Abstract: A renal failure blood therapy system includes a renal failure blood therapy machine, a test including multiple blood samples taken at multiple times during a test therapy to determine concentration levels for each of a first solute and a second solute at each of the multiple times, and a device programmed to (i) estimate at least one first patient parameter using the determined concentration levels for the first solute, (ii) estimate at least one second patient parameter using the determined concentration levels for the second solute, (iii) determine a first plurality of acceptable treatments using the at least one first patient parameter, (iv) determine a second plurality of acceptable treatments using the at least one second patient parameter, and (v) merge the first plurality of acceptable treatments with the second plurality of acceptable treatments to determine a plurality of clinically acceptable treatments for both the first solute and the second solute.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis having integrated electrodeionization capabilities are provided. In an embodiment, the dialysis system includes a carbon source, a urease source and an electrodeionization unit. The carbon source and urease source can be in the form of removable cartridges.

Abstract: The present system and method in one embodiment limit a maximum instantaneous peritoneal volume to a comfortable level, while allowing the dialysis machine to advance to fill a prescribed volume whenever the drain ends after a minimum drain percentage has been attained. If a low drain condition occurs, the nominal fill volume is lowered and a therapy cycle is added, so that a prescribed total amount of fresh therapy fluid is used during therapy, maximizing therapeutic benefit. An allowable residual volume at the end of an incomplete drain is increased, thereby lowering the probability of a subsequent low drain condition.

Abstract: A hemodialysis system includes (i) a dialyzer; (ii) a blood pump; (iii) a blood cassette operatively connected to the dialyzer and the blood pump; (iv) a dialysate heater; (v) first and second peristaltic dialysate pumps; and (vi) a dialysate cassette separate from the blood cassette, the dialysate cassette including an organizer configured to support a drain tube, a to-dialyzer tube and a from-dialyzer tube, the cassette further including a first pumping tube, a second pumping tube and an inline fluid heating pathway, the cassette when mounted for operation orienting (a) the first pumping tube for operation with the first peristaltic dialysate pump, (b) the second pumping tube for operation with the second peristaltic dialysate pump and (c) the fluid heating pathway for operation with the dialysate heater.

Abstract: Patients suffering from acute renal failure must be diagnosed and treated quickly so that a physician can confidently prescribe either peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis. In one way of quickly treating the patients, software is used to calculate a suitable peritoneal dialysis prescription without regard to how short or how long a dialysis cycle is used, and without regard to a total dialysate fluid volume for a therapy. For patients with suitable peritoneal membrane transport properties, the software program suggests that, at least over a short period of time, unexpectedly high ultrafiltrate volumes and high clearances may be achieved.

Abstract: A peritoneal dialysis system includes: a dialysis fluid container associated with an identifier; a reader for reading the identifier; a signal transmitter for communicating data based on the identifier; and a patient transfer set for semi-permanent connection to a patient, the patient transfer set including: (i) a signal receiver for receiving the data sent by the signal transmitter, (ii) an output device for communicating with the patient, and (iii) electronics configured to receive the data and command the output device to communicate with the patient accordingly.

Abstract: A hemodialysis system for operation with a blood source and a dialysate source, the system including: (i) a first machine portion including a blood pump; (ii) a blood cassette operatively connected to the blood pump such that the blood pump can pump blood through the blood cassette when the blood cassette is in fluid communication with the blood source; (iii) a dialyzer fluidly connected to the blood cassette; (iv) a second machine portion separate from the first machine portion, the second machine portion including a dialysate pump; and (v) a dialysate cassette separate from the blood cassette, the dialysate cassette operatively connected to the dialysate pump such that the dialysate pump can pump dialysate through the dialysate cassette when the dialysate cassette is in fluid communication with the dialysate source, the dialysate cassette being fluidly connected to the dialyzer.

Abstract: A method of predicting serum phosphorus concentrations in a patient during hemodialysis includes measuring serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient over a hemodialysis treatment session time and an ultrafiltration rate calculated by a difference between pre- and post-dialytic body weight of the patient during an initial hemodialysis treatment session divided by a total treatment time of the treatment session and estimating a phosphorous mobilization clearance and a pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus for the patient. Serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient can then be predicted at any time during any hemodialysis treatment session with the estimated phosphorous mobilization clearance and pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus of the patient.

Abstract: Systems and methods for hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis having integrated electrodeionization capabilities are provided. In an embodiment, the dialysis system includes a carbon source, a urease source and an electrodeionization unit. The carbon source and urease source can be in the form of removable cartridges.

Abstract: A method of predicting serum phosphorus concentrations in a patient during hemodialysis includes measuring serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient over a hemodialysis treatment session time and an ultrafiltration rate calculated by a difference between pre- and post-dialytic body weight of the patient during an initial hemodialysis treatment session divided by a total treatment time of the treatment session and estimating a phosphorous mobilization clearance and a pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus for the patient. Serum phosphorus concentrations of the patient can then be predicted at any time during any hemodialysis treatment session with the estimated phosphorous mobilization clearance and pre-dialysis distribution volume of phosphorus of the patient.

Abstract: Dialysis treatment devices and methods for removing urea from dialysis waste streams are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis treatment device including: 1) a first filter having a filtration membrane, 2) a urea removal unit having urease and in fluid communication with the first filter, and 3) a second filter having an ion rejection membrane and in fluid communication with the first filter and the urea removal unit.

Abstract: Dialysis treatment devices and methods for removing urea from dialysis waste streams are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis treatment device including: 1) a first filter having a filtration membrane, 2) a urea removal unit having urease and in fluid communication with the first filter, and 3) a second filter having an ion rejection membrane and in fluid communication with the first filter and the urea removal unit.

Abstract: Transfer sets are disclosed in the present patent. The transfer set provides a connection between a source of peritoneal dialysis fluid and a patient for whom peritoneal dialysis has been prescribed. The transfer sets disclosed herein are smaller and provide a more compact and convenient device by which a dialysis patient controls the flow of dialysis fluid to and from the peritoneum of the patient. The devices are more compact and convenient because they include more convenient mechanisms for starting and stopping flow of the dialysis fluid. It is also easy to determine whether the mechanism is in a closed or open configuration by simply looking at the mechanism.

Abstract: A method of modeling a patient's peritoneal dialysis drain phase includes (a) modeling a first segment of a drain phase curve as having a constant flowrate, (b) modeling a second segment of the drain phase curve as having a decaying exponential flowrate, and (c) ensuring that a drain flowrate does not fall below a certain level during therapy by incorporating a switching component so that (i) at a first time the first segment is active while the second segment is inactive and (ii) at a second time the first segment is inactive while the second segment is active.

Abstract: A method of modeling a patient's peritoneal dialysis drain phase includes (i) modeling a first segment of a drain phase curve as having a constant flowrate; (ii) modeling a second segment of a drain phase curve as having a decaying exponential flowrate; and (iii) incorporating a switching component into the first and second components so that (a) at a first time the first segment is active and while the second segment is inactive and (b) at a second time the first segment is inactive and while the second segment is active.

Abstract: Dialysis treatment devices and methods for removing urea from dialysis waste streams are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a dialysis treatment device including a first cell having a first electrodialysis unit, a second cell having at least one of a urease compartment and a sorbent compartment and in fluid communication with the first cell, and a third cell having a second electrodialysis unit and in fluid communication with the second cell.

Abstract: Transfer sets are disclosed in the present patent. The transfer set provides a connection between a source of peritoneal dialysis fluid and a patient for whom peritoneal dialysis has been prescribed. The transfer sets disclosed herein are smaller and provide a more compact and convenient device by which a dialysis patient controls the flow of dialysis fluid to and from the peritoneum of the patient. The devices are more compact and convenient because they include more convenient mechanisms for starting and stopping flow of the dialysis fluid. It is also easy to determine whether the mechanism is in a closed or open configuration by simply looking at the mechanism.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing dialysis therapies are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for dialysis treatment comprising first and second fluid flow pathways in a parallel arrangement. The first fluid flow pathway contains a first cation exchange resin, wherein greater than 90% of exchange sites of the first cation exchange resin are populated with hydrogen ions. The second fluid flow pathway contains a second cation exchange resin, wherein greater than 90% of exchange sites of the second cation exchange resin are populated with sodium ions. The apparatus can be used to maintain a constant and safe level of sodium in a constantly regenerated dialysis fluid over an extended period of time.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting a Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (“CCPD”) therapy to minimize the potential for excess intra-peritoneal volume. The adjustments are made at the end of the drain, just prior to the next fill. The adjustments short the next fill, if necessary, to limit the intra-peritoneal volume, add a cycle, if necessary, to use all of the available dialysis solution and will average the remaining dwell time to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the therapy in the allotted time. In another embodiment, a tidal therapy using trended patient UF data is provided.

Abstract: A system and method for automatically adjusting a Continuous Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (“CCPD”) therapy to minimize the potential for excess intra-peritoneal volume. The adjustments are made at the end of the drain, just prior to the next fill. The adjustments short the next fill, if necessary, to limit the intra-peritoneal volume, add a cycle, if necessary, to use all of the available dialysis solution and will average the remaining dwell time to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the therapy in the allotted time. In another embodiment, a tidal therapy using trended patient UF data is provided.