Abstract: A photomask for negative-tone development (NTD) includes a main region, and a scribe lane region surrounding the main region and including a first lane and a second lane. The first and the second lane is provided at first opposite sides of each other with respect to the main region. The first lane includes a first sub-lane extending in a first direction and a second sub-lane that extending in the first direction. The first sub-lane includes a first dummy pattern and the second sub-lane includes a second dummy pattern. The first dummy pattern and the second dummy pattern are configured to radiate light exceeding a threshold dose of light to a first portion of a negative-tone photoresist provided under the first lane of the photomask.

Abstract: A system for evaluating candidate materials for fabrication of integrated circuits includes a data processor coupled to a memory. Roughly described, the data processor is configured to: calculate and write to a first database, for each of a plurality of candidate materials, values for each property in a set of intermediate properties; calculate and write to a second database, values for a selected target property for various combinations of values for the intermediate properties and values describing candidate environments; and for a particular candidate material and a particular environment in combination, determine values for the intermediate properties for the candidate material by reference to the first database, and determine the value of the target property for the candidate material by querying the second database with, in combination, (1) the determined intermediate property values of the candidate material and (2) a value or values describing the particular environment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor die, a defect detection structure and an input-output circuit. The semiconductor die includes a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region. The peripheral region includes a left-bottom corner region, a left-upper corner region, a right-upper corner region and a right-bottom corner region. The defect detection structure is formed in the peripheral region. The defect detection structure includes a first conduction loop in the left-bottom corner region, a second conduction loop in the right-bottom corner region, a third conduction loop in the left-bottom corner region and the left-upper corner region and a fourth conduction loop in the right-bottom corner region and the right-upper corner region. The input-output circuit is electrically connected to end nodes of the first conduction loop, the second conduction loop, the third conduction loop and the fourth conduction loop.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device, a method for manufacturing a magnetic memory device, and a substrate treating apparatus, the device including a substrate including a first memory region and a second memory region; a first magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the first memory region, the first magnetic tunnel junction pattern including a first free pattern and a first oxide pattern on the first free pattern; and a second magnetic tunnel junction pattern on the second memory region, the second magnetic tunnel junction pattern including a second free pattern and a second oxide pattern on the second free pattern, wherein a ratio of a thickness of the first oxide pattern to a thickness of the first free pattern is different from a ratio of a thickness of the second oxide pattern to a thickness of the second free pattern.

Abstract: A memory system includes: a memory device suitable for storing an encrypted first boot image including first firmware, an encrypted second boot image including second firmware, and a second authentication key for decrypting the encrypted second boot image, and a controller suitable for controlling the memory device and including a boot memory provided with a boot loader and a first authentication key for decrypting the encrypted first boot image, one or more first processing blocks each of which includes a first core, one or more second processing blocks each of which includes a second core, and a buffer memory.

Abstract: Provided is a method for determining whether or not infection with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus exists. The method includes a first sap extraction step of immersing a first fragment sample taken from a first tree in a solvent to extract a first sap contained in the first fragment sample of the first tree, a first concentration analysis step of analyzing a first concentration of an organic compound contained in the first sap, and a first comparison step of comparing the first concentration with a reference concentration of the organic compound contained in the sap of a tree that has not been infected with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, so as to determine whether or not a coniferous tree is infected with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a memory system including a plurality of logical address groups each having a preset logical address range. The operation method may include: selecting a victim block; selecting a plurality of target blocks among empty blocks; mapping at least one logical address group of the logical address groups to each of the target blocks; determining a first logical address group including a logical address of first valid data stored in the victim block, among the logical address groups; and backing up the first valid data into a first target block mapped to the first logical address group among the target blocks.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device is provided. The wearable electronic device includes a main body and a wearing unit that allows the main body to be worn on a user's body. The wearing unit may include a first wearing member extending from the main body, a binding member coupled to the first wearing member to be moved in a longitudinal direction of the first wearing member, and a driving member installed in the first wearing member to move the binding member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an air conditioner and control method of determining duration to be maintained at a reference temperature of a mode change based on an outdoor temperature. The air conditioner includes a compressor, an outdoor heat exchanger, an indoor heat exchanger, a four-way valve configured to guide refrigerant compressed in the compressor to either the outdoor heat exchanger or the indoor heat exchanger according to a cooling mode or a heating mode, and a controller configured to determine duration corresponding to a measured outdoor temperature, change the heating mode to the cooling mode when the measured indoor temperature is maintained at a first reference indoor temperature or greater for the determined duration, and change the cooling mode to the heating mode when a measured indoor temperature is maintained at a second reference indoor temperature or less for the determined duration.

Abstract: A kinetic energy harvester includes a P-type hydrogel composite electrode; an N-type hydrogel composite electrode; a separator disposed between the P-type hydrogel composite electrode and the N-type hydrogel composite electrode; and a current collector between the P-type hydrogel composite electrode and the N-type composite electrode.

Abstract: A remote-controlled gasoline cleaner including a main unit, sprayer, and remote control. The main unit includes a controller, start switch device, stop switch device, and gasoline engine start/stop apparatus. The remote control sends a start remote control signal or stop remote control signal to the main unit. The controller controls the start switch device in response to the start remote control signal received, and controls the stop switch device in response to the stop remote control signal received. The start switch device receives a start command of the controller to connect to a power supply circuit of a starter motor in the gasoline engine start/stop apparatus. The starter motor starts a gasoline engine. The stop switch device receives a stop command of the controller to connect to a short circuit of an ignition coil in the gasoline engine start/stop apparatus, thereby blowing out the gasoline engine.

Abstract: A chip component includes a magnetic substrate having ferrite layers, and an insulating layer disposed on the magnetic substrate and having an electrode disposed therein. An external electrode is connected to the electrode on the insulating layer. The magnetic substrate and the insulating layer have a chemical coupling structure formed on an interface therebetween. The chemical coupling structure includes Si—O—C or Si—O—N.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode substrate for a transparent light emitting device display that includes laminating copper foil on a transparent base material; forming a copper foil pattern by etching the copper foil; forming a transparent photosensitive resin composition layer on a front surface of the transparent base material and the copper foil pattern; and exposing at least a part of the copper foil pattern by removing at least a part of the transparent photosensitive resin composition layer provided on the copper foil pattern.

Abstract: A mobile terminal and control method to share content with a device and control the device are provide. The mobile terminal includes a communication unit to communicate with a host and the device; a search unit to receive content information and device information; an input unit to receive a content selection signal and a device selection signal; and a control unit to control the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal receives content information from a host and selects content to be outputted to a device selected from device information from the host. The mobile terminal controls the selected device using control commands transmitted to the selected device based on a control mode. If the control mode is not stored in the mobile terminal, the mobile terminal may receive the control mode from the host.

Abstract: A process for optimizing the design of a semi-open centrifugal pump impeller involves the steps of, reducing the number of long blades and adding a medium length splitter blade and a short length splitter blade having varying circumferential distances between any two optimized long blades. Each medium length and short length splitter blade have the same outlet position, profile and thickness as the optimized long blade; however, the medium length and short length splitter blades have different inlet positions relative to the optimized long blade. The long blade, medium length splitter blade and short length splitter blade are arranged in circumferential sequence along the direction of rotation of the impeller. This optimization improves various problems arising from the original semi-open centrifugal pumps, including low efficiency, significant loss at the inlet, inlet cavitation, separation of boundary layers at the blade inlets, narrow lift range of the dead point and excessive noise.

Abstract: Vending machines for storing and dispensing products to consumers in a space-efficient manner. A vending machine may include a product compartment, a product storage system, a support structure, a dispensing port, and a product delivery system. The support structure may elevate the product compartment and form a void beneath the product compartment. Other structures may occupy the void beneath the product compartment, or humans may walk through the void beneath the product compartment. A product may be automatically moved from the product compartment to the dispensing port using the product delivery system.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an austenitic steel having excellent surface characteristic, and a method of manufacturing the same. Provided are an austenitic steel having excellent surface characteristic, and a method for producing the same, the austenitic steel according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprising, by weight, carbon (C): 0.6% to 1.3%, manganese (Mn): 14% to 22%, copper (Cu): 5% or less (excluding 0%), chromium (Cr): 5% or less (excluding 0%), silicon (Si): 1.0% or less (excluding 0%), aluminum (Al): 0.5% or less (excluding 0%), phosphorus (P): 0.1% or less (including 0%), sulfur (S): 0.02% or less (including 0%), a remainder of iron (Fe), and inevitable impurities, wherein a microstructure of the austenitic steel comprises, by area, 5% or less of carbide and a remaining austenite structure, and a surface defect size of the austenitic steel is 0.3 mm or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a glass protective film for covering a curved surface which protects display areas of a portable display including a flat display area and a curved display area. The glass protective film for covering the curved surface includes a glass film member having a flat area portion corresponding to the flat display area and a curved area portion corresponding to the curved display area and an adhesive layer adhering the entire area of the lower surface of the glass film member to the display area of the portable display.

Abstract: A method of operating a robot includes detecting movement of a video call counterpart using a video call counterpart robot included in image data received from the video call counterpart robot; canceling movement of a user from detected movement of the video call counterpart; and determining motion corresponding to the canceled movement of the video call counterpart.

Abstract: The present embodiment relates to a dual lens drive device that comprises: a housing; a first bobbin which is disposed to move in a first direction inside the housing; a second bobbin which is disposed to move in the first direction inside housing and is spaced apart from the first bobbin; a first coil which is disposed on the first bobbin; a second coil which is disposed on the second bobbin; a magnet which is disposed in the housing and faces the first coil and the second coil; a base which is disposed below the housing; a substrate which comprises a circuit member having a third coil disposed to face the magnet between the housing and the base; and a support member which movably supports the housing with respect to the substrate, wherein the housing is integrally formed.