Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first gate isolation structure. A second gate isolation structure is spaced apart from the first gate isolation structure in a first direction. A first active pattern is disposed between the first and second gate isolation structures. The first active pattern extends longitudinally in a second direction crossing the first direction. A second active pattern is disposed between the first and second gate isolation structures. The second active pattern extends longitudinally in the second direction and is spaced apart from the first active pattern in the first direction. Gate structures are disposed between the first and second gate isolation structures. The gate structures directly contact the first and second gate isolation structures. A length of the first gate isolation structure in the second direction is greater than a length of the second gate isolation structure in the second direction.

Abstract: A smart key system of a vehicle that notifies a user that a fob battery needs to be replaced, including a fob configured to transmit information that the battery needs to be replaced to an in-vehicle communication module configured to transmit the information to an identification authentication unit (IAU); and the IAU configured to transmit the information to an integrated body unit (IBU) configured to notify a user of the information. A smart key system includes: a fob configured to transmit failure information to a BLE module when UWB communication fails due to battery voltage drop; the BLE module configured to receive the failure information, and measure a distance for positioning the fob using a BLE signal; and an IBU configured to transmit an operation signal to a controller configured to control at least one function among vehicle door opening and closing, vehicle start, remote parking, and vehicle door locking.

Abstract: A low power operating method for a smart key remote controller of a vehicle , wherein the method includes connecting the smart key remote controller to a smart key control system in a vehicle based on a first frequency signal, after the connection, acquiring a vibration detection value through a vibration detection sensor, checking a strength of the first frequency signal (a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)) received after the connection, determining whether the vibration detection value is greater than or equal to a preset vibration value and the strength of the first frequency signal is greater than or equal to a preset signal strength value, and when a determination result is satisfied, activating a module corresponding to a second frequency signal.

Abstract: A smart key system for a vehicle includes a communication unit configured to communicate with a smart key, memory configured to store a code and a count that are included in a signal received from the smart key, and a processor configured to identify whether the smart key has been registered with the vehicle based on the signal, determine whether the count is normal by comparing the count with a pre-stored count, control a door of the vehicle in response to the code when the count is normal, and control the door to maintain a lock state when the count is not normal. The present disclosure has effects in that a signal of the smart key and a hacked signal can be easily distinguished and the security of a vehicle can be improved by using a count that is generated based on the vibration of the smart key.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a submodule. An enclosure 20 may form the exterior of the submodule 10 of the present disclosure. A first opening 25 may be formed on one side surface 24 of the enclosure 20. A heat sink 30 may be installed in the first opening 25. The inner surface of the heat sink 30 faces the inside of the enclosure 20, and the outer surface of the heat sink 30 may form one outer surface of the enclosure 20. A heating element such as a power semiconductor 32 or a control board may be installed on the heat sink 30. An inlet 34 and an outlet 36 may be provided at one side edge of the heat sink 30 to communicate with a flow path formed therein and allow cooling fluid to flow in and out.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern with a first impurity having a first conductivity, first and second nanosheets on the active pattern, a gate electrode on the active pattern and surrounding each of the first and second nanosheets, a lower source/drain region on the active pattern, an uppermost surface of the lower source/drain region being lower than a lower surface of the second nanosheet, and the lower source/drain region being doped with a second impurity having the first conductivity, an upper source/drain region on the lower source/drain region, the upper source/drain region being doped with a third impurity having a second conductivity different from the first conductivity, and a gate insulation layer between the gate electrode and the lower and upper source/drain regions, the gate insulation layer being in contact with each of the lower and upper source/drain regions.

Abstract: Proposed is a sub-module of a power converter, the sub-module capable of allowing failure-causing electric current to quickly bypass the sub-module when a failure occurs in the sub-module. A sub-module of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sub-module including an energy storage unit, at least one power semiconductor circuit connected, in parallel, to the energy storage unit and configured with a plurality of power semiconductor switches and a plurality of freewheeling diodes, and a switching element arranged between two output terminals connected to one of one or more of the power semiconductor circuits, forced to undergo an induced failure when an induced-failure signal is input into a gate terminal thereof, and internally short-circuited, thereby connecting the output terminals to each other.

Abstract: Proposed is a submodule of an MMC converter configured to stably supply power to a submodule controller controlling the submodule of an MMC converter. The submodule includes: an energy storage part storing electric energy therein; a plurality of switching elements connected in parallel to the energy storage part to have a shape of a bridge; a plurality of serially-connected resistors connected in parallel to the energy storage part; a plurality of DC-DC converters connected in parallel to a resistor of the plurality of resistors; a power switching part operating to select and output one voltage of voltages output from the plurality of DC-DC converters and a plurality of voltages input from outside; and a submodule controller operating with the voltage output by the power switching part so as to control switching operations of the plurality of switching elements.

Abstract: A component grounding system according to one embodiment includes a case for accommodating a plurality of components, a direct current (DC) capacitor disposed on one side of the case and electrically connected to the case, and a bus bar, disposed between the case and the DC capacitor, for connecting the case and the DC capacitor, the bus bar representing an electrode, wherein each of the plurality of components may be connected to the bus bar.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sub-module of a power converter, the sub-module capable of allowing failure-causing electric current to bypass the sub-module when a failure occurs in the sub-module.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern with a lower pattern and sheet patterns spaced apart from the lower pattern, a gate structure on the lower pattern and having a gate electrode and a gate insulating film that surround each of the sheet patterns, a gate capping pattern on the gate structure, a gate etching stop pattern between the gate capping pattern and the gate structure, a gate spacer along a sidewall of the gate capping pattern, a source/drain pattern on the gate structure, a gate contact through the gate capping pattern and connected to the gate electrode, upper surfaces of the gate contact and gate spacer being coplanar, and a source/drain contact on the source/drain pattern and connected to the source/drain pattern.

Abstract: Vertical field-effect transistor (VFET) devices and methods of forming the devices are provided. The methods may include forming a channel region including a first channel region and a second channel region, forming a first cavity in the substrate, forming a first bottom source/drain in the first cavity, forming a second cavity in the substrate, and forming a second bottom source/drain in the second cavity. The first cavity may expose a lower surface of the first channel region, and the second cavity may expose a lower surface of the second channel region. The method may also include after forming the first bottom source/drain and the second bottom source/drain, removing a portion of the channel region between the first channel region and the second channel region to separate the first channel region from the second channel region.

Abstract: Proposed is a sub-module of a power converter, the sub-module capable of allowing failure-causing electric current to quickly bypass the sub-module when a failure occurs in the sub-module. A sub-module of a power converter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the sub-module including an energy storage unit, at least one power semiconductor circuit connected, in parallel, to the energy storage unit and configured with a plurality of power semiconductor switches and a plurality of freewheeling diodes, and a switching element arranged between two output terminals connected to one of one or more of the power semiconductor circuits, forced to undergo an induced failure when an induced-failure signal is input into a gate terminal thereof, and internally short-circuited, thereby connecting the output terminals to each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sub-module of a power converter, the sub-module capable of allowing failure-causing electric current to bypass the sub-module when a failure occurs in the sub-module.

Abstract: A smart key system of a vehicle that notifies a user that a fob battery needs to be replaced, including a fob configured to transmit information that the battery needs to be replaced to an in-vehicle communication module configured to transmit the information to an identification authentication unit (IAU); and the IAU configured to transmit the information to an integrated body unit (IBU) configured to notify a user of the information. A smart key system includes: a fob configured to transmit failure information to a BLE module when UWB communication fails due to battery voltage drop; the BLE module configured to receive the failure information, and measure a distance for positioning the fob using a BLE signal; and an IBU configured to transmit an operation signal to a controller configured to control at least one function among vehicle door opening and closing, vehicle start, remote parking, and vehicle door locking.

Abstract: A low power operating method for a smart key remote controller of a vehicle , wherein the method includes connecting the smart key remote controller to a smart key control system in a vehicle based on a first frequency signal, after the connection, acquiring a vibration detection value through a vibration detection sensor, checking a strength of the first frequency signal (a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)) received after the connection, determining whether the vibration detection value is greater than or equal to a preset vibration value and the strength of the first frequency signal is greater than or equal to a preset signal strength value, and when a determination result is satisfied, activating a module corresponding to a second frequency signal.

Abstract: Proposed is a submodule of an MMC converter configured to stably supply power to a submodule controller controlling the submodule of an MMC converter. The submodule includes: an energy storage part storing electric energy therein; a plurality of switching elements connected in parallel to the energy storage part to have a shape of a bridge; a plurality of serially-connected resistors connected in parallel to the energy storage part; a plurality of DC-DC converters connected in parallel to a resistor of the plurality of resistors; a power switching part operating to select and output one voltage of voltages output from the plurality of DC-DC converters and a plurality of voltages input from outside; and a submodule controller operating with the voltage output by the power switching part so as to control switching operations of the plurality of switching elements.

Abstract: A method of removing a direct current component at an output terminal of an MMC converter according to the present invention includes a detection step of individually detecting charging voltages charged in capacitors of a plurality of sub-modules connected in series to each other in the MMC converter; outputting an average value of the individually detected charging voltages; delaying the outputted average value by a predetermined phase to output a phase-delayed average value; outputting the average value and the phase-delayed average value as a q-axis component voltage by using a predetermined dq conversion unit; calculating an error between the q-axis component voltage and a three-phase average voltage for the q-axis component voltage; and outputting, through a pre-determined first PI control unit, an offset voltage for reducing the error.

Abstract: A method of controlling a smart key, including a low frequency (LF) receiver receiving an LF signal from a vehicle, a radio frequency (RF) transmitter transmitting an RF signal to the vehicle in response to the LF signal, a sensor unit sensing a motion, and a micro control unit controlling operations of the LF receiver, the RF transmitter, and the sensor unit, includes receiving, by the LF receiver, the LF signal from the vehicle and controlling, by the micro control unit, a turn-on/off operation of each of the LF receiver, the RF transmitter, and the sensor unit on the basis of the received LF signal.

Abstract: A method of removing a direct current component at an output terminal of an MMC converter according to the present invention includes a detection step of individually detecting charging voltages charged in capacitors of a plurality of sub-modules connected in series to each other in the MMC converter; outputting an average value of the individually detected charging voltages; delaying the outputted average value by a predetermined phase to output a phase-delayed average value; outputting the average value and the phase-delayed average value as a q-axis component voltage by using a predetermined dq conversion unit; calculating an error between the q-axis component voltage and a three-phase average voltage for the q-axis component voltage; and outputting, through a pre-determined first PI control unit, an offset voltage for reducing the error.