Abstract: A discrete pattern, formed by dots discretely arranged in two dimensions, is provided wherein the dots are generated in a low discrepancy sequence. The dots are preferably generated in a discrete pattern wherein the square of discrepancy D satisfies the formula, D?0.13N?1.15??(1) Further, the method provides for generation of, and the appartus provides implementation of, a discrete pattern even when the filling factor rapidly changes by automatically generating or deleting dots.

Abstract: A color filterless display device performing color display for expressing one pixel by three RGB sub-pixels includes: a light source; a diffraction grating for separating a light irradiated from this light source into lights of a plurality of wavelength regions; a cylindrical lens array for receiving the separated light and condensing the light while corresponding to each of the sub-pixels; and a liquid crystal cell including a structure portion for correcting an angle of the condensed light for all sub-pixels, wherein, in the structure portion of this liquid crystal cell, a side onto which a light from the cylindrical lens array is made incident is made of a high refractive index layer, an emitting side from which the light is emitted is made of a low refractive index layer, and a Fresnel-type microprism structure is formed by the high refractive index layer and the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: A structure and fabrication technology for a reflective, ambient light, low cost display is described incorporating a plurality of cells laid out side by side and stacked as many as three levels on top of each other. Each stack of three cells being driven by an array of TFT's positioned on the bottom layer. Each cell comprises a light transmitting front window, three levels of individual cells RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) stacked on top of each other, each level having its own individual electrode, each electrode being connected by vertical conducting via holes running through each transparent dielectric spacert and being connected to a individual TFT. The bottom panel having a reflective surface so as to provide maximum reflectivity of the ambient light. Placed under the reflective surface is an array of TFT's which provide the electrical impulses necessary to set each individual potential in each vertically stacked cell with respect to ground potential.

Abstract: A discrete pattern, formed by dots discretely arranged in two dimensions, is provided wherein the dots included in a rectangular area having a longitudinal length of Lx and a transverse length of Ly satisfy expression (1), D≦0.13N−1 15  (1) (in expression (1), N denotes the number of dots included in a predetermined area, and D is obtained by expression (2), wherein A(x,y) defines the number of dots, of a total of N dots, included in a rectangular area for which a line segment extended from reference coordinates (0,0) to an arbitrary coordinate point (x,y) is a diagonal line), [Ex.

Abstract: A backlight apparatus (and light guide and liquid crystal display apparatus incorporating the same) includes a wedge-type light guide having a refractive index n1, and having a top surface, a bottom surface and a side surface, a light source for directing light to the side surface of the wedge-type light guide, a first light transmission layer having a refractive index n2, which is smaller than said refractive index n1, and having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface of the first light transmission layer is attached to the bottom surface of the wedge-type light guide, and a light deflecting layer having a top surface attached to the bottom surface of the first light transmission layer for deflecting the incident light from the first light transmission layer toward the top surface of the wedge-type light guide.

Abstract: A backlight apparatus (and light guide and liquid crystal display apparatus incorporating the same) includes a wedge-type light guide having a refractive index n1, and having a top surface, a bottom surface and a side surface, a light source for directing light to the side surface of the wedge-type light guide, a first light transmission layer having a refractive index n2, which is smaller than said refractive index n1, and having a top surface and a bottom surface, wherein the top surface of the first light transmission layer is attached to the bottom surface of the wedge-type light guide, and a light deflecting layer having a top surface attached to the bottom surface of the first light transmission layer for deflecting the incident light from the first light transmission layer toward the top surface of the wedge-type light guide.

Abstract: A light guide system has a light guide having a first end portion opposite a second end portion. The light guide provides a first surface and a second surface between the first and second end portions, and the second surface is inclined relative to the first surface. A light source is disposed along the first end portion on a first axis. A light redistribution device is disposed on an entrance of the light guide for receiving light from the light source and redistributing a portion of the light perpendicular to the first axis to provide a uniform light distribution from the first surface.

Abstract: A discrete pattern, formed by dots discretely arranged in two dimensions, is provided wherein the dots are generated in a low discrepancy sequence.

Abstract: A display device provides a first optical device disposed in a light path for spatially separating angularly separated light into color components, and a pixel which receives each of the color components through a sub-pixel. Each sub-pixel controls transmitted light intensity therethrough. A black matrix is formed in operative relationship with the sub-pixels including apertures for receiving the color components. A microstructured layer is disposed in the light path and receives or transmits the color components from or to the apertures of the black matrix. The microstructured layer includes tilted and/or curved surfaces for redirecting laterally shifted color components shifted by the first optical device and may also diffuse light.

Abstract: A discrete pattern, formed by dots discretely arranged in two dimensions, is provided wherein the dots included in a rectangular area having a longitudinal length of Lx and a transverse length of Ly satisfy expression (1),

Abstract: A structure and fabrication technology for a reflective, ambient light, low cost display is described incorporating a plurality of cells laid out side by side and stacked as many as three levels on top of each other. Each stack of three cells being driven by an array of TFT's positioned on the bottom layer. Each cell comprises a light transmitting front window, three levels of individual cells RGB (Red, Green, and Blue) stacked on top of each other, each level having its own individual electrode, each electrode being connected by vertical conducting via holes running through each transparent dielectric spacert and being connected to a individual TFT. The bottom panel having a reflective surface so as to provide maximum reflectivity of the ambient light. Placed under the reflective surface is an array of TFT's which provide the electrical impulses necessary to set each individual potential in each vertically stacked cell with respect to ground potential.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device includes a first transparent substrate, a first electrode disposed on one surface of the first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate having a first surface and a second surface, and a second electrode disposed on the first surface of the second transparent substrate. The first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate are arranged so that the first electrode and the second electrode face each other and a space is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. A guest-host liquid crystal layer is disposed in the space, and the first electrode and the second electrode define a plurality of picture element positions. A reflector unit having a shape of a trigonal pyramid is disposed at each of the plurality of picture element positions on the second surface of the second transparent substrate.

Abstract: A low cost LCD device employing a high speed field sequential drive scheme.

Abstract: A display device provides a first optical device disposed in a light path for spatially separating angularly separated light into color components, and a pixel which receives each of the color components through a sub-pixel. Each sub-pixel controls transmitted light intensity therethrough. A black matrix is formed in operative relationship with the sub-pixels including apertures for receiving the color components. A microstructured layer is disposed in the light path and receives or transmits the color components from or to the apertures of the black matrix. The microstructured layer includes tilted and/or curved surfaces for redirecting laterally shifted color components shifted by the first optical device and may also diffuse light.

Abstract: The present invention is a wavelength converting device comprising a plurality of nonlinear optical crystals for transmitting light by second harmonic generation. Each crystal piece has a crystal axis respectively and is positioned with the crystal angle satisfying a phase matching condition for second harmonic generation and so that the adjacent crystal axis is oriented in a crystallographically different way. In one embodiment, the acceptance angle .phi. in the insensitive direction becomes the same as the acceptance angle .theta. in the sensitive direction. Therefore, there is no need for gathering light to an oval shape, and maximum conversion efficiency can be obtained by gathering light with a conventional spherical lens.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB (optically compensated birefringence) which realizes a wide view-field angle and high-speed response, and has an object of providing a driving method of a liquid crystal display device which method causes an OCB cell to transfer from a splay orientation state to a bend orientation state in short time.In a driving method of a liquid crystal display device using an OCB cell, gate on/off periods of a TFT are controlled at a start of a display operation, each pixel is caused to have bend orientation by a strong electric field that is generated between a gate electrode and a common electrode, and, at the same time, a voltage that is higher than that to generate an electric field necessary to maintain bend orientation is applied between a display electrode and the common electrode, to thereby effect transfer to bend orientation in short time.

Abstract: An energy application apparatus and a method to operate at high speed that makes high usage of light. An exposure apparatus includes a laser oscillator, an optical shutter, imaging lenses, a screen, a vertical deflecting device, a horizontal deflecting device, a vertical moving device, a liquid crystal panel, and a controller. A light beam emitted from the laser oscillator passes through the optical shutter when in its open position, and is directed by the imaging lens onto the slit or pattern on the screen. After passing through the slit, the light is gradually made to converge by the imaging lens and to enter the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the vertical direction, and the deflected beam enters the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the horizontal direction. Thereafter, the beam exposes a desired location of the liquid crystal panel located on the stage to form an image thereon.

Abstract: An energy application apparatus and a method to operate at high speed that makes high usage of light. An exposure apparatus includes a laser oscillator, an optical shutter, imaging lenses, a screen, a vertical deflecting device, a horizontal deflecting device, a vertical moving device, a liquid crystal panel, and a controller. A light beam emitted from the laser oscillator passes through the optical shutter when in its open position, and is directed by the imaging lens onto the slit or pattern on the screen. After passing through the slit, the light is gradually made to converge by the imaging lens and to enter the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the vertical direction, and the deflected beam enters the galvanomirror. The galvanomirror deflects the beam by a predetermined angle in the horizontal direction. Thereafter, the beam exposes a desired location of the liquid crystal panel located on the stage to form an image thereon.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and method of making same. The device, which includes a first substrate; a first orientation polymer film, disposed on the first substrate, having at least one segment whose molecules are aligned in a linear direction; a second substrate; a second orientation polymer film disposed on the second substrate; and a liquid crystal material disposed between the first and second orientation films, is fabricated in a method which includes applying a polymer to a first substrate to form a polymer film; rubbing the first substrate to form a polymer orientation film; irradiating, with a linear polarized electromagnetic wave, at least one segment of the first substrate on which rubbing has occurred; repeating the procedure conducted on the first substrate to a second substrate to form a second polymer orientation film; and introducing a liquid crystal between the first and second polymer orientation films.

Abstract: A method is provided for modifying a photosensitive chemical material which controls exposure to make spectral intensity ratio constant, adjusts the pre-tilt angles of a liquid crystal orientation film easily and accurately, and gives desired properties to the photosensitive chemical material. A photosensitive chemical material is patterned by the photochemical reaction of a photosensitive chemical material. The photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light emitted from a light source having a line spectrum having almost single wavelength between 200 nm and 300 nm (for example, a low pressure mercury lamp or a laser lamp) according to a pattern to control the reaction of the photosensitive chemical material. Also, the photosensitive chemical material is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 nm or longer to make the photosensitive chemical material cause a reaction to occur that selectively generates active oxygen.