Abstract: A semiconductor package can comprise a die stack attached to a substrate, with bond wires electrically connecting the two. Often multiple die stacks are adhered to a single substrate so that several semiconductor packages can be manufactured at once. A molding compound flow controller is optimally associated with the substrate or semiconductor package at one or more various locations. Flow controllers can control or direct the flow of the molding compound during the encapsulation process. Flow controllers can be sized, shaped, and positioned in order to smooth out the flow of the molding compound, such that the speed of the flow is substantially equivalent over areas of the substrate containing dies and over areas of the substrate without dies. In this manner, defects such as voids in the encapsulation, wire sweeping, and wire shorts can be substantially avoided during encapsulation.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device and method thereof are provided. The example semiconductor memory device may include a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells, an expected data generating unit receiving a plurality of initial expected data through at least one address pad during a memory operation and generating a plurality of expected data based on the plurality of initial expected data, the at least one address pad being separate from a data input/output pad and a parallel bit test circuit generating test result data based on a plurality of read data and the plurality of expected data.

Abstract: The advantage of the present invention is to provide a sleep mode driving method for reducing power consumption of a portable terminal in a portable Internet system, and to provide the method for the portable terminal to shift into a sleep mode or an awake mode without loss of transmitting and receiving traffic. The portable terminal transmits a sleep mode request message SLP-REQ to the base station, and receives a sleep mode response message SLP-RSP from the base station, so that it can shift to the sleep mode. The portable terminal receives a traffic indication message TRF-IND from the base station during the sleep mode, and shifts to the awake mode. The portable terminal transmits a wake up information message WKUP-INF informing of a normal operation state, and receives downlink traffic from the base station.

Abstract: Provided are a method of manufacturing a transparent N-doped p-type ZnO semiconductor layer using a surface chemical reaction between precursors containing elements constituting thin layers, and a thin film transistor (TFT) including the p-type ZnO semiconductor layer. The method includes the steps of: preparing a substrate and loading the substrate into a chamber; injecting a Zn precursor and an oxygen precursor into the chamber, and causing a surface chemical reaction between the Zn precursor and the oxygen precursor using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to form a ZnO thin layer on the substrate; and injecting a Zn precursor and an nitrogen precursor into the chamber, and causing a surface chemical reaction between the Zn precursor and the nitrogen precursor to form a doping layer on the ZnO thin layer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a fabrication method includes forming a gate line disposed along a first direction and a common line parallel to the gate line on a substrate, the gate and common lines spaced apart from each other, forming a gate insulating layer on the gate and common lines, forming a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, forming a source electrode and a pixel electrode of transparent conductive material, the pixel electrode including a drain electrode portion, the drain electrode portion overlapping the semiconductor layer, forming a passivation layer including a first contact hole and an open portion, the first contact hole exposing the source electrode and the open portion exposing the pixel electrode, respectively, and forming a data line disposed along a second direction on the passivation layer, the data line connected to the source electrode through the first contact hole and crossing the gate line.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a control gate electrode disposed on a substrate with a first insulation layer interposed therebetween and a floating gate disposed in a hole exposing substrate through the control gate electrode and the first insulation layer. A second insulation layer is interposed between the floating gate and the substrate, and between the floating gate and the control gate.

Abstract: A method and system of quantitatively evaluating subjective inconvenience, e.g., physiological fatigue and emotional fatigue, experienced by a user when the user views a three-dimensional display screen, based on objectively measurable indices. The method includes sorting words representing a degree of fatigue associated with a 3D image display among a plurality of words, grouping the sorted words through factor analysis, setting words with the highest factor weight as subjective parameters, receiving evaluation scores for the subjective parameters while varying test values of objective parameter candidates capable of representing 3D image characteristics in numerical values, obtaining a correlation between each of indices for N groups and each of the objective parameter candidates using the evaluation scores, and applying the factor weight to the indices to represent the degree of fatigue in the objective parameter candidates.

Abstract: A button assembly and washing machine having the same, in which the adjacent push buttons are prevented from being pressed together by a user. The button assembly includes a panel, at least two push buttons provided to the panel, and at least one push guide provided on a surface of the panel for preventing the at least two push buttons from being simultaneously pressed together by a user.

Abstract: A laser level with temperature control device (2) and the temperature control method thereof are disclosed. The temperature control device includes a thermal insulation chamber (22), a thermoelectric cooler (25), a control unit (21), and first and second temperature sensors (23, 24). The second temperature sensor is received in the thermal insulation chamber together with a tilt sensor (12). The control unit controls operation of the thermoelectric cooler according to the external and internal temperature signals respectively output by the first and second temperature sensors, so as to adjust the internal temperature inside the thermal insulation chamber to be a calibration temperature point close to the external temperature. Accordingly, the temperature drift problem can be addressed, and the working temperature of the tilt sensor can be maintained in a stable range. Further, the acceptable ambient temperature range within which the tilt sensor works can be expanded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing tetrahydrofuran from 1,4-butandiol. According to the process in the present invention, a metal sulfate catalyst selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, nickel sulfate, ferrous sulfate and chrome sulfate is pre-treated with an inert gas to be activated, followed by introducing into a reactor together with 1,4-butandiol.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device including a dual-hybrid liner in which an underlying silicide layer is protected from photoresist stripping chemicals by using a hard mask as a pattern during etching, rather than using a photoresist. The hard mask prevents exposure of a silicide layer to photoresist stripping chemicals and provides very good lateral dimension control such that the two nitride liners are well aligned.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes forming first and second conductive layers on a substrate, wherein the first layer is transparent; patterning the second conductive layer and the first conductive layer using the photo-resist pattern as a mask; etching at least one lateral part of the patterned second conductive layer using the photo-resist pattern as a mask; and removing the remaining photo-resist pattern.

Abstract: A binuclear organometallic complex enabling highly efficient phospholuminescence and an organic electroluminescent device using the same. The binuclear organometallic complex, which can be suitably used to form an organic layer of an organic electroluminescent device, produces luminescence in the wavelength range of 430-650 nm, and induces white electroluminescence when combined with green and red luminescent materials.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the semiconductor device, a plug and a channel structure are formed. The plug fills an opening and the channel structure extends upwardly from the plug. The channel structure has a substantially vertical sidewall. The opening is formed through an insulation structure located on a substrate. The plug and the channel structure comprise a material in a single crystalline state that is changed from an amorphous state by an irradiation of a laser beam. The channel structure is doped with impurities such as boron, phosphorus or arsenic.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable media player, such as a portable DVD player. The portable media player has a clamshell type design, including a base portion and an openable cover portion. The openable cover portion includes a display screen, such as an LCD display screen. The player may include a single-hinge stand attached to an outer surface of the base portion so that DVDs may be viewed with the player positioned to stand upright or partially upright. The player may alternatively or additionally include an optionally attachable dual hinge stand having a base including a battery.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for adaptive wireless channel estimation. Once a packet is received, this invention analyzes channel interference index for a moving vehicle, and computes a first recursive parameter, a second recursive parameter and an interpolation number. Based on the first recursive parameter and the interpolation number, partial channel information is calculated for further channel estimation by using an interpolation. The parameter of an equalizer is also immediately updated. Cooperating with a decision feedback scheme and based on the second recursive parameter, channel tracking is performed. In order to achieve the adaptive channel estimation for wireless access on the time-variant vehicle environment, the parameter for the algorithm for performing the channel estimation is adjusted.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing to metallic chromium the chromium oxide material found in slag formed in an electric arc furnace during the process of making stainless steel in that furnace. The chromium oxide content of the slag can be effectively reduced to a relatively low concentration by maintaining the slag in a liquid phase while at the same time blowing into the furnace via a carrier gas certain amounts of powdered aluminum dross. In particular, powdered aluminum dross can be blown into the furnace in amounts ranging from about 10 to 20 kg of dross per ton of molten steel in the furnace. Alternatively, powdered aluminum dross can be blown into the furnace in a thrown-in amount which satisfies the equation: 0.5?[Thrown-In Al dross (ton)×100]/[Slag in Furnace (ton)×Cr2O3 (wt %)]?1.0. Via such a method used during the stainless steel making process, the recovery of valuable chromium and the rate of chromium oxide reduction can be increased.