Abstract: A semiconductor substrate includes a base substrate, a first epitaxial layer having a first conductivity type on the base substrate, a second epitaxial layer having the first conductivity type on the first epitaxial layer, a first well region having a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, in the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer, and a second well region which is spaced apart from the first well region and has the second conductivity type, in the first epitaxial layer and the second epitaxial layer, wherein a doping concentration of the first epitaxial layer is greater than a doping concentration of the second epitaxial layer, and a depth of each of the first well region and the second well region is greater than a thickness of the second epitaxial layer.

Abstract: An image sensor substrate includes a semiconductor substrate layer and a semiconductor epitaxial layer on the substrate layer. The semiconductor substrate layer has a boron (B) doping concentration therein in a range from 3×1018 cm?3 to 1×1019 cm?3, whereas the semiconductor epitaxial layer has a boron (B) doping concentration therein in a range from 1×1016 cm?3 to 6×1016 cm?3.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer includes a wafer body including an active layer having a first crystal orientation and having first and second surfaces opposing each other, and a support layer having a second crystal orientation different from the first crystal orientation and having third and fourth surfaces opposing each other, a bevel portion that extends along an outer periphery of the wafer body to connect the first surface to the fourth surface, and a notch portion formed at a predetermined depth in a direction from the outer periphery of the wafer body toward a center portion of the wafer body. The bevel portion includes a first beveled surface connected to the first surface and a second beveled surface connected to the fourth surface. The first beveled surface has a width in a radial direction of the wafer body that is 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer includes a wafer body including an active layer having a first crystal orientation and having first and second surfaces opposing each other, and a support layer having a second crystal orientation different from the first crystal orientation and having third and fourth surfaces opposing each other, a bevel portion that extends along an outer periphery of the wafer body to connect the first surface to the fourth surface, and a notch portion formed at a predetermined depth in a direction from the outer periphery of the wafer body toward a center portion of the wafer body. The bevel portion includes a first beveled surface connected to the first surface and a second beveled surface connected to the fourth surface. The first beveled surface has a width in a radial direction of the wafer body that is 300 ?m or less.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate includes a main surface inclined by a first off-angle greater than 0° from a first direction parallel to a crystal plane, with respect to the crystal plane, in a first radial direction of the main surface, and a notch disposed toward the first direction, at an edge of the main surface in the first radial direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for whitening comprising a Caragana sinica root extract, and more specifically relates to a cosmetic composition having an outstanding skin-whitening effect, the composition comprising a Caragana sinica root extract, a fraction thereof or ?-viniferin isolated therefrom. In the present invention, the Caragana sinica root extract, fraction thereof or ?-viniferin isolated therefrom inhibits tyrosinase activity and suppresses melanin production and is therefore effective in skin whitening.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction comprising, as an active ingredient, a Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction and, more specifically, to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction, wherein the Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction includes at least one gypenoside selected from the group consisting of gypenoside UL1, gypenoside UL2, gypenoside UL3, gypenoside UL4, gypenoside UL5, gypenoside UL6, and gypenoside UL7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Nelumbo nucifera callus having an increased content of gallic acid or an extract thereof and to a method for preparing the same. The Nelumbo nucifera callus extract according to the present invention has an excellent whitening effect by containing a large amount of gallic acid, and thus can be advantageously used as a cosmetic composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising natural plant extracts for alleviating inflammation caused by yellow dust and fine particulate, wherein the plant extracts of the present invention inhibit a production of NO caused by the yellow dust and fine particulate and a production of inflammatory cytokines, thus having an excellent effect on preventing or alleviating skin inflammation caused by the yellow dust, fine particulate and other harmful substances.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate includes a main surface inclined by a first off-angle greater than 0° from a first direction parallel to a crystal plane, with respect to the crystal plane, in a first radial direction of the main surface, and a notch disposed toward the first direction, at an edge of the main surface in the first radial direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is provided. The semiconductor wafer includes a wafer body including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a bevel portion disposed along an outer circumference of the wafer body and including an inclined surface, an outermost point, a first surface end portion connecting the bevel portion to the first surface and a second surface end portion connecting the bevel portion to the second surface. A first bevel angle between a first tangential direction of the inclined surface and the first surface corresponds to a capillary force of a fluid on the first surface, and a first bevel length between the first surface end portion and the outermost point along a first direction substantially parallel to the first surface corresponds to a first surface flatness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to Nelumbo nucifera callus having an increased content of gallic acid or an extract thereof and to a method for preparing the same. The Nelumbo nucifera callus extract according to the present invention has an excellent whitening effect by containing a large amount of gallic acid, and thus can be advantageously used as a cosmetic composition.

Abstract: A semiconductor wafer is provided. The semiconductor wafer includes a wafer body including a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; and a bevel portion disposed along an outer circumference of the wafer body and including an inclined surface, an outermost point, a first surface end portion connecting the bevel portion to the first surface and a second surface end portion connecting the bevel portion to the second surface. A first bevel angle between a first tangential direction of the inclined surface and the first surface corresponds to a capillary force of a fluid on the first surface, and a first bevel length between the first surface end portion and the outermost point along a first direction substantially parallel to the first surface corresponds to a first surface flatness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction comprising, as an active ingredient, a Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction and, more specifically, to a cosmetic composition for wrinkle reduction, wherein the Gynostemma pentaphyllum gypenoside fraction includes at least one gypenoside selected from the group consisting of gypenoside UL1, gypenoside UL2, gypenoside UL3, gypenoside UL4, gypenoside UL5, gypenoside UL6, and gypenoside UL7.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition comprising natural plant extracts for alleviating inflammation caused by yellow dust and fine particulate, wherein the plant extracts of the present invention inhibit a production of NO caused by the yellow dust and fine particulate and a production of inflammatory cytokines, thus having an excellent effect on preventing or alleviating skin inflammation caused by the yellow dust, fine particulate and other harmful substances.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cosmetic composition for whitening comprising a Caragana sinica root extract, and more specifically relates to a cosmetic composition having an outstanding skin-whitening effect, the composition comprising a Caragana sinica root extract, a fraction thereof or ?-viniferin isolated therefrom. In the present invention, the Caragana sinica root extract, fraction thereof or ?-viniferin isolated therefrom inhibits tyrosinase activity and suppresses melanin production and is therefore effective in skin whitening.

Abstract: A comment data acquisition unit acquires comment data for display over a display image, and a superimposition processing unit 162 generates a superimposition image from the comment data. The comment data includes a scaling factor or information related to the scaling factor, and a display requirement determination unit determines whether the scaling factor of the display image and either a scaling factor or information related to the scaling factor included in comment data are in a predetermined relationship. When the scaling factor of the display image and either the scaling factor or the information related to the scaling factor included in the comment data are in the predetermined relationship, a superimposition image generation unit generates a comment image using display information included in the comment data.

Abstract: A displayed image generation unit enlarges, reduces, or scrolls a displayed image in accordance with a command for change from a user. When a clip command receiving unit receives a clip command, a clipping area identification unit identifies an area to be clipped according to the clip command. A thumbnail image generation unit generates a thumbnail image corresponding to the identified area. A positional information acquisition unit acquires positional information identifying a position of the identified area in an image as a whole. A content ID acquisition unit acquires identification information identifying an image when the clipping command is received. A hard disk drive maps the identification information, the thumbnail image, and the positional information and stores the mapped information.

Abstract: A comment data acquisition unit acquires comment data for display over a display image, and a superimposition processing unit 162 generates a superimposition image from the comment data. The comment data includes a scaling factor or information related to the scaling factor, and a display requirement determination unit determines whether the scaling factor of the display image and either a scaling factor or information related to the scaling factor included in comment data are in a predetermined relationship. When the scaling factor of the display image and either the scaling factor or the information related to the scaling factor included in the comment data are in the predetermined relationship, a superimposition image generation unit generates a comment image using display information included in the comment data.

Abstract: A displayed image generation unit enlarges, reduces, or scrolls a displayed image in accordance with a command for change from a user. When a clip command receiving unit receives a clip command, a clipping area identification unit identifies an area to be clipped according to the clip command. A thumbnail image generation unit generates a thumbnail image corresponding to the identified area. A positional information acquisition unit acquires positional information identifying a position of the identified area in an image as a whole. A content ID acquisition unit acquires identification information identifying an image when the clipping command is received. A hard disk drive maps the identification information, the thumbnail image, and the positional information and stores the mapped information.