Abstract: In the image forming apparatus, a controller applies a collection voltage to a cleaning roller by a voltage application part in image formation process. The controller adjusts the collection voltage applied to the cleaning roller on bases of uncollected toner quantity of a toner image and residual charge of an image carrier, the uncollected toner being part of after-transfer remaining toner which results after formation of the toner image on an outer circumferential surface of the image carrier and transfer of the toner image onto a transfer-objective member, and which has missed being collected by the cleaning roller so as to remain even after one-round rotation of the image carrier.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a processor. In response to an occurrence of at least one of a weather-related event and a natural disaster event, the processor identifies a vehicle located at a site of the event. The processor determines a predetermined condition in accordance with the event. The processor requests the identified vehicle to provide a peripheral image that satisfies the predetermined condition. The peripheral image is generated when an image capturing unit mounted on the identified vehicle captures an image of a periphery of the identified vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle transmits images in which garbage collection sites appear to a server. The server performs: identifying, among the plurality of images acquired from the vehicle, a yet-to-be-visited collection site image in which a yet-to-be-visited collection site appears that is a collection site by which a garbage truck has not yet passed in a travel route of the garbage truck; based on the identified yet-to-be-visited collection site image, calculating an estimated amount of garbage brought together at the yet-to-be-visited collection site; calculating an expected time of arrival at a collection site by which the garbage truck passes after the yet-to-be-visited collection site in the travel route such that the expected time of arrival at that collection site becomes later when the estimated garbage amount is large than when the estimated garbage amount is small; and notifying a user terminal of the expected time of arrival.

Abstract: An information processing device includes a processor. The processor obtains a peripheral image including a road mirror. The peripheral image is generated when an image capturing unit mounted on a first vehicle captures an image of a periphery of the first vehicle. When the processor determines that at least one of a second vehicle and a pedestrian approaching an installation spot of the road mirror from a direction that differs from a direction in which the first vehicle is approaching the installation spot of the road mirror is shown in a mirror surface of the road mirror captured in the obtained peripheral image, the processor determines that an orientation of the road mirror is not abnormal.

Abstract: A communication device receives image data sets from vehicles traveling along roads. Processing circuitry acquires image data sets that include images of vehicles. The processing circuit determines whether each vehicle in the images is a local vehicle or a tourist vehicle. Based on the determination, the processing circuitry calculates a first ratio for each road. The first ratio is the ratio of tourist vehicles in the vehicles on the road. The processing circuitry presents a tourist with a road of which the first ratio is greater than or equal to a first threshold value as a recommended road.

Abstract: A vinyl alcohol-based polymer according to one embodiment of the present invention has an integral value (e) of 0.8 to 20 in the case when a sum of the following integral value (a) to (e) is 100 in a 1H-NMR spectrum (a) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.70 to 5.96 ppm (b) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.97 to 6.63 ppm (c) integral value of peak confirmed at 6.64 to 7.55 ppm (d) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.56 to 7.81 ppm (e) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.82 to 8.04 ppm.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 80° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0083 milliseconds or more and 0.0093 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 10% or more and 35% or less.

Abstract: A method of differentiating a primordial germ cell into a primordial follicle in vitro includes culturing a primordial germ cell and a supporting cell adjacent to the primordial germ cell under a pressurized condition or a low oxygen concentration condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component B has a resulting relaxation time of 0.03 milliseconds or more and 0.05 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 30% or more and 50% or less. From the polyvinyl alcohol film according to the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance can be manufactured without the occurrence of unevenness of dyeing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, the polyvinyl alcohol film having an NMR signal intensity at 0.10 milliseconds of 78% or less of the initial intensity, when the polyvinyl alcohol film after immersing in water at 60° C. for 2 hours is measured as a measurement sample by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. According to the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance, which is unlikely to decrease even under high humidity, can be manufactured.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprises a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film being measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0070 milliseconds or more and 0.0092 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 20% or more and 50% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer that is excellent in properties such as cell culture properties, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and solubility in organic solvents, and is applicable to the medical field, the biomaterial field, and the agricultural field (medical and life science fields). Provided is a vinyl alcohol-amino acid ester copolymer including a unit represented by the following formula (1) and a unit represented by the following formula (2): where, in the formula (2), R1 represents a hydrocarbon group that may optionally have a substituent, R2 and R3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, and R1 and R2, or R2 and R3, may optionally be bonded together to form a cyclic structure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having excellent solubility and capable of providing a film having high flexibility, high mechanical strength, and high adhesion, and a method for producing a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer. Provided is a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer including a unit of vinyl alcohol and a unit of vinyl acetate, the vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having a triad unit chain ratio TOO of 7.5 or less, where the triad unit chain ratio TOO is obtained using the following formula (1): [ Math .

Abstract: A vinyl alcohol-based polymer according to one embodiment of the present invention has an integral value (e) of 0.8 to 20 in the case when a sum of the following integral value (a) to (e) is 100 in a 1H-NMR spectrum. (a) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.70 to 5.96 ppm (b) integral value of peak confirmed at 5.97 to 6.63 ppm (c) integral value of peak confirmed at 6.64 to 7.55 ppm (d) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.56 to 7.81 ppm (e) integral value of peak confirmed at 7.82 to 8.

Abstract: A method of differentiating a primordial germ cell into a primordial follicle in vitro includes culturing a primordial germ cell and a supporting cell adjacent to the primordial germ cell under a pressurized condition or a low oxygen concentration condition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, the polyvinyl alcohol film having an NMR signal intensity at 0.10 milliseconds of 78% or less of the initial intensity, when the polyvinyl alcohol film after immersing in water at 60° C. for 2 hours is measured as a measurement sample by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. According to the polyvinyl alcohol film of the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance, which is unlikely to decrease even under high humidity, can be manufactured.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 80° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0083 milliseconds or more and 0.0093 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 10% or more and 35% or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol film comprising a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film is measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component B has a resulting relaxation time of 0.03 milliseconds or more and 0.05 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 30% or more and 50% or less. From the polyvinyl alcohol film according to the present invention, a polarizing film having good polarization performance can be manufactured without the occurrence of unevenness of dyeing.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol film comprises a vinyl alcohol-based polymer, wherein, when the polyvinyl alcohol film being measured by a solid echo method using pulse NMR at 60° C. for waveform separation of a free induction decay curve of 1H spin-spin relaxation into three curves derived from three components a component A, a component B, and a component C in order of short relaxation time, the component A has a resulting relaxation time of 0.0070 milliseconds or more and 0.0092 milliseconds or less, and a resulting component ratio of 20% or more and 50% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having excellent solubility and capable of providing a film having high flexibility, high mechanical strength, and high adhesion, and a method for producing a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer. Provided is a vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer including a unit of vinyl alcohol and a unit of vinyl acetate, the vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate copolymer having a triad unit chain ratio TOO of 7.5 or less, where the triad unit chain ratio TOO is obtained using the following formula (1): [ Math .