Abstract: A method including: receiving, from an application executing on a computing device and by an authentication process executing on the computing device, data representative of user credentials corresponding to the application, the authentication process being isolated from the application; packaging, by the authentication process, the data representative of user credentials with a device identification assigned to the computing device and an indication that the user credentials correspond to the application, the device identification being hidden from the application; outputting for transmission, by the authentication process and to an authentication server, an authentication request containing the packaged user credentials and device identification; receiving, by the authentication process and from the authentication server, an indication of authentication of the user credentials; and forwarding the received indication from the authentication process to the application.

Abstract: A lithium battery includes a cathode, a composite lithium metal anode, and an electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the composite lithium metal anode. The composite lithium metal anode includes a porous matrix and lithium metal disposed within the porous matrix.

Abstract: Described here is an air filter comprising a substrate and a network of polymeric nanofibers deposited on the substrate, wherein the air filter a removal efficiency for PM2.5 of at least 70% when a light transmittance is below 50%. Also described here is an electric air filter comprising a first layer adapted to receive a first electric voltage, wherein the first layer comprises an organic fiber coated with a conductive material. Further described is an air filter for high temperature filtration, comprising a substrate and a network of polymeric nanofibers deposited on the substrate, wherein the air filter has a removal efficiency for PM2.5 of at least 70% at a temperature of a least 70° C.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling congestion in a data network are provided. A base target round-trip time (RTT) for packets of a network flow including packets transmitted from a source network device to destination network device is obtained. A number of hops packets associated with the network flow traverse between the source network device and the destination network device is determined. A topology scaled target RTT for the network flow is determined based on the base target RTT and the determined number of hops. A congestion window size for the network flow is managed based on the topology scaled target RTT.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to nitrogen-rich silicon nitride and methods for depositing the same, and transistors and other devices containing the same. In one or more embodiments, a passivation film stack is provided and includes a silicon oxide layer disposed on a workpiece, a nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer disposed on the silicon oxide layer, and a hydrogen-rich silicon nitride layer disposed on the nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer. The hydrogen-rich silicon nitride layer has a greater hydrogen concentration than the nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for a watermark-based message queue. One of the methods includes receiving a first connection request for messages associated with a user device. A first connection session is established with the user device. A message queue of messages associated with the user device is identified, each message in the message queue is associated with a respective timestamp, and the message queue is associated with a current watermark that identifies a first timestamp. An oldest message in the message queue at the time the first connection session was established is identified. An updated watermark that identifies a second timestamp associated with the oldest message is associated with the message queue. One or more messages that have a timestamp newer than or equal to the first timestamp identified by the current watermark is provided to the user device.

Abstract: A system for battery charging includes at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions which when executed causes the at least one processor to a least: determine, based on a first output from a charging source and a second output from a pressure sensor, a differential pressure with respect to charge. Such systems are applicable to methods of charging batteries and can be used in charging batteries in electric cars and mobile devices.

Abstract: A thermoregulation article includes a metal film, a polymer film disposed on the metal film, and a colorant film disposed on the metal film. The thermoregulation article has at least one side having an average reflectivity greater than 0.5 at a wavelength of 0.3-4 ?m and an average emissivity less than 0.4 at a wavelength of 4-20 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to nitrogen-rich silicon nitride and methods for depositing the same, and transistors and other devices containing the same. In one or more embodiments, methods for depositing silicon nitride materials are provided and include heating a workpiece to a temperature of about 200° C. to about 250° C., exposing the workpiece to a deposition gas during a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process, and depositing a nitrogen-rich silicon nitride layer on the workpiece. The deposition gas contains a silicon precursor, a nitrogen precursor, and a carrier gas. A molar ratio of the silicon precursor to the nitrogen precursor to the carrier gas within the deposition gas is about 1:a range from about 4 to about 8:a range from about 20 to about 80, respectively.

Abstract: A catalyst system includes a porous polymeric base, a nanoscale metal catalyst layer disposed on the porous polymeric base, and a nanoscale electrolyte layer disposed on the metal catalyst layer. The catalyst system is used in methods to perform three-phase catalytic reactions.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a conduit including an inlet to receive a liquid and an outlet to discharge the liquid. A first porous electrode, a second porous electrode, and a third porous electrode are disposed in the conduit between the inlet and the outlet. A first porous separator is interposed between the first porous electrode and the second porous electrode. A second porous separator is interposed between the second porous electrode and the third porous electrode. A power source configured to provide power to the first porous electrode, the second porous electrode, and the third porous electrode. While the liquid is flowing through the conduit, the power source supplies a first type of voltage to the first porous electrode and the third porous electrode, and supplies a second type of voltage to the second porous electrode, the second type being opposite to the first type.

Abstract: A thermoregulation article includes a metal film, a polymer film disposed on the metal film, and a colorant film disposed on the metal film. The thermoregulation article has at least one side having an average reflectivity greater than 0.5 at a wavelength of 0.3-4 ?m and an average emissivity less than 0.4 at a wavelength of 4-20 ?m.

Abstract: A rechargeable manganese battery includes: (1) a first electrode including a porous, conductive support; (2) a second electrode including a catalyst support and a catalyst disposed over the catalyst support; and (3) an electrolyte disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode to support reversible precipitation and dissolution of manganese at the first electrode and reversible evolution and oxidation of hydrogen at the second electrode.

Abstract: Provided herein are solvents for an electrolyte of a battery comprising fluorinated compounds of the present disclosure, batteries comprising: an anode structure including an anode current collector; a cathode structure including a cathode current collector and a cathode material disposed on the cathode current collector; and the electrolyte of the disclosure. Also provided herein are layers of a battery, comprising a fluorinated polymer compounds of the present disclosure.

Abstract: An electrical water filter device includes a plurality of porous electrodes and one or more porous separators. Each of the one or more porous separators is interposed between two adjacent porous electrodes. A respective porous electrode includes a connection portion extending outside an edge of a porous separators next to the respective porous electrode.

Abstract: Electrochemical methods using intercalation chemistry to extract Li from seawater using the TiO2-coated FePO4 electrode. The difference in the thermodynamic intercalation potentials, as well as the diffusion barriers between Li and Na, could provide near 100% selectivity towards Li interaction when Li/Na molar ratio is higher than 10-3. For lower Li/Na ratio as in the authentic seawater case, pulsed-rest and pulse-rest-reverse pulse-rest electrochemical methods were developed to lower the intercalation overpotential and it was proven to successfully boost the Li selectivity. Moreover, the pulse-rest-reverse pulse-rest method can also promote electrode crystal structure stability during the co-intercalation of Li and Na and prolong the lifetime of the electrode. Finally, 10 cycles of successful and stable Li extraction with 1:1 of Li to Na recovery from authentic seawater were demonstrated, which is equivalent to the selectivity of ˜1.8×104. Also, with lake water of higher initial Li/Na ratio of 1.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include solid-state electrolytes comprising a porous host and solid polymer electrolyte fillers dispersed within pores of the porous host. Further embodiments include batteries comprising an anode, a cathode, and a solid-state electrolyte of the disclosure disposed between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: The present embodiments relate to lithium-based batteries, and particularly to coordinated solvent molecules that can increase the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte without undermining its non-flammability. Some embodiments include a liquid-state polymer electrolyte composed of LiFSI salts, Dimethoxyethane (DME) solvents, and polysiloxane tethered with ion solvating moieties. DME coordinates with both the salt and the polymer, while together with the salt, they synergistically plasticize the polymer to increase the ionic conductivity. The resulting non-flammable polymer electrolyte has a room temperature ionic conductivity of 1.6 mS/cm and a wide operation window of 25-100° C. Benefiting from its liquid nature, the electrolyte can pair with commercially available electrodes without further cell engineering. Embodiments can extend the ionic conductivity range of polymer electrolytes and provide a new design pathway for next generation safe and manufacturable electrolytes.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling congestion in a data network are provided. A base target round-trip time (RTT) for packets of a network flow including packets transmitted from a source network device to destination network device is obtained. A number of hops packets associated with the network flow traverse between the source network device and the destination network device is determined. A topology scaled target RTT for the network flow is determined based on the base target RTT and the determined number of hops. A congestion window size for the network flow is managed based on the topology scaled target RTT.

Abstract: A children's ride-on vehicle assembly comprises a vehicle body and an interchangeable cleaning apparatus. The vehicle body comprises a front end and a rear end. The vehicle body further comprises a seat sized for a child. The vehicle body further comprises a plurality of driving wheels and a steering assembly. The plurality of driving wheels is rotatably coupled to the vehicle body and adapted to contact a floor surface. The steering assembly comprises a steering mechanism for use by the child sitting on the seat of the vehicle body and a plurality of steerable wheels. The interchangeable cleaning apparatus is attached to the vehicle body and is configured to clean the floor surface while the vehicle body moves around the floor surface.