Abstract: A vinyl alcohol-based polymer according to one embodiment of the present invention has an integral value (e) of 0.8 to 20 in the case when a sum of the following integral value (a) to (e) is 100 in a 1H-NMR spectrum (a) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.70 to 5.96 ppm (b) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.97 to 6.63 ppm (c) integral value of peak confirmed at 6.64 to 7.55 ppm (d) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.56 to 7.81 ppm (e) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.82 to 8.04 ppm.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 80° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0083 milliseconds or more and 0.0093 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 10% or more and 35% or less.

Abstract: A method of differentiating a primordial germ cell into a primordial follicle in vitro includes culturing a primordial germ cell and a supporting cell adjacent to the primordial germ cell under a pressurized condition or a low oxygen concentration condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component B has a resulting relaxation time of 0.03 milliseconds or more and 0.05 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 30% or more and 50% or less. From the polyvinyl alcohol film according to the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance can be manufactured without the occurrence of unevenness of dyeing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, the polyvinyl alcohol film having an NMR signal intensity at 0.10 milliseconds of 78% or less of the initial intensity, when the polyvinyl alcohol film after immersing in water at 60° C. for 2 hours is measured as a measurement sample by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. According to the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance, which is unlikely to decrease even under high humidity, can be manufactured.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprises a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film being measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0070 milliseconds or more and 0.0092 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 20% or more and 50% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer that is excellent in properties such as cell culture properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and solubility in organic solvents, and is applicable to the medical field, the biomaterial field, and the agricultural field (medical and life science fields). Provided is a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer including a unit represented by the following formula (1) and a unit represented by the following formula (2): where, in the formula (2), R1 represents a hydrocarbon group that may optionally have a substituent, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R1 and R2, or R2 and R3, may optionally be bonded together to form a cyclic structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having excellent solubility and capable of providing a film having high flexibility, high mechanical strength, and high adhesion, and a method for producing a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer. Provided is a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer including a unit of vinyl alcohol and a unit of vinyl acetate, the vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having a triad unit chain ratio TOO of 7.5 or less, where the triad unit chain ratio TOO is obtained using the following formula (1): [ Math .

Abstract: A vinyl alcohol-based polymer according to one embodiment of the present invention has an integral value (e) of 0.8 to 20 in the case when a sum of the following integral value (a) to (e) is 100 in a 1H-NMR spectrum. (a) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.70 to 5.96 ppm (b) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.97 to 6.63 ppm (c) integral value of peak confirmed at 6.64 to 7.55 ppm (d) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.56 to 7.81 ppm (e) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.82 to 8.

Abstract: A method of differentiating a primordial germ cell into a primordial follicle in vitro includes culturing a primordial germ cell and a supporting cell adjacent to the primordial germ cell under a pressurized condition or a low oxygen concentration condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, the polyvinyl alcohol film having an NMR signal intensity at 0.10 milliseconds of 78% or less of the initial intensity, when the polyvinyl alcohol film after immersing in water at 60° C. for 2 hours is measured as a measurement sample by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. According to the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance, which is unlikely to decrease even under high humidity, can be manufactured.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 80° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0083 milliseconds or more and 0.0093 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 10% or more and 35% or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component B has a resulting relaxation time of 0.03 milliseconds or more and 0.05 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 30% or more and 50% or less. From the polyvinyl alcohol film according to the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance can be manufactured without the occurrence of unevenness of dyeing.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprises a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film being measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0070 milliseconds or more and 0.0092 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 20% or more and 50% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having excellent solubility and capable of providing a film having high flexibility, high mechanical strength, and high adhesion, and a method for producing a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer. Provided is a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer including a unit of vinyl alcohol and a unit of vinyl acetate, the vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having a triad unit chain ratio TOO of 7.5 or less, where the triad unit chain ratio TOO is obtained using the following formula (1): [ Math .

Abstract: Dispersing agents useful in a suspension polymerization process may be formed based on polyvinyl alcohols and processes discloses herein. The dispersing agent may include, for example: a polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of hydrolysis in the range from 60 to 80 mol %; an absorbance of not less than 0.3 measured at a wavelength of 320 nm with respect to a 0.1 wt % aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol; a block character of remaining ester groups in the range from 0.4 to 0.5; and a cloud point in the range from 35° C. to 50° C. measured with respect to a 1 wt % aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol. Carbonyl groups are theorized to be present along the polymer chain, which may be quantified by 1-H NMR spectra peaks.

Abstract: The polyvinyl alcohol according to the present invention to be used as a dispersant for suspension polymerization for polyvinyl chloride has a degree of saponification of 60 to 80 mol %, a block character of 0.4 to 0.6, an integration value defined by the following (a) of 0.04 to 0.1 and an integration value defined by the following (b) of 0.01 to 0.2 in a 1H-NMR spectrum, and a 0.1% by mass aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol has a UV absorbance at a wavelength of 320 nm of 0.18 or more and less than 0.3. (a) An integration value from 5.42 to 5.62 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 5.50 to 5.54 ppm when an integration value from 3.65 to 4.05 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 3.83 to 3.87 ppm is assumed to be 100. (b) An integration value from 5.76 to 5.98 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 5.86 to 5.90 ppm when an integration value from 3.65 to 4.05 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 3.83 to 3.87 ppm is assumed to be 100.

Abstract: The polyvinyl alcohol according to the present invention to be used as a dispersant for suspension polymerization for polyvinyl chloride has a degree of saponification of 60 to 80 mol %, a block character of 0.4 to 0.6, an integration value defined by the following (a) of 0.04 to 0.1 and an integration value defined by the following (b) of 0.01 to 0.2 in a 1H-NMR spectrum, and a 0.1% by mass aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol has a UV absorbance at a wavelength of 320 nm of 0.18 or more and less than 0.3. (a) An integration value from 5.42 to 5.62 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 5.50 to 5.54 ppm when an integration value from 3.65 to 4.05 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 3.83 to 3.87 ppm is assumed to be 100. (b) An integration value from 5.76 to 5.98 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 5.86 to 5.90 ppm when an integration value from 3.65 to 4.05 ppm of a peak or peaks observed at 3.83 to 3.87 ppm is assumed to be 100.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an antibacterial and antiviral composition capable of exhibiting antibacterial and antiviral properties in a short period of time and excellent in handleability and safety. The present invention also aims to provide antibacterial and antiviral particles, a processed fabric, a coating material for a processed coating film, a processed coating film, a coating material for a UV-cured coating film, and a UV-cured coating film each prepared using the antibacterial and antiviral composition. Provided is an antibacterial and antiviral composition containing an antibacterial and antiviral polymer compound, the polymer compound being an amino group-containing polymer.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses a printer including a memory. The memory stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the printer to perform a first process, a second process, and a third process. In the first process, an N-th determination target value is calculated, from an N-th pulse count index value and an (N+1)th pulse count index value. In the second process, a mean value of a plurality of consecutive pulse count index values within a predetermined range is calculated. In the third process, a comparison value is calculated by comparing (N?1)th the determination target value with the mean value. The first process to the third process are performed while increasing N one by one. A first determination step includes determining whether the elongated medium has reached a consumption completion status or not, on the basis of a magnitude relation between the comparison value and a first threshold value.