Abstract: A method used in fabrication of integrated circuitry comprises forming metal material outwardly of a substrate. At least a majority (i.e., up to and including 100%) of the metal material contains ruthenium in at least one of elemental-form, metal compound-form, or alloy-form. A masking material is formed outwardly of the ruthenium-containing metal material. The masking material comprises at least one of nine specifically enumerated materials or category of materials. The masking material is used as a mask while etching through an exposed portion of the ruthenium-containing metal material to form a feature of integrated circuitry that comprises the ruthenium-containing metal material.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an electrode, a ferroelectric material adjacent the electrode, the ferroelectric material comprising an oxide of at least one of hafnium and zirconium, the ferroelectric material doped with bismuth, and another electrode adjacent the ferroelectric material on an opposite side thereof from the first electrode. Related semiconductor structures, memory cells, semiconductor devices, electronic systems, and related methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An input system includes a first gesture detection unit and a second gesture detection unit. The first gesture detection unit includes a first light emitting device for emitting a first light beam, a first light sensing device for receiving the first light beam reflected by a first motion trajectory generated by a user and outputting a first image signal, and a first processing unit for processing the first image signal and outputting a first command signal. The second gesture detection unit includes a second light emitting device for emitting a second light beam, a second light sensing device for receiving the second light beam reflected by a second motion trajectory generated by the user and outputting a second image signal, and a second processing unit for processing the second image signal and outputting a second command signal.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an integrated assembly having a first semiconductor material between two regions of a second semiconductor material. The second semiconductor material is a different composition than the first semiconductor material. Hydrogen is diffused within the first and second semiconductor materials. The conductivity of the second semiconductor material increases in response to the hydrogen diffused therein to thereby create a structure having the second semiconductor material as source/drain regions, and having the first semiconductor material as a channel region between the source/drain regions. A transistor gate is adjacent the channel region and is configured to induce an electric field within the channel region. Some embodiments include methods of forming integrated assemblies.

Abstract: There is provided a pupil tracking device including an active light source, an image sensor and a processing unit. The active light source emits light toward an eyeball alternatively in a first brightness value and a second brightness value. The image sensor captures a first brightness image corresponding to the first brightness value and a second brightness image corresponding to the second brightness value. The processing unit identifies a brightest region at corresponding positions of the first brightness image and the second brightness image as an active light image.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes an electrode, a ferroelectric material adjacent the electrode, the ferroelectric material comprising an oxide of at least one of hafnium and zirconium, the ferroelectric material doped with bismuth, and another electrode adjacent the ferroelectric material on an opposite side thereof from the first electrode. Related semiconductor structures, memory cells, semiconductor devices, electronic systems, and related methods are disclosed.

Abstract: An input system includes a first gesture detection unit and a second gesture detection unit. The first gesture detection unit includes a first light emitting device for emitting a first light beam, a first light sensing device for receiving the first light beam reflected by a first motion trajectory generated by a user and outputting a first image signal, and a first processing unit for processing the first image signal and outputting a first command signal. The second gesture detection unit includes a second light emitting device for emitting a second light beam, a second light sensing device for receiving the second light beam reflected by a second motion trajectory generated by the user and outputting a second image signal, and a second processing unit for processing the second image signal and outputting a second command signal.

Abstract: A memory array comprises vertically-alternating tiers of insulative material and memory cells. The memory cells individually comprise a transistor comprising first and second source/drain regions having a channel region there-between and a gate operatively proximate the channel region. The individual memory cells comprise a capacitor comprising first and second electrodes having a capacitor insulator there-between. The first electrode electrically couples to the first source/drain region. Wordline structures extend elevationally through the insulative material and the memory cells of the vertically-alternating tiers. Individual of the gates that are in different of the memory cell tiers directly electrically couple to individual of the wordline structures. Sense-lines electrically couple to multiple of the second source/drain regions of individual of the transistors. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Some embodiments include an integrated assembly having a gate material, an insulative material adjacent the gate material, and a semiconductor oxide adjacent the insulative material. The semiconductor oxide has a channel region proximate the gate material and spaced from the gate material by the insulative material. An electric field along the gate material induces carrier flow within the channel region, with the carrier flow being along a first direction. The semiconductor oxide includes a grain boundary having a portion which extends along a second direction that crosses the first direction of the carrier flow. In some embodiments, the semiconductor oxide has a grain boundary which extends along the first direction and which is offset from the insulative material by an intervening portion of the semiconductor oxide. The carrier flow is within the intervening region and substantially parallel to the grain boundary. Some embodiments include methods of forming integrated assemblies.

Abstract: A transistor comprises a first conductive contact, a heterogeneous channel comprising at least one oxide semiconductor material over the first conductive contact, a second conductive contact over the heterogeneous channel, and a gate electrode laterally neighboring the heterogeneous channel. A device, a method of forming a device, a memory device, and an electronic system are also described.

Abstract: A device comprises a vertical transistor. The vertical transistor comprises a pillar structure, at least one gate electrode, and a dielectric material. The pillar structure comprises a source region, a drain region, and a channel region. The source region and the drain region each individually comprise at least one electrically conductive material configured to inhibit hydrogen permeation therethrough. The channel region comprises a semiconductive material vertically between the source region and the drain region. The at least one gate electrode laterally neighbors the channel region of the semiconductive structure. The dielectric material is laterally between the semiconductive structure and the at least one gate electrode. Additional devices, and related electronic systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for outputting a command by detecting a movement of an object, which includes the following steps. First, an image capturing device captures images generated by the movement of the object at different timings by. Next, a motion trajectory is calculated according to the plurality of images. Further next, a corresponding command is outputted according to the motion trajectory. The present invention also provides a system which employs the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: An input system includes a first gesture detection unit and a second gesture detection unit. The first gesture detection unit includes a first light emitting device for emitting a first light beam, a first light sensing device for receiving the first light beam reflected by a first motion trajectory generated by a user and outputting a first image signal, and a first processing unit for processing the first image signal and outputting a first command signal. The second gesture detection unit includes a second light emitting device for emitting a second light beam, a second light sensing device for receiving the second light beam reflected by a second motion trajectory generated by the user and outputting a second image signal, and a second processing unit for processing the second image signal and outputting a second command signal.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for outputting a command by detecting a movement of an object, which includes the following steps. First, an image capturing device captures images generated by the movement of the object at different timings by. Next, a motion trajectory is calculated according to the plurality of images. Further next, a corresponding command is outputted according to the motion trajectory. The present invention also provides a system which employs the above-mentioned method.

Abstract: There is provided a pupil tracking device including an active light source, an image sensor and a processing unit. The active light source emits light toward an eyeball alternatively in a first brightness value and a second brightness value. The image sensor captures a first brightness image corresponding to the first brightness value and a second brightness image corresponding to the second brightness value. The processing unit identifies a brightest region at corresponding positions of the first brightness image and the second brightness image as an active light image.

Abstract: There is provided a pupil tracking device including an active light source, an image sensor and a processing unit. The active light source emits light toward an eyeball alternatively in a first brightness value and a second brightness value. The image sensor captures a first brightness image corresponding to the first brightness value and a second brightness image corresponding to the second brightness value. The processing unit identifies a brightest region at corresponding positions of the first brightness image and the second brightness image as an active light image.

Abstract: A method of living body detection includes: capturing a plurality of images of an object under test by using an image sensor; calculating variations of brightness values of pixel units of the plurality of images; and, determining whether the object under test is a living body according to the variations.

Abstract: An input system includes a first gesture detection unit and a second gesture detection unit. The first gesture detection unit includes a first light emitting device for emitting a first light beam, a first light sensing device for receiving the first light beam reflected by a first motion trajectory generated by a user and outputting a first image signal, and a first processing unit for processing the first image signal and outputting a first command signal. The second gesture detection unit includes a second light emitting device for emitting a second light beam, a second light sensing device for receiving the second light beam reflected by a second motion trajectory generated by the user and outputting a second image signal, and a second processing unit for processing the second image signal and outputting a second command signal.

Abstract: An input system includes a first gesture detection unit and a second gesture detection unit. The first gesture detection unit includes a first light emitting device for emitting a first light beam, a first light sensing device for receiving the first light beam reflected by a first motion trajectory generated by a user and outputting a first image signal, and a first processing unit for processing the first image signal and outputting a first command signal. The second gesture detection unit includes a second light emitting device for emitting a second light beam, a second light sensing device for receiving the second light beam reflected by a second motion trajectory generated by the user and outputting a second image signal, and a second processing unit for processing the second image signal and outputting a second command signal.

Abstract: A touch system with track detecting function includes a touch pad for sequentially sensing a plurality of positions of an indication object at a plurality of moments in order to detect a track of the indication object on the touch pad, and a processor for continuously generating motion vectors according to the track of the indication object on the touch pad, for generating a candidate motion vector according to at least one motion vector, and for nonlinearly generating a target motion vector according to the candidate motion vector in order to move a target shown on a display panel. Each of the motion vectors represents a difference between a position of the indication object and a next position of the indication object.