves from the developer carrying body to the developer charging member and after the first period there is a second period during which a second electric field is formed in a direction in which the developer normally charged moves from the developer charging member to the developer carrying body.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I): 1

Abstract: An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge have a wide optimum range of the toner charging amount and produce an excellent gradient and have an image bearing body and a developer carrying body. The electrostatic capacity of the image bearing body per cm2 is not less than 150 pF and not greater than 600 pF.

Abstract: In a developing apparatus having the configuration of charging toner on the developing roller with the toner charging roller, toner charging roller contacts to the developing roller. Since toner adheres onto the toner charging roller by applying the voltage higher than a starting voltage in the developing apparatus, electrifying property of the toner charging roller drops. This causes low image quality since stable charges cannot be given to the toner on the developing roller. Therefore, they are provided, a developing apparatus and an image forming apparatus that can always offer good image quality by preventing adhesion of a developing material to a developer-charging member and always giving stable charges to a developer bearing body and developer.

Abstract: A method of detecting life of an image bearing member has: a contact time detecting step of detecting contact time when a developer carrying member that can be in contact with or have a clearance with an image bearing member contacts the image bearing member, the developer carrying member developing an electrostatic image formed in the image bearing member by a developer; and a determining step of determining life of the image bearing member in accordance with a parameter calculated by using the contact time detected in the contact time detecting step.

Abstract: Compounds of general structural formula I such as that shown in structural formula II are selective NPY Y5 receptor antagonists, useful in the treatment of obesity and the complications associated therewith.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I): 1

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula (I): 1

Abstract: A method for treating a cardiovascular disorder, which involves administering to a patient in need a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I): wherein Ar1 represents an aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted, the substituent being selected from the group consisting of halogen, nitro, lower alkyl, halo(lower) alkyl, hydroxy(lower) alkyl, cyclo(lower) alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, halo(lower) alkoxy, lower alkylthio, carboxyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkoxycarbonyl, lower alkylene optionally substituted with oxo, and a group represented by the formula —Q—Ar2; Ar2 represents an aryl or heteroaryl which may be substituted, the substituent being selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, lower alkyl, halo(lower) alkyl, hydroxy(lower) alkyl, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, halo(lower) alkoxy, lower alkylamino, di-lower alkylamino, lower alkanoyl and aryl: n represents 0 or 1; Q represents a single bond or carbonyl; T, U, V and W each independently re

Abstract: The image forming apparatus has an image bearing member, and a developer carrying member which carries a developer to develop an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member with the developer. In the image forming apparatus, a time period during which a peripheral velocity of the developer carrying member is lower than that during a development period is set in a non-development period.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image forming apparatus which comprises an image bearing member, a charging rotary member rotating while contacting with the image bearing member, and a slide friction sheet contacting with the charging rotary member along an axial direction of the charging rotary member for dispersing a contamination adhered to the charging rotary member.

Abstract: A cleaning device for removing toner remaining on an image carrier carrying a toner image after toner on the image carrier has been transferred to another material, the cleaning device including: a conductive brush roller to which a bias voltage of a polarity that is the same as the proper polarity of toner for use in development is applied in order to remove that portion of the toner remaining on the image carrier after the image transfer process whose polarity has become opposite to the proper polarity of toner for use in development; a roller electrode which comes into contact with the bush roller and to which a bias that is of a polarity opposite to that of the brush roller is applied to electrostatically attract the toner adhering to the conductive brush; and scraping device for scraping off the toner adhering to this roller electrode, wherein that portion of the toner remaining on the image carrier after the image transfer process whose polarity has become opposite to the proper polarity of toner is rem

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprising an image-bearing member for holding thereon an electrostatic latent image; a charging means for charging the surface of the image-bearing member electrostatically; an exposure unit for forming the electrostatic latent image on the image-bearing member by exposing to light the image-bearing member having been charged by the charging means; and a developing unit which has at least a toner-carrying member for carrying and transporting a toner thereon and developing the electrostatic latent image by a contact developing system to form a toner image. In the triboelectric series relationship between the toner and a surface layer of the image-bearing member, the surface layer of the image-bearing member has a charge polarity which is a different polarity with respect to the charge polarity of the toner in the developing unit.

Abstract: Compounds of general structural formula I such as that shown in structural formula II 1