Abstract: A novel compound for a capping layer, and an organic light-emitting device containing the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a cooling apparatus in which a coolant is circulated, a compressor to compress a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line and configured to evaporate the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, a gas injection device provided in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator and configured to selectively expand and flow the refrigerant and selectively supply some of the refrigerant to the compressor, a refrigerant connection line including a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device between the compressor and the evaporator, and a chiller in the refrigerant connection line for adjusting a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchange.

Abstract: An embodiment thermal management system of a vehicle includes an air supply device that draws and supplies ambient air. An air cycle apparatus connected to the air supply device that compresses or expands the air to be changed to a high or low temperature air. An air distribution device is connected to the air cycle apparatus and a cabin room connected to the air distribution device that receives the high or low temperature air. A first heat-exchanger connected to the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the high temperature air and a second heat-exchanger connected to the first heat-exchanger and the air cycle apparatus performs heat-exchange on the air. The second heat-exchanger and the air distribution device are selectively connected and the air having heat-exchanged while passing through the second heat-exchanger is selectively supplied to the air distribution device.

Abstract: A hydrogen supply method includes a two-side heat exchange mode in which both introducing a second fluid into a hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with a first fluid in a second heat exchanger in a state in which a compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in a thermal device are performed. The method also includes a one-side heat exchange mode in which one of introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid exchanges heat with the first fluid in the second heat exchanger in a state in which the compressor is driven to compress the first fluid and introducing the second fluid into the hydrogen storage part after the second fluid is heated or cooled in the thermal device is performed.

Abstract: A heat pump system includes a cooling apparatus in which a coolant is circulated, a compressor to compress a refrigerant, a condenser connected to the compressor through a refrigerant line and configured to condense the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, an evaporator connected to the condenser through the refrigerant line and configured to evaporate the refrigerant by heat-exchanging with the refrigerant and the coolant, a gas injection device provided in the refrigerant line between the condenser and the evaporator and configured to selectively expand and flow the refrigerant and selectively supply some of the refrigerant to the compressor, a refrigerant connection line including a first end connected to the refrigerant line and a second end connected to the gas injection device between the compressor and the evaporator, and a chiller in the refrigerant connection line for adjusting a temperature of the coolant by heat-exchange.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including: receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information; learning, by the terminal, a local model based on the federated learning-related configuration information; receiving, by the terminal, a local model weight request message; transmitting a first response message based on the received weight request message; receiving information associated with a total local model based on the first response message; transmitting a second response message based on the received information associated with the total local model; receiving resource allocation-related information based on the second response message; and performing federated learning based on the received resource allocation-related information.

Abstract: An embodiment heat pump system for a vehicle includes a cooling apparatus including a radiator and a multi-way valve connected by a first coolant line and configured to circulate a coolant in the first coolant line, a second coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a first water pump and an electrical component, a third coolant line including first and second ends connected to the multi-way valve and equipped with a second water pump and a battery module, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner device through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a temperature of the coolant circulated in the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant and to selectively supply some of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of operating a terminal according to an embodiment, including receiving, by the terminal, federated learning-related configuration information from a base station, configuring, by the terminal, a resource associated with federated learning based on the federated learning-related configuration information, transmitting, by the terminal, a differential privacy level to the base station, receiving, by the terminal, the differential privacy-related information from the base station, generating, by the terminal, a pseudo random sequence based on the differential privacy-related information, and transmitting, by the terminal, data to the base station based on the pseudo random sequence. The differential privacy-related information is based on the differential privacy level. The data is transmitted based on the configured resource.

Abstract: An embodiment is a heat pump system for a vehicle, including a first cooling device including a first radiator, a first water pump, and a first valve connected by a first coolant line, a second cooling device including a second radiator and a second water pump connected by a second coolant line, a third cooling device including a third coolant line connected to the second cooling device through a first valve, a third water pump provided on the third coolant line, and a battery module and, a chiller provided on the third coolant line, and a gas injection device configured to selectively expand a refrigerant supplied from an internal condenser included in an air conditioner and supply the expanded refrigerant to a heat exchanger of the air conditioner, and selectively supply a portion of the refrigerant to a compressor.

Abstract: The disclosed gas-liquid separation device separates, from a liquid, gas mixed in the liquid. The gas-liquid separation device includes a body configured to allow mixed fluid to be introduced into a longitudinally central portion thereof, and to have a cylindrical structure having an inner diameter gradually reduced as the body extends from the central portion to opposite ends thereof, a pair of gas discharge pipes respectively provided at the opposite ends of the body and configured to discharge, to an exterior of the body, gas separated from the mixed fluid in an interior of the body, and a pair of liquid discharge pipes respectively provided at the opposite ends of the body and configured to discharge, to the exterior of the body, the mixed fluid from which the gas has been separated.

Abstract: The present disclosure a method of operating a user equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system, the method comprising: transmitting a reference signal to a base station by the UE; receiving a response message from the base station based on the reference signal by the UE; and transmitting a local parameter of a local model to the base station by the UE, wherein the response message comprises transmission mode information, resource allocation information and feedback information of the reference signal, and wherein the transmission mode information indicates a first transmission mode or a second transmission mode, the local parameter of the local parameter is transmitted based on the indicated first transmission mode or second transmission mode, and the local parameter of the local model is related to federated learning.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separation device has a structure capable of increasing gas-liquid separation performance. The gas-liquid separation device includes: a housing including a fluid inlet passage, a liquid discharge passage, and a gas discharge passage; and a gas-liquid separation unit that is mounted inside the housing, disposed at a rear side of the fluid inlet passage. The gas-liquid separation unit separates a mixed fluid into a liquid and a gas by inducing rotation of the mixed fluid introduced into the housing through the fluid inlet passage. The gas-liquid separation device further includes a flow stabilization member provided at a rear end of the gas-liquid separation unit and configured to maintain a flow state of the liquid and the gas separated by the gas-liquid separation unit.

Abstract: A control apparatus for a compressor of a vehicle capable of turning-on/off a compressor based on coolant pressure of an air conditioner in the winter and a method thereof are provided. The control apparatus includes a compressor that is configured to reduce a temperature by compressing a coolant of an air conditioner and a controller that is configured to operate the compressor, to confirm an operation coolant pressure of the air conditioner after operating the compressor. The controller also operates the compressor based on the operation coolant pressure of a measured coolant pressure of the air conditioner when an ambient temperature of the vehicle is less than a reference temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus for a vehicle includes a cooling fan installed in an engine compartment of the vehicle. A fan motor is connected with the cooling fan to drive the cooling fan. A state detector is configured to detect state data, and a controller is configured to control the cooling fan based on the state data when an intake temperature is within a predetermined range, to determine whether the state data satisfies a decision reference condition, and to lock the fan motor according to a change rate of air conditioner refrigerant pressure during a measurement time when the state data satisfies the decision reference condition.

Abstract: A compressor control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a compressor configured to compress coolant of an air conditioner; a coolant temperature measurement unit configured to measure a coolant temperature; a data detector configured to detect state data for controlling the compressor; and a controller configured to determine an operation rate of the compressor based on the coolant temperature and the state data, and operate the compressor based on the operation rate of the compressor.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to a vehicle compressor control apparatus and control method, and more particularly to a vehicle compressor control apparatus for controlling compressor operating rate to allow braking according to brake negative pressure, while maintaining a minimum level of operation of the compressor. By preventing compressor deactivation during braking, the control apparatus assists in preventing moisture build-up of moisture on a windshield that decreases visibility for a driver and increases safety concerns. The apparatus includes: a compressor that reduces a temperature by compressing an air conditioner coolant; a data sensor that detects status data; and a controller that determines whether a brake negative pressure margin rate meets a first reference value when the status data satisfy a predetermined condition, and sets a compressor operating accordingly when the brake negative pressure margin rate meets a first reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for a vehicle includes a cooling fan installed in an engine compartment of the vehicle. A fan motor is connected with the cooling fan to drive the cooling fan. A state detector is configured to detect state data, and a controller is configured to control the cooling fan based on the state data when an intake temperature is within a predetermined range, to determine whether the state data satisfies a decision reference condition, and to lock the fan motor according to a change rate of air conditioner refrigerant pressure during a measurement time when the state data satisfies the decision reference condition.

Abstract: The disclosure herein relates to a vehicle compressor control apparatus and control method, and more particularly to a vehicle compressor control apparatus for controlling compressor operating rate to allow braking according to brake negative pressure, while maintaining a minimum level of operation of the compressor. By preventing compressor deactivation during braking, the control apparatus assists in preventing moisture build-up of moisture on a windshield that decreases visibility for a driver and increases safety concerns. The apparatus includes: a compressor that reduces a temperature by compressing an air conditioner coolant; a data sensor that detects status data; and a controller that determines whether a brake negative pressure margin rate meets a first reference value when the status data satisfy a predetermined condition, and sets a compressor operating accordingly when the brake negative pressure margin rate meets a first reference value.

Abstract: A method for forming a PN junction in graphene includes: forming a graphene layer, and forming a DNA molecule layer on a partial region of the graphene layer, the DNA molecule layer having a nucleotide sequence structure designed to provide the graphene layer with a predetermined doping property upon adsorption on the graphene layer. The DNA molecule has a nucleotide sequence structure designed for doping of graphene so that doped graphene has a specific semiconductor property. The DNA molecule is coated on the surface of the graphene layer of which the partial region is exposed by micro patterning, and thereby, PN junctions of various structures may be formed by a region coated with the DNA molecule and a non-coated region in the graphene layer.

Abstract: A compressor control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a compressor configured to compress coolant of an air conditioner; a coolant temperature measurement unit configured to measure a coolant temperature; a data detector configured to detect state data for controlling the compressor; and a controller configured to determine an operation rate of the compressor based on the coolant temperature and the state data, and operate the compressor based on the operation rate of the compressor.