Abstract: A method of performing initial ranging in a wireless communication system includes transmitting a ranging request message and receiving a ranging response message including a temporary identifier for a mobile station which transmits the ranging request message. By using the temporary identifier which identifies the mobile station before establishing authentication, it is possible to prevent the MAC address from being exposed to a malicious attacker through a wireless interface and to secure location privacy.

Abstract: An operating method of a source Base Station (BS) for inter-frame sharing in a Cognitive Radio (CR) system includes generating a first random number for a frame contention; requesting the frame contention to one or more destination BSs by carrying the first random number; receiving responses for the frame contention request from the one or more destination BSs; and when positive responses for the frame contention request are received from all of the one or more destination BSs, occupying one or more requested contention frames.

Abstract: A method of presenting auxiliary data for an interactive recording medium is disclosed. In an interactive recording medium reproducing apparatus that reproduces A/V data and contents data recorded on an interactive recording medium and contents data provided by a contents providing server, the contents data provided by the contents providing server is presented appropriately according to the attributes of the contents data by using attribute information for the contents data.

Abstract: Provided is a solid electrolytic capacitor including a capacitor element with a positive polarity; an anode wire of which one side is inserted into the capacitor element and the other side projects outward from the capacitor element; a cathode extraction layer formed on the capacitor element; a plurality of conductive bumps formed on the cathode extraction layer; an anode lead frame fixed to the side of the capacitor element, where the anode wire projects outward, and having an insertion portion into which the projecting end of the anode wire is inserted; a molding portion formed to surround the capacitor element and exposing the projecting end of the anode wire, the outer surface of the anode lead frame, and ends of the conductive bumps; an anode lead terminal provided on the molding portion so as to be electrically connected to the exposed end of the anode wire and the anode lead frame; and a cathode lead terminal provided on the molding portion so as to be electrically connected to the exposed ends of the

Abstract: A method of emergency communication between a mobile station and a base station in a broadband radio access system and a mobile station which supports the method of emergency communication are disclosed. The method of emergency communication is divided into a case where the mobile station requests an emergency service in a state that the mobile station is registered with the base station and a case where the mobile station requests an emergency service in a state that the mobile is not registered with the base station. In case of the one case, the mobile station requests the base station of an emergency service using a newly defined emergency code or a conventional bandwidth request code and negotiates a basic function required for an emergency service with the base station through predetermined header data.

Abstract: Disclosed therein is a reverse osmosis water purifier having a simple filter configuration, which includes filter parts consisted of a sediment-filter, a chlorine-resistant polyamide composite membrane and a post-carbon-filter. The reverse osmosis water purifier can be designed in slim size by omitting a pre-carbon-filter, and provide drinking water of good quality since a portion of the residual chlorine in the feed water pass through the chlorine-resistant polyamide composite membrane to the downstream of said membrane and the residual chlorine can inhibit an adventitious growth of microorganism in the post-carbon-filter or the purified-water tank.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of transmitting a media independent handover (MIH) protocol message in a wireless access system. A method for a mobile node to transmit an MIH message in a wireless access system includes receiving a primitive including prescribed information from a first entity, generating the MIH message by mapping a transport address to the primitive, and transmitting the MIH message to one or more network nodes. According to the present invention, transmission defects of the message are effectively reduced by accurately mapping an MIHF ID and a transport address.

Abstract: A cable assembly with at least one dustproof cover, comprises a first connector with a first locking member thereon, a second connector with a second locking member thereon and paralleled with first connector. A cable is electrically connected with the first and second connectors and vertical with the first and second connectors. A first dustproof cover is covered to the first connector and enclosing the first locking member. And a second dustproof cover is covered to the second connector and enclosing the second locking member.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to example embodiments may include a light source; an all-in-one type light guide plate; a reflective plate; and a display panel. The all-in-one type light guide plate may include a light guide member and light emitting members, wherein the light guide member reflects light incident from the light source toward the light emitting members, and the light emitting members protrude from one side of the light guide member and emit light incident from the light guide member. The light guide member and the light emitting members may be integrally formed or individually combined to form an all-in-one type light guide plate. The display apparatus may form an image using light from a backlight unit and external light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zinc ferrite catalyst, a method of producing the same, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the same. Specifically, the present invention relates to a zinc ferrite catalyst which is produced in a pH-adjusted solution using a coprecipitation method, a method of producing the same, and a method of preparing 1,3-butadiene using the same, in which the 1,3-butadiene can be prepared directly using a C4 mixture including n-butene and n-butane through an oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. The present invention is advantageous in that 1,3-butadiene can be obtained at a high yield directly using a C4 fraction without performing an additional process for separating n-butene, as a reactant, from a C4 fraction containing impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to peptides comprising the amino acid sequence represented by the following formula 1 and having the activities of epidermal growth factor and their uses: Cys-Met-Tyr-Ile-Glu-Linker-Arg-Gly-Asp (1) The EGF-mimicking peptides of the present invention possess identical functions or activities to natural-occurring human EGF and are able to promote the generation of autocrine EGF in cells. In addition the peptides of the present invention are much higher stability and skin penetration potency than natural-occurring EGF. Therefore, the composition containing the peptide exhibits excellent treatment and prevention efficacies on diseases or conditions demanding EGF activities, and can be advantageously applied to pharmaceutical compositions, quasi-drugs and cosmetics.

Abstract: The embodiment provides a connection pipe and a refrigerant flowing system comprising the same. The connection pipe and the refrigerant flowing system include: a connection pipe main body of which both ends are coupled to first and second refrigerant pipes through which refrigerant is flowed and that has a channel through which refrigerant transferred from the first refrigerant pipe to be transferred to the second refrigerant pipe is flowed; and a flow interfering part that is provided on the channel to interfere the flow of the refrigerant in the direction transferred from the first refrigerant pipe to the channel.

Abstract: A phase change memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having an active region. An insulation layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate grooves and holes are defined in the insulation layer, with the holes being defined under the grooves to expose portions of the active region. Cell switching are elements formed in the holes and lower portions of the grooves and a phase change layer formed in upper portions of the grooves over the cell switching elements and on portions of the insulation layer adjacent to the grooves such that the phase change layer has a pore structure. Top electrodes are formed on the phase change layer.

Abstract: A system and method are used for sending and receiving email. The system includes a gateway. The gateway communicates with the mobile phone via a wireless network capable of receiving a short message sent from a mobile phone. The gateway is connected to a mail server which has a plurality of mailboxes via a network. The gateway is capable of communicating between the mobile phone and the mail server in such a manner that the gateway converts the short message to an email, and sends the email to a receiver's mailbox in the mail server whose address is included in the short message, and the gateway converts the emails of the mailboxes of the mail server to short messages, and sends the short messages to the corresponding mobile phones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, system, and RNC for implementing service functions in a shared radio access network (RAN). The method includes: dividing different subsystems of a physical radio network controller (RNC) into different logical RNCs and coupling each logical RNC to at least one service function entity, where the service function entity belongs to at least one operator and service function entities of different operators implement independent service functions through coupled logical RNCs. The present invention also provides a system and RNC for implementing service functions in a shared RAN. With the present invention, different operators in a shared RAN may use different service function entities to meet their own service function requirements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a broadband voltage controlled oscillator and a method for generating a broadband oscillation frequency; and, more particularly, to a broadband voltage controlled oscillator and a method for generating a broadband oscillation frequency capable of operating over a wide frequency band by including a weighted current cell to select two frequency band modes, generating various levels of total 64 oscillation frequencies by including a variable frequency tank and a capacitor bank, and further facilitating adjustment of the total 64 oscillation frequencies distributed over the wide frequency band by including a control signal generator for generating control signals each of which is applied to the weighted current cell, the variable frequency tank and the capacitor bank by a BDD(Binary Decision Diagram) technique.

Abstract: A delay locked loop (DLL) circuit includes a phase detection unit configured to generate a phase detection signal by comparing a phase of a reference clock signal with a phase of a feedback clock signal. An update control apparatus is configured to generate a valid interval signal and an update control signal by determining a difference between the number of first logical values and the number of second logical values of the phase detection signal in response to the reference clock signal. A shift register configured to update a delay value granted to a delay line in response to the update control signal when the valid interval signal is enabled.

Abstract: A functionalized polymer includes a polymer chain and, bonded thereto, an functional group having the general formula —NHAR1 where A is an oxygen atom, a sulfinyl (thionyl) group, a sulfonyl group, a quaternary phosphonium group, or a secondary amino group and where R1 is a hydrogen atom or a moiety of the general formula —CH2Z where Z is H or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkenaryl, aralkenyl, alkaryl, or aralkyl group. The material can be the reaction product of a living polymer and a compound that includes protected imine functionality. The functional group can interact with particulate filler such as, e.g., carbon black.

Abstract: A bidirectional memory array architecture for non-volatile memory is disclosed. In accordance with some embodiments, a plurality of memory cells are arranged into an M number of rows and an N number of columns with each memory cell having a resistive sense element (RSE) and a switching device. A total number of M+N+1 control lines extend adjacent to and are connected with the memory cells to facilitate bi-directional programming of resistive states to each memory cell.

Abstract: A duty cycle correction apparatus includes a fixed delay unit configured to set a fixed delay time to a DLL clock signal and generate a delay rising clock signal; a variable delay unit configured to delay the DLL clock signal in response to a control signal and generate a delay falling clock signal; a duty cycle correction unit configured to generate a correction rising clock signal and a correction falling clock signal that are toggled in conformity with edge timing of the delay rising clock signal and the delay falling clock signal; and a delay control unit configured to detect duty cycles of the correction rising clock signal and the correction falling clock signal and generate the control signal.