Abstract: In a transmission grating as a dispersive element, diffraction efficiency is enhanced and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. A dispersive element includes resin members for forming a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by two straight lines such as a triangular shape, and metal members as light-shielding members each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating member formed by the resin member. The metal members are configured to reduce zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light, and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of aligning circular multi-core fibers, wherein the method utilized independent and individually selected cores to receive, transmit, and emit light from input devices. The present invention further relates to positioning the ends of a multi-core fiber in order to detect and determine the precise locations of individually selected core fibers.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite film comprising a layer of an organic polymer, wherein the organic polymer is an elastomer; the organic polymer having an elastic modulus of less than or equal to about 105 Pascals when measured at room temperature; and a bundle of carbon fibers disposed in the layer of organic polymer; each bundle comprising a column and an end face; each bundle also having a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the column and passes through the center of the column; the end face of the carbon fiber bundle intercalated with nitrate ions and fibrillated so as to have a surface area measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis that is about 110% to about 250% greater than the surface area of a cross-section of the carbon fiber bundle measured at the column.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wave guide and a ferrule. The optical wave guide has a prespecified horizontal-positioning surface and a prespecified vertical-positioning surface. The ferrule is to precisely couple with the optical wave guide. The ferrule defines a first datum plane mating with the prespecified vertical-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically vertically position the optical wave guide within the ferrule. The ferrule defines a second datum plane mating with the prespecified horizontal-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically horizontally position the optical wave guide within the ferrule.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wave guide and a ferrule. The optical wave guide has a prespecified horizontal-positioning surface and a prespecified vertical-positioning surface. The ferrule is to precisely couple with the optical wave guide. The ferrule defines a first datum plane mating with the prespecified vertical-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically vertically position the optical wave guide within the ferrule. The ferrule defines a second datum plane mating with the prespecified horizontal-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically horizontally position the optical wave guide within the ferrule.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composite film comprising an organic polymer film; the organic polymer film having an elastic modulus of less than or equal to about 105 gigapascals when measured at room temperature; and a bundle of carbon fibers disposed in the organic polymer film; each bundle comprising a column and an end face; each bundle also having a longitudinal axis that is substantially parallel to the column and passes through the center of the column; the end face being fibrillated so as to have a surface area measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis that is about 110 to about 250% greater than the surface area of a cross-section of the carbon fiber measured at the column.

Abstract: In a transmission grating as a dispersive element, diffraction efficiency is enhanced and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. A dispersive element includes resin members for forming a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by two straight lines such as a triangular shape, and metal members as light-shielding members each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating member formed by the resin member. The metal members are configured to reduce zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light, and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wave guide and a ferrule. The optical wave guide has a prespecified horizontal-positioning surface and a prespecified vertical-positioning surface. The ferrule is to precisely couple with the optical wave guide. The ferrule defines a first datum plane mating with the prespecified vertical-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically vertically position the optical wave guide within the ferrule. The ferrule defines a second datum plane mating with the prespecified horizontal-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically horizontally position the optical wave guide within the ferrule.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wave guide and a ferrule. The optical wave guide has a prespecified horizontal-positioning surface and a prespecified vertical-positioning surface. The ferrule is to precisely couple with the optical wave guide. The ferrule defines a first datum plane mating with the prespecified vertical-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically vertically position the optical wave guide within the ferrule. The ferrule defines a second datum plane mating with the prespecified horizontal-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically horizontally position the optical wave guide within the ferrule.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wave guide and a ferrule. The optical wave guide has a prespecified horizontal-positioning surface and a prespecified vertical-positioning surface. The ferrule is to precisely couple with the optical wave guide. The ferrule defines a first datum plane mating with the prespecified vertical-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically vertically position the optical wave guide within the ferrule. The ferrule defines a second datum plane mating with the prespecified horizontal-positioning surface of the optical wave guide to precisely mechanically horizontally position the optical wave guide within the ferrule.

Abstract: A thermal interface structure includes a carbon nanotube layer, in which the carbon nanotubes are oriented parallel to the direction of thermal transmission and metal layers provided on two edge surfaces of the carbon nanotube layer, the edge surfaces being perpendicular to the direction of the thermal transmission and located substantially parallel to the orientation direction at which edges of the carbon nanotubes are oriented.

Abstract: In a transmission grating as a dispersive element, diffraction efficiency is enhanced and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. A dispersive element includes resin members for forming a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by two straight lines such as a triangular shape, and metal members as light-shielding members each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating member formed by the resin member. The metal members are configured to reduce zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light, and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light.

Abstract: Optical device and color display unit to correct an angle of visibility, emphasize front brightness or diffusion degree, improve brightness and the performance of angle of visibility, and moreover improve the performance of chromaticity. An optical device is a film-like optical device for angle-correcting light toward a predetermined direction and of two materials whose refractive index difference is at least 0.1 or over, formed so that one material constitutes a plurality of light guide paths having total reflection at the boundary with the adjacent other material, in which the light guide paths are formed so that they are not arranged at equal intervals or they have different cross sections from each other and the ratio of the width or diameter of the light input portion of each of the light guide paths to the film thickness of an optical device is at least 1:10 or more.

Abstract: Optical signal transmission system comprising optical signal transmission board having first optical waveguide, and optical connection board having second optical waveguide and inserted into opening of optical signal transmission board substantially perpendicularly thereto, opening being provided in upper surface of transmission board. The board comprises: a first board; the first optical waveguide extended on an upper surface of the first board; and a second board made parallel to the first board, the opening extended from the upper surface thereof toward the first board is provided in the optical signal transmission board.

Abstract: A color filterless display device performing color display for expressing one pixel by three RGB sub-pixels includes: a light source; a diffraction grating for separating a light irradiated from this light source into lights of a plurality of wavelength regions; a cylindrical lens array for receiving the separated light and condensing the light while corresponding to each of the sub-pixels; and a liquid crystal cell including a structure portion for correcting an angle of the condensed light for all sub-pixels, wherein, in the structure portion of this liquid crystal cell, a side onto which a light from the cylindrical lens array is made incident is made of a high refractive index layer, an emitting side from which the light is emitted is made of a low refractive index layer, and a Fresnel-type microprism structure is formed by the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: A color filterless display device performing color display for expressing one pixel by three RGB sub-pixels includes: a light source; a diffraction grating for separating a light irradiated from this light source into lights of a plurality of wavelength regions; a cylindrical lens array for receiving the separated light and condensing the light while corresponding to each of the sub-pixels; and a liquid crystal cell including a structure portion for correcting an angle of the condensed light for all sub-pixels, wherein, in the structure portion of this liquid crystal cell, a side onto which a light from the cylindrical lens array is made incident is made of a high refractive index layer, an emitting side from which the light is emitted is made of a low refractive index layer, and a Fresnel-type microprism structure is formed by the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: Optical device and color display unit to correct an angle of visibility, emphasize front brightness or diffusion degree, improve brightness and the performance of angle of visibility, and moreover improve the performance of chromaticity. An optical device is a film-like optical device for angle-correcting light toward a predetermined direction and of two materials whose refractive index difference is at least 0.1 or over, formed so that one material constitutes a plurality of light guide paths having total reflection at the boundary with the adjacent other material, in which the light guide paths are formed so that they are not arranged at equal intervals or they have different cross sections from each other and the ratio of the width or diameter of the light input portion of each of the light guide paths to the film thickness of an optical device is at least 1:10 or more.

Abstract: Optical signal transmission system comprising optical signal transmission board having first optical waveguide, and optical connection board having second optical waveguide and inserted into opening of optical signal transmission board substantially perpendicularly thereto, opening being provided in upper surface of transmission board. The board comprises: a first board; the first optical waveguide extended on an upper surface of the first board; and a second board made parallel to the first board, the opening extended from the upper surface thereof toward the first board is provided in the optical signal transmission board.

Abstract: In a transmission grating as a dispersive element, diffraction efficiency is enhanced and manufacturing costs are considerably reduced. A dispersive element includes resin members for forming a diffraction grating, being composed of a plurality of diffraction grating members having a cross-sectional shape respectively surrounded by two straight lines such as a triangular shape, and metal members as light-shielding members each being formed on corresponding one of the diffraction grating members at one side of the diffraction grating member along any of the straight line and the curved line of the cross-sectional shape of the diffraction grating member formed by the resin member. The metal members are configured to reduce zero-order transmitted light with respect to incident light, and to enhance diffraction efficiency of first-order transmitted light.

Abstract: A backlight apparatus (and light guide and liquid crystal display apparatus incorporating the same) includes a wedge-type light guide having a refractive index n1, and having a top surface, a bottom surface and a side surface, a light source for directing light to the side surface of the wedge-type light guide, a first light transmission layer having a refractive index n2, which is smaller than said refractive index n1, and having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface of the first light transmission layer is attached to the bottom surface of the wedge-type light guide, and a light deflecting layer having a top surface attached to the bottom surface of the first light transmission layer for deflecting the incident light from the first light transmission layer toward the top surface of the wedge-type light guide.