Abstract: The present invention provides methods and materials for isolating, purifying, and/or enriching the concentration of compounds having one or more phosphate groups and/or derivatives thereof, including but not limited to phosphorylated peptides and/or phosphorylated proteins. In some aspects, the present invention provides nanostructured enrichment materials, such as metal oxide mesoporous materials, that selectively and reversibly bind with phosphorylated compounds with high specificity and are capable of controlled release of phosphorylated compounds bound to their active surfaces. Mesoporous materials of the present invention also provide enrichment materials having large active surface areas that provide for higher loading capacities for phosphorylated peptides and proteins relative to conventional affinity based methods.

Abstract: A management apparatus and a management method manage a plurality of albums. The management apparatus may include: a storing module which stores related information of photographs included in the plurality of albums; and an updating module which update the related information of photographs stored in the storing module according to copy, move or deletion of a photograph. The management apparatus may further include: an extracting module which in response to the user's request for displaying, copying, moving or sharing a photograph or an album, accesses an album which stores the photograph or the album requested by the user, so as to extract the photograph or album requested by the user.

Abstract: A network communication system and method make communication and information sharing more convenient and efficient. The A system includes an account information management module and an account information storage module. The account information management module stores the friend accounts of the user and the corresponding account information. The account information storage module analyzes the account information of the friend accounts, and makes a determination according to the network account information contained in the account information such that the friend accounts belonging to the same friend are added to the same account group.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and materials for isolating, purifying, and/or enriching the concentration of compounds having one or more phosphate groups and/or derivatives thereof, including but not limited to phosphorylated peptides and/or phosphorylated proteins. In some aspects, the present invention provides nanostructured enrichment materials, such as metal oxide mesoporous materials, that selectively and reversibly bind with phosphorylated compounds with high specificity and are capable of controlled release of phosphorylated compounds bound to their active surfaces. Mesoporous materials of the present invention also provide enrichment materials having large active surface areas that provide for higher loading capacities for phosphorylated peptides and proteins relative to conventional affinity based methods.