Abstract: In some embodiments, in a method, a netlist is received. The netlist comprises a subcircuit that comprises a device and a rule check module. The rule check module specifies a plurality of terminals of the device subject to an operating space, and at least one parameter that controls a non-rectangular boundary of the operating space. The netlist is simulated to obtain simulation data associated with the terminals of the device. The operating space that has the non-rectangular boundary is formed by using the at least one parameter. The simulation data is checked against the operating space. A situation in which the checked simulation data does not fall within the operating space is reflected.

Abstract: One or more circuit arrangements and techniques for modeling are provided. In some embodiments, a circuit arrangement includes at least one of a first current source, a second current source, a first diode, a second diode, and a switching component. In some embodiments, the switching component includes a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). In some embodiments, the circuit arrangement is integrated into a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device. When the circuit arrangement is integrated into a MOS device, at least one of a substrate current leakage, a junction breakdown, or a diode reverse recovery (DRR) effect is predictable for the MOS device.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment, an ultrasound apparatus for beamforming with a plane wave transmission may comprise a transceiver connected to a transducer array having at least one transducer element, and at least one processor. The transceiver transmits at least one substantially planar ultrasonic wave into a target region at one or more angles relative to the transducer array, and receives one or more signals responsive from the transducer array. The at least one processor applies a fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the one or more signals from each of the at least one transducer element and calculates at least one frequency within a frequency region, and applies an inverse FFT to at least one produced frequency data.

Abstract: A method for assisting with the transmission of TCP packets, which is used in a wireless communication system, including: receiving a plurality of TCP packets from a TCP packet sender and transmitting the TCP packets to a receiver proxy; transmitting a feedback packet to a sender proxy when receiving a TCP packet; calculating a round trip time (RTT) between the sender proxy and the receiver proxy when receiving the feedback packet, and comparing a RTT threshold and the RTT between the sender proxy and receiver proxy; determining whether a network between the sender proxy and the receiver proxy is in a congestion state according to the result of the comparison between the RTT threshold and the RTT; and dropping a TCP packet when the network is in the congestion state.

Abstract: The voltage level shifter includes a first voltage shift circuit, a second voltage shift circuit, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a third switch circuit and a fourth switch circuit. The first voltage shift circuit receives a first input voltage, and the second voltage shift circuit receives a second voltage shift circuit. When the first voltage is high level voltage, a second output voltage and a first voltage are transformed to a ground voltage so as to open the second switch circuit and the fourth switch circuit, and then the first output voltage is transited to a system voltage. When the second voltage is high level voltage, a first output voltage and a second voltage are transited to a ground voltage so as to open the first switch circuit and the third switch circuit, and then the second output voltage is transited to the system voltage.

Abstract: The voltage level shifter includes a first voltage shift circuit, a second voltage shift circuit, a first switch circuit, a second switch circuit, a third switch circuit and a fourth switch circuit. The first voltage shift circuit receives a first input voltage, and the second voltage shift circuit receives a second voltage shift circuit. When the first voltage is high level voltage, a second output voltage and a first voltage are transformed to a ground voltage so as to open the second switch circuit and the fourth switch circuit, and then the first output voltage is transited to a system voltage. When the second voltage is high level voltage, a first output voltage and a second voltage are transited to a ground voltage so as to open the first switch circuit and the third switch circuit, and then the second output voltage is transited to the system voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for manufacturing bio-based epoxy resins. The raw materials of the resins include lignin, polyol, solvent, catalyst, acid anhydride, and multi-epoxy compound. The methods of manufacturing the resins include evenly mixing the lignin, the polyol, the catalyst, and the solvent together to form a mixture. The acid anhydride is added to the mixture to process esterification for forming an intermediate product. The multi-epoxy compound is added to the intermediate product to process epoxidation for forming the bio-based epoxy resins. The bio-based epoxy resin has excellent compatibility with the solvent, such that the solvent can be added to the bio-based epoxy resins to form coatings having a tunable solid content. As a result, the coating can be applied to the surfaces of every type of base material.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing size-controllable metal nanoparticles includes the following steps: a) Preparing an exfoliated silicate clay solution and a metal ion solution; and b) Mixing the exfoliated silicate clay solution with the metal ion solution, and the metal ions are reduced to the metal nanoparticles, which are attached to the exfoliated silicate clays. Additionally, in step A, adjust the weight ratio of the silicate clays to the metal ions to control the size of the reduced metal particles. And with larger weight ratio of the silicate clays to the metal ions, the size of the reduced metal particles becomes smaller.

Abstract: The invention provides a driving circuit applied in a LCD apparatus. The driving circuit includes N first channels, N second channels, 2N first switching units, and 2N second switching units. N is a positive integer and N?2. N second channels correspond to N first channels. When the driving circuit is operated under a first operation mode, N first switching units in the N first channels switch to connect with the corresponding N second channels, and the other N first switching units in the N second channels switch to connect with the corresponding N first channels according to a control signal respectively. N second switching units in the N first channels switch to connect with the corresponding N second channels, and the other N second switching units in the N second channels switch to connect with the corresponding N first channels according to a control signal respectively.

Abstract: An apparatus for synchronizing pilots contained in symbols received by a receiver in a multicarrier transmission system and a method thereof are provided. Frequency or Time-frequency correlation-based scheme, with exploitation of time-frequency correlation characteristics of the pilots, may be used for identifying the positions of the pilots in frequency or time and frequency dimensions consisting of received symbols. In one example, the apparatus includes a pilot compensator and a signal selector for determining at least one correlation set, a correlator for generating one correlation set result for each of the correlation set, and a judgment or processing unit for determining positions of the pilots in response to the correlation set result.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing fast handoff in WLAN-like communications system construct a caching candidate set based upon a weighted handoff tendency coefficient. The weighted handoff tendency coefficient is based upon the handoff matrix and the weighting factor. The handoff matrix is an adaptive two-dimensional array that provides a list of nearby access points relative to a mobile station and the weighting factor is a value that prioritizes the nearby access points based upon a signal quality indication. A home access point, once it is triggered to initialize proactive caching, provides the caching candidate set with registration data of the mobile station before a transfer of a connection between the home access point and one of the access points on the caching candidate set.

Abstract: An apparatus for synchronizing pilots contained in symbols received by a receiver in a multicarrier transmission system and a method thereof are provided. Frequency or Time-frequency correlation-based scheme, with exploitation of time-frequency correlation characteristics of the pilots, may be used for identifying the positions of the pilots in frequency or time and frequency dimensions consisting of received symbols. In one example, the apparatus includes a pilot compensator and a signal selector for determining at least one correlation set, a correlator for generating one correlation set result for each of the correlation set, and a judgment or processing unit for determining positions of the pilots in response to the correlation set result.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for synchronizing pilots contained in symbols received by a receiver in a multicarrier transmission system and a method thereof. Time-frequency correlation-based scheme, with exploitation of time-frequency correlation characteristics of the pilots, is used for identifying the positions of the pilots in time and frequency dimensions consisting of received symbols. The apparatus includes a pilot compensator and a signal selector for determining at least one correlation set, a correlator for generating one correlation set result for each of the correlation set, and a judgment unit for determining positions of the pilots in response to the correlation set result.

Abstract: Methods and systems for providing fast handoff in WLAN-like communications system construct a caching candidate set based upon a weighted handoff tendency coefficient. The weighted handoff tendency coefficient is based upon the handoff matrix and the weighting factor. The handoff matrix is an adaptive two-dimensional array that provides a list of nearby access points relative to a mobile station and the weighting factor is a value that prioritizes the nearby access points based upon a signal quality indication. A home access point, once it is triggered to initialize proactive caching, provides the caching candidate set with registration data of the mobile station before a transfer of a connection between the home access point and one of the access points on the caching candidate set.