Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises first and second substrates, a support frame arranged between the first and second substrates, and surrounding a space between the first and second substrates, electron emitting devices arranged on the first substrate facing the space, and an image forming member arranged on the second substrate. A spacer is disposed in the space between the first and second substrates, and a conductive film is arranged on the second substrate to surround the image forming member. The conductive film is supplied with a potential lower than that applied to the image forming member, and the spacer has a length greater than that of the image forming member. Each longitudinal end of the spacer is arranged between the inner periphery of the support frame and a respective plane through which a corresponding end of the conductive film extends perpendicularly to a principal surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: In a manufacturing process of an image forming apparatus (electron beam device) using electron emission elements, particularly, surface conduction type electron emission elements, wirings on an electron source substrate on which the wirings and element electrodes are formed are opposite to electrodes for a face plate, and a given voltage is applied between the wirings and the electrodes to thereby generate a discharge phenomenon in advance, thus removing a protrusion or the like. In this way, when an electric field applying process is conducted on the electron source substrate, a factor such as a protrusion in an electron source which induces a discharge phenomenon in driving an electron beam device represented by an image forming apparatus is removed, thus realizing an image forming apparatus excellent in display characteristic with no defective pixel even in image display for a long period of time.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises first and second substrates, a support frame arranged between the first and second substrates, and surrounding a space between the first and second substrates, electron emitting devices arranged on the first substrate facing the space, and an image forming member arranged on the second substrate. A spacer is disposed in the space between the first and second substrates, and a conductive film is arranged on the second substrate to surround the image forming member. The conductive film is supplied with a potential lower than that applied to the image forming member, and the spacer has a length greater than that of the image forming member. Each longitudinal end of the spacer is arranged between the inner periphery of the support frame and a respective plane through which a corresponding end of the conductive film extends perpendicularly to a principal surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: In an electron beam apparatus including an electron source and an electron beam irradiation member, a potential specifying plate including openings through which an electron transmits is provided between the electron source and the electron beam irradiation member. A spacer is located between the electron beam irradiation member and the potential specifying plate. In the case where a distance between a region between one of the openings of the potential specifying plate which is near the spacer and the spacer and the electron beam irradiation member is given by D1 and a distance between a region between the one opening of the potential specifying plate which is near the spacer and another opening thereof which is not near the spacer and the electron beam irradiation member is given by D2, if D1<D2 is satisfied, a deviation of an orbit of an electron beam emitted from the electron source is suppressed, so that it is possible to produce a high quality image.

Abstract: A workspace system includes a working region and a plurality of work surfaces or desktops placed in the working region. The working region provides a first environment suitable for a right hemisphere-dominant job, a second environment suitable for a left hemisphere-dominant job, a third environment different from the first and the second environments, and a seating area in which a job performer takes a seat. Accordingly, the desktops may include a first desktop for the first environment, a second desktop for the second environment, and a third desktop for the third environment. The three working environments are arranged about the seating area. The first, the second and the third desktops are different in e.g. feel, material, shape and color from each other.

Abstract: A system and method (and storage media) for identifying the category of the source noise and sound by using the physical factors derived from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the interaural crosscorrelation function (IACF) which are ever changing in the time domain based on the model of human auditory brain function system. A method for evaluating a sound comprises the steps of: using the sound recorder to capture and record the acoustic signal; calculating the ACF from the acoustic signal using a CPU; calculating ACF factors extracted from the calculated ACF using the CPU; and identifying the kinds of the noise based on the ACF factors. Thereby the unknown noise source can be identified what it is (such as automobile noise, and factory noise), and can be identified its type such as type of cars or type of machines.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus, which consumes low electrical power and prevents discharge owing to the surfaces exposed onto the inside of a vacuum container at the time of image display, and can obtain a good image having high brightness, is disclosed. The image-forming apparatus comprises a rear plate provided with an electron source for emitting an electron, and a face plate provided with an image-forming member having an anode electrode, to which electric potential higher than the highest voltage to be applied to the electron source is applied, and a member for forming an image by being irradiated with electrons emitted from the electron source. And, a vacuum container is formed by arranging the rear plate and the face plate to be opposed to each other.

Abstract: An electron beam device comprising an electron source having an electron-emitting device, a member to be irradiated with an electron beam disposed opposite to the electron source, and an electrically conductive spacer disposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated with the electron beam, is characterized in that an electrode is disposed along an end portion of the spacer on the electron source side, and the electrode is disposed inside a region of a surface of the end portion of the spacer which is directed toward the electron source side.

Abstract: This invention provides an arrangement for alleviating the electric charge of members apt to be electrically charged such as spacers used in an electron beam apparatus by arranging a high resistance film thereon. Particularly, the low resistance layer arranged at each of the members is covered by a high resistance film to suppress any electric discharges.

Abstract: A system and method (and storage media) for identifying the category of the source noise and sound by using the physical factors derived from the autocorrelation function (ACF) and the interaural crosscorrelation function (IACF) which are ever changing in the time domain based on the model of human auditory brain function system. A method for evaluating a sound comprises the steps of: using the sound recorder to capture and record the acoustic signal; calculating the ACF from the acoustic signal using a CPU; calculating ACF factors extracted from the calculated ACF using the CPU; and identifying the kinds of the noise based on the ACF factors. Thereby the unknown noise source can be identified what it is (such as automobile noise, and factory noise), and can be identified its type such as type of cars or type of machines.

Abstract: An electron beam device comprising an electron source having an electron-emitting device, a member to be irradiated with an electron beam disposed opposite to the electron source, and an electrically conductive spacer disposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated with the electron beam, is characterized in that an electrode is disposed along an end portion of the spacer on the electron source side, and the electrode is disposed inside a region of a surface of the end portion of the spacer which is directed toward the electron source side.

Abstract: This invention provides an arrangement for alleviating the electric charge of members apt to be electrically charged such as spacers used in an electron beam apparatus by arranging a high resistance film thereon. Particularly, the low resistance layer arranged at each of the members is covered by a high resistance film to suppress any electric discharges.

Abstract: This invention provides an arrangement for alleviating the electric charge of members apt to be electrically charged such as spacers used in an electron beam apparatus by arranging a high resistance film thereon. Particularly, the low resistance layer arranged at each of the members is covered by a high resistance film to suppress any electric discharges.

Abstract: A workspace system includes a working region and a plurality of work surfaces or desktops placed in the working region. The working region provides a first environment suitable for a right hemisphere-dominant job, a second environment suitable for a left hemisphere-dominant job, a third environment different from the first and the second environments, and a seating area in which a job performer takes a seat. Accordingly, the desktops may include a first desktop for the first environment, a second desktop for the second environment, and a third desktop for the third environment. The three working environments are arranged about the seating area. The first, the second and the third desktops are different in e.g. feel, material, shape and color from each other.

Abstract: An image display apparatus is provided, in which the generation of discharge can be suppressed and a preferable display image can be obtained. A method of manufacturing an image display apparatus having an airtight container including a rear plate having a plurality of electron-emitting devices and a face plate which is located opposite to the rear plate and has a phosphor and an electroconductive film, includes the steps of, (A) disposing the rear plate having the plurality of electron-emitting devices and the face plate having the phosphor and the electroconductive film such that the rear plate and the face plate are opposite to each other and arranging a plurality of plate shaped spacers between the rear plate and the face plate to assemble the airtighontainer, and (B) applying an electric field between the rear plate and the face plate in a state that the airtight container is slanted such that a longitudinal direction of the plate-shaped spacers is not in vertical to a gravitational direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises a first substrate, a second substrate, a support frame arranged between the first and second substrates, and surrounding a space between the first and second substrates, a plurality of electron emitting devices arranged on the first substrate facing the space, and an image forming member arranged on the second substrate. A spacer is disposed in the space between the first and second substrates, and a conductive film is arranged on the second substrate to surround the image forming member. The conductive film is supplied with a potential lower than that applied to the image forming member, and the spacer has a length greater than that of the image forming member. Each longitudinal ends of the spacer is arranged between the inner periphery of the support frame and a respective plane through which a corresponding end of the conductive film extends perpendicularly to a principal surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus such as an image display apparatus has spacers the charging of the surface of which can be reduced as well as the occurrence of discharge. The image forming apparatus includes an envelope, an electron source disposed within the envelope, an image forming member for forming an image by irradiation with electrons emitting by the electron source, and a spacer disposed between electrodes to which mutually different voltages are applied within the envelope. The spacer has conductivity and is electrically connected to the electrodes via conductive layers, and each of the conductive layers has an end portion defining a shape which is a combination of a linear portion and a curved portion or a combination of a linear portion and an obtuse-angle portion.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an electron source constituted by a plurality of x-direction wirings arranged on a substrate, a plurality of y-direction wirings crossing the x-direction wirings, an insulating layer for electrically insulating the x- and y-direction wirings, and a plurality of conductive films each of which is electrically connected to the x- and y-direction wirings and has a gap, comprises a conductive film formation step of forming a plurality of conductive films to be connected to the pluralities of x- and y-direction wirings, a grouping step of dividing all the x-direction wirings into a plurality of groups, and a forming step of sequentially performing, for all the groups, a step of simultaneously applying a voltage to all wirings assigned to the same group, thereby forming gaps in the plurality of conductive films. The grouping step includes the steps of assigning a plurality of wirings to each group, and arranging wirings constituting a group between wirings constituting other groups.

Abstract: An ink replenishing apparatus replenishes an ink cartridge, which has an ink absorber made of a porous body or fiber bundle in an ink storage chamber that stores ink, with ink supplied from a replenishing ink cartridge through a relay core. An ink holding force d of capillary tubes of the relay core and an ink holding force D of capillary tubes of the porous body or fiber bundle satisfy the following relation d<D.

Abstract: An ink-oozing plate for a stamp includes a stamp ink-impregnated part, which is comprised of an elastic resin-made stamp material having stamp ink-impregnable open cells. The ink-oozing plate also includes a printing face having a stamp ink-oozing part formed on the surface of the stamp material and a stamp ink-non-oozing part. The stamp ink-non-oozing part has a heat transfer substance-transferred part which is transferred by heat generation and a stamp material-molten part. The stamp material is molten by the heat generation of the heat transfer substance.