Abstract: A reactor of the present disclosure includes a solid electrolyte having a first surface and a second surface; a plurality of first electrodes arranged on the first surface; a plurality of second electrodes arranged on the second surface; a first substrate having a plurality of first recesses on one main surface thereof; and a second substrate having a plurality of second recesses on one main surface thereof. The first substrate is arranged on the solid electrolyte in such a manner that each of the first recesses faces one of the first electrodes. The second substrate is arranged on the solid electrolyte in such a manner that each of the second recesses faces one of the second electrodes. A plurality of first chambers and a plurality of second chambers are formed in the reactor. At least one of the plurality of first chambers is arranged so as to overlap two or more of the plurality of second chambers when the reactor is viewed from a direction perpendicular to the one main surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A power-generating vibration sensor according to the present disclosure includes a power generation device that converts vibration into power and outputs vibration information, a first power system that extracts the output vibration information, and a second power system that is connected to the power generation device and supplies the power to a transmitter for transmitting the vibration information extracted by the first power system.

Abstract: A detection system of a test substance, includes: a magnetic body that is modified by a first substance capable of being bound to the test substance at a first binding site of the test substance; a marker that is modified by a second substance capable of being bound to the test substance at a second binding site of the test substance, the second coupling site being a different site from the first binding site; a development medium that has a flow passage into which liquid, in which the magnetic body and the marker is dispersed, flows due to a capillary phenomenon, the development medium having a detection position for detecting the marker in a portion of the flow passage, the development medium having light transparency at least in the detection position; and a magnetic force generating portion that is equipped in the development medium.

Abstract: Provided is a tire sensing system that reduces the power consumption, size, weight, and cost, while suppressing an increase in fuel consumption of moving means. The tire sensing system is adapted to monitor state of a tire or a road surface from vibration information to perform safety control of the moving means having the tire. The tire sensing system includes a sensor disposed in a position of an inner surface of the tire where the sensor can sense the vibration, a receiver for receiving the information sent from the sensor, and a control means for controlling the moving means on the basis of the information from the receiver. The state is estimated from first vibration applied to the sensor upon contact with the road surface via the tire, second vibration applied to the sensor upon departure from the road surface, and a contact time from the contact to the departure.

Abstract: A vibration power generator includes: a fixed substrate; a first fixed electrode piece disposed on the fixed substrate, the first fixed electrode piece having a first width of 2w; a second fixed electrode piece disposed on the fixed substrate, the second fixed electrode piece having a second width of 2w; a cover substrate disposed with a space g from the fixed substrate, the cover substrate being opposed to the fixed substrate; a vibrating body disposed between the fixed substrate and the cover substrate; and an electret electrode piece disposed on a side opposed to the first fixed electrode piece and the second fixed electrode piece of the vibrating body, the electret electrode piece having a width that is greater than 2w and less than or equal to 2w+s.

Abstract: A MEMS switch is provided wherein contact force sufficient to make a contact having low contact resistance is maintained after contact-formation to maintain low contact resistance at the signal transmission contact in “on” state. Provided is a MEMS switch 100 including a first electrode 101, a second electrode 104 opposed to and separated from the first electrode, a third and a fourth electrodes 1021 and 1022, wherein electrical contact is made between the electrodes 101 and 104 by electrostatic force generated between the electrode 101 and the electrodes 1021, 1022, and a bump which can form the contact between the electrode 101 and the electrode 1021 and/or 1022 is provided on the electrode 101, and a gap is formed between the electrode 101 and the electrode 1021 and/or 1022 when the electrical contact is made, and control signals are input to the electrodes 1021 and 1022 independently.

Abstract: A MEMS resonator includes a beam oscillator that oscillates mechanically when an electrostatic force is applied. A supporter oscillates along with the oscillator and supports the oscillator; and at least one electrode includes an opposing face to the oscillator across a gap, wherein an electric current generated by the oscillation of the oscillator is output through an output terminal connected with the oscillator or electrode. The oscillator oscillates in a torsional resonance mode with a center being a longitudinal axis of the oscillator, and opposing faces of the oscillator and the electrode are made of semiconductors of which the conductive types are different from each other. Additionally, a surface part of the oscillator including the opposing face is doped with an impurity at a higher density than other part of the oscillator.

Abstract: A MEMS switch in which contact force sufficient to make a contact having low contact resistance is maintained after contact-formation to maintain low contact resistance at the contact where the signal is transmitted in an “on” state. The MEMS switch includes a first electrode, a second electrode opposed to and separated from the first electrode, a third and a fourth electrodes, wherein electrical contact is made between the electrodes by electrostatic force generated between the electrodes, and a bump which can form the contact between the electrodes is provided on an electrode, and a gap is formed between the electrodes when the electrical contact is made between the electrodes.

Abstract: A vibration power generator is provided that increases output power by improving the electrostatic capacitance when the area of the overlap between electret electrodes and counter electrodes is maximum while having the function of limiting the spread of the electric field from the electret electrodes.

Abstract: A sampling filter device wherein the filter characteristic is variable without using a control signal of a complicated waveform is provided. A sampling filter device 105 has integration capacitors 130 and 131, an integration time adjustment section 180, and a plurality of switches 100, 101, 110, and 111. Input current is integrated in different time duration with one clock and is stored in the integration capacitors 130 and 131 and charges stored in the integration capacitor from several clocks before to one clock before are added and the result is output. When charge is stored in the integration capacitors 130 and 131 with each clock, the integration time duration is changed, whereby it is made possible to weight and add output charge and the filter characteristic changes.

Abstract: A vibration power generator comprises: a fixed substrate; a vibrating body having a surface opposed to the fixed substrate, the vibrating body being vibratable to the fixed substrate; electret electrodes aligned in a vibration direction on one of the surface of the fixed substrate and the surface of the vibrating body; and first fixed electrodes and second fixed electrodes alternately aligned in the vibration direction on the other thereof, wherein when the vibrating body is at a resting position, each of the electret electrodes overlaps with both electrodes of a corresponding fixed electrode pair, the corresponding fixed electrode pair being one of the first fixed electrodes and one of the second fixed electrodes that are opposed to the electret electrode, and when the vibrating body is not at a resting position, each of the electret electrodes always overlaps with at least one electrode of the corresponding fixed electrode pair.

Abstract: Provided is a micro-electro-mechanical generator including: a first substrate configured to hold an electric charge on a surface of the substrate, and to have an electret film continuously provided on the surface; a second substrate having a collecting electrode provided on a surface facing the electret film; and a movable substrate having conductive property, disposed between the first and the second substrates, and supported movably along a predetermined direction with respect to the first and the second substrates. The movable substrate includes an opening penetrating through the movable substrate from a side of the first substrate to a side of the second substrate and allowing an electric field emitted from the electret film to pass through.

Abstract: A vibration power generator is provided that increases output power by improving the electrostatic capacitance when the area of the overlap between electret electrodes and counter electrodes is maximum while having the function of limiting the spread of the electric field from the electret electrodes.

Abstract: A power generator includes a power generating device that generates a power by receiving vibration, and a power converter that converts the output of the power generating device. The power generating device outputs powers through a first system and a second system. The power converter is driven by receiving the output of the second system from the power generating device, and converts the output of the first system from the power generating device into another power.

Abstract: In a MEMS element 500 where a MEMS structure 201 is hermetically sealed in a cavity 110 by a substrate 301 and laminated structure 120, interface sealing layers 101, 102 and 103 are provided between two layers that constitute the laminated structure 120, so as to prevent gas from breaking into the cavity 110 through the interface between two layers along the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate 301.

Abstract: In a MEMS element 500 where a MEMS structure 201 is hermetically sealed in a cavity 110 by a substrate 301 and laminated structure 120, interface sealing layers 101, 102 and 103 are provided between two layers that constitute the laminated structure 120, so as to prevent gas from breaking into the cavity 110 through the interface between two layers along the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate 301.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly reliable inductive vibration power generator wherein mechanical damping caused by the phenomenon of electrostatic pulling-in (stiction) and the like is suppressed even if the potential of an electret is increased and/or the gap between an electrode and the electret is reduced in order to increase the amount of power generation. The two surfaces of a movable substrate are respectively provided with first electrets and second electrets. By means of providing first electrodes and second electrodes to a lower substrate and an upper substrate and facing the respective electrets with a predetermined gap therebetween, electrostatic force is caused to arise on both sides of the movable substrate, and the pulling of the movable substrate in only one direction is prevented.

Abstract: Provided are a direct sampling circuit and a receiver using a discrete time analog process and having a filter effect of a steep attenuation characteristic in a narrow-pass band without lowering a sampling rate. In a discrete time direct sampling circuit (13), the positive phase side and the inverse phase side are both sampled by a local signal for a differential current output of a differential voltage/current conversion unit (1011) and electric charge is accumulated in a charge sampling capacitor. The latest accumulated charge at the positive phase side and charge accumulated at the inverse phase side before a predetermined number of samples are combined with the charge accumulated in a history capacitor (1043) in the past. Thus, it is possible to realize equivalently high-degree FIR filter characteristic.

Abstract: There are provided a sampling filter that enables a filter characteristic to be adjusted flexibly, and a radio communication apparatus equipped with this sampling filter. A sampling filter apparatus (100) is equipped with four integration units (150-1 through 150-4) corresponding to the number of filter taps, and some of the integration units (150-1 through 150-4) include an integrator having an MEMS structure. By this means, a charge amount (accumulated charge amount) of a received signal integrated by an integrator can be adjusted by adjusting the capacity of an integrator having an MEMS structure. A received signal amount emitted from an integration unit can also be adjusted by adjustment of the integration amount of a received signal, enabling the filter characteristic of the sampling filter apparatus (100) to be adjusted flexibly.

Abstract: A MEMS resonator 200 includes: a beam oscillator 101 that oscillates mechanically when an electrostatic force is applied; a supporter that oscillatably supports the oscillator 101; and at least one electrode 102 that includes an opposing face to the oscillator 101 across a gap 103, wherein an electric current generated by the oscillation of the oscillator 101 is output through an output terminal connected with the oscillator 101 or electrode 102, the oscillator 101 oscillates in a torsional resonance mode with a center being a longitudinal axis of the oscillator 101, an opposing faces of the oscillator 101 and the electrode 102 are made of semiconductors of which conductive types are different from each other, and a surface part 111 of the oscillator 101 including the opposing face is doped with an impurity at a higher density than other part of the oscillator 101.