Abstract: A spectrally-selective clothing fabric is disclosed. The clothing fabric can comprise an outer layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer. The outer layer can be infrared-transmissive and can comprise a polyolefin fiber and particulate fillers dispersed within the polyolefin fiber. The intermediate layer can comprise an infrared-reflective porous metallic-film on an inner surface of an infrared-transmissive porous polyolefin-membrane, wherein the porous polyolefin membrane is coupled to an inner surface of the outer layer. The inner layer can comprise a fabric coupled to an inner surface of the porous metallic film. The particulate fillers can comprise inorganic particles having an average particle size in a range of 10 nm to 4,000 nm. The porous metallic film can have pores having an average pore size in a range of 10 nm to 4,000 nm.

Abstract: A bilayer coating for thermal management has a bottom layer composed of aluminum microflakes dispersed in a Nitrile Butadiene Rubber-co-Urea (NBR-U) polymer binder, and a top layer composed of nanoparticle pigments in the NBR-U polymer binder. The top layer has a transmittance larger than 0.7 at IR wavelengths, and the bottom layer has an emissivity less than 0.4 and a reflectance larger than 0.6 in mid-IR wavelengths from 7 to 14 ?m.

Abstract: A metal-hydrogen battery includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode includes a bi-functional catalyst to catalyze both hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrogen oxidation reaction at the second electrode.

Abstract: A method including: receiving, from an application executing on a computing device and by an authentication process executing on the computing device, data representative of user credentials corresponding to the application, the authentication process being isolated from the application; packaging, by the authentication process, the data representative of user credentials with a device identification assigned to the computing device and an indication that the user credentials correspond to the application, the device identification being hidden from the application; outputting for transmission, by the authentication process and to an authentication server, an authentication request containing the packaged user credentials and device identification; receiving, by the authentication process and from the authentication server, an indication of authentication of the user credentials; and forwarding the received indication from the authentication process to the application.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for a watermark-based message queue. One of the methods includes receiving a first connection request for messages associated with a user device. A first connection session is established with the user device. A message queue of messages associated with the user device is identified, each message in the message queue is associated with a respective timestamp, and the message queue is associated with a current watermark that identifies a first timestamp. An oldest message in the message queue at the time the first connection session was established is identified. An updated watermark that identifies a second timestamp associated with the oldest message is associated with the message queue. One or more messages that have a timestamp newer than or equal to the first timestamp identified by the current watermark is provided to the user device.

Abstract: A battery electrolyte solution is that includes an organic electrolyte solution, a lithium-sulfur (Li2S) compound, soluble lithium polysulfide (Li2Sx) microparticles, and a redox mediator comprising a soluble quinone derivative.

Abstract: The invention relates, in part, to methods of unified expansion microscopy (uniExM) permitting multimodal detection of biomolecules.

Abstract: A method including: receiving, from an application executing on a computing device and by an authentication process executing on the computing device, data representative of user credentials corresponding to the application, the authentication process being isolated from the application; packaging, by the authentication process, the data representative of user credentials with a device identification assigned to the computing device and an indication that the user credentials correspond to the application, the device identification being hidden from the application; outputting for transmission, by the authentication process and to an authentication server, an authentication request containing the packaged user credentials and device identification; receiving, by the authentication process and from the authentication server, an indication of authentication of the user credentials; and forwarding the received indication from the authentication process to the application.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a cathode, a composite lithium metal anode, and an electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the composite lithium metal anode. The composite lithium metal anode includes a porous matrix and lithium metal disposed within the porous matrix.

Abstract: Described here is an air filter comprising a substrate and a network of polymeric nanofibers deposited on the substrate, wherein the air filter a removal efficiency for PM2.5 of at least 70% when a light transmittance is below 50%. Also described here is an electric air filter comprising a first layer adapted to receive a first electric voltage, wherein the first layer comprises an organic fiber coated with a conductive material. Further described is an air filter for high temperature filtration, comprising a substrate and a network of polymeric nanofibers deposited on the substrate, wherein the air filter has a removal efficiency for PM2.5 of at least 70% at a temperature of a least 70° C.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling congestion in a data network are provided. A base target round-trip time (RTT) for packets of a network flow including packets transmitted from a source network device to destination network device is obtained. A number of hops packets associated with the network flow traverse between the source network device and the destination network device is determined. A topology scaled target RTT for the network flow is determined based on the base target RTT and the determined number of hops. A congestion window size for the network flow is managed based on the topology scaled target RTT.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to nitrogen-rich silicon nitride and methods for depositing the same, and transistors and other devices containing the same. In one or more embodiments, a passivation film stack is provided and includes a silicon oxide layer disposed on a workpiece, a nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, and a hydrogen-rich silicon nitride layer disposed on the nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer. The hydrogen-rich silicon nitride layer has a greater hydrogen concentration than the nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for a watermark-based message queue. One of the methods includes receiving a first connection request for messages associated with a user device. A first connection session is established with the user device. A message queue of messages associated with the user device is identified, each message in the message queue is associated with a respective timestamp, and the message queue is associated with a current watermark that identifies a first timestamp. An oldest message in the message queue at the time the first connection session was established is identified. An updated watermark that identifies a second timestamp associated with the oldest message is associated with the message queue. One or more messages that have a timestamp newer than or equal to the first timestamp identified by the current watermark is provided to the user device.

Abstract: A system for battery charging includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions which when executed causes the at least one processor to a least: determine, based on a first output from a charging source and a second output from a pressure sensor, a differential pressure with respect to charge. Such systems are applicable to methods of charging batteries and can be used in charging batteries in electric cars and mobile devices.

Abstract: A thermoregulation article includes a metal film, a polymer film disposed on the metal film, and a colorant film disposed on the metal film. The thermoregulation article has at least one side having an average reflectivity greater than 0.5 at a wavelength of 0.3-4 ?m and an average emissivity less than 0.4 at a wavelength of 4-20 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to nitrogen-rich silicon nitride and methods for depositing the same, and transistors and other devices containing the same. In one or more embodiments, methods for depositing silicon nitride materials are provided and include heating a workpiece to a temperature of about 200° C. to about 250° C., exposing the workpiece to a deposition gas during a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and depositing a nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer on the workpiece. The deposition gas contains a silicon precursor, a nitrogen precursor, and a carrier gas. A molar ratio of the silicon precursor to the nitrogen precursor to the carrier gas within the deposition gas is about 1:a range from about 4 to about 8:a range from about 20 to about 80, respectively.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a porous polymeric base, a nanoscale metal catalyst layer disposed on the porous polymeric base, and a nanoscale electrolyte layer disposed on the metal catalyst layer. The catalyst system is used in methods to perform three-phase catalytic reactions.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid. A first porous electrode, a second porous electrode, and a third porous electrode are disposed in the conduit between the inlet and the outlet. A first porous separator is interposed between the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode. A second porous separator is interposed between the second porous electrode and the third porous electrode. A power source configured to provide power to the first porous electrode, the second porous electrode, and the third porous electrode. While the liquid is flowing through the conduit, the power source supplies a first type of voltage to the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode, and supplies a second type of voltage to the second porous electrode, the second type being opposite to the first type.

Abstract: A thermoregulation article includes a metal film, a polymer film disposed on the metal film, and a colorant film disposed on the metal film. The thermoregulation article has at least one side having an average reflectivity greater than 0.5 at a wavelength of 0.3-4 ?m and an average emissivity less than 0.4 at a wavelength of 4-20 ?m.

Abstract: A rechargeable manganese battery includes: (1) a first electrode including a porous, conductive support; (2) a second electrode including a catalyst support and a catalyst disposed over the catalyst support; and (3) an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to support reversible precipitation and dissolution of manganese at the first electrode and reversible evolution and oxidation of hydrogen at the second electrode.