Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: The waveform signal output device includes: a signal output unit that reads waveform data recorded in a memory and outputs a waveform signal for driving the solenoid valve according to a waveform renewal signal; a waveform generation unit that generates waveform data for driving the solenoid valve using vehicle driving information and requests renewal of a waveform by outputting the waveform data; a waveform distortion determination unit that compares a time point when the renewal of a waveform is requested and a preset communication prohibition section and determines a possibility of distortion of the waveform signal; and a driving command unit that renews waveform data of the memory using the waveform data generated by the waveform generation unit and outputs a waveform renewal signal if it is determined that there is no possibility of distortion.

Abstract: By virtue of a structure in which patterns have protuberances with a cone-shaped structure and quantum dots are embedded in the protuberances, an optical film prevents the reflection of light, and converts light in the near ultraviolet wavelength region to a range of wavelengths a solar cell can absorb the light, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of a device.

Abstract: Patterns in an integrated circuit may be evaluated, and a semiconductor device may be fabricated based on the evaluation. The evaluation may include a extracting and superimposing first patterns corresponding to design patterns of the same shape from input layout data generated based on inspecting the integrated circuit, generating distribution data of the first patterns based on the superimposed first patterns, determining an evaluation contour of the design patterns based on an evaluation condition and the distribution data, and generating output layout data based on replacing the first patterns with second patterns each having the evaluation contour. Weak points in the integrated circuit may be detected based on the output layout data. The fabricating may include selectively incorporating an integrated circuit into a semiconductor device based on a determination that the integrated circuit includes less than a threshold quantity and/or threshold concentration of weak points.

Abstract: By virtue of a structure in which patterns have protuberances with a cone-shaped structure and quantum dots are embedded in the protuberances, an optical film of the present disclosure prevents the reflection of light, and converts light in the near ultraviolet wavelength region to a range of wavelengths a solar cell can absorb the light, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of a device. Also, because of being highly transparent and having adhesive properties itself, the optical film according to the present disclosure can be easily adhered to a device such as solar cells without any additional preparation process. Also, in applications to a solar cell, the optical film according to the present disclosure can significantly improve sunlight absorption efficiency while not greatly increasing the thickness of the solar cell.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that can detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that can detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: The waveform signal output device includes: a signal output unit that reads waveform data recorded in a memory and outputs a waveform signal for driving the solenoid valve according to a waveform renewal signal; a waveform generation unit that generates waveform data for driving the solenoid valve using vehicle driving information and requests renewal of a waveform by outputting the waveform data; a waveform distortion determination unit that compares a time point when the renewal of a waveform is requested and a preset communication prohibition section and determines a possibility of distortion of the waveform signal; and a driving command unit that renews waveform data of the memory using the waveform data generated by the waveform generation unit and outputs a waveform renewal signal if it is determined that there is no possibility of distortion.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that can detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: A memory card system and related write method are disclosed. The method includes receiving a write request for a predetermined page; performing a write operation on a first log block that corresponds to a first data block including the page; receiving an update request for the page; and performing a write operation on a second log block that corresponds to the first data block. The memory card system includes: at least one non-volatile memory including a data block and a log block for updating the data block; and a memory controller controlling an operation of the non-volatile memory. During a write operation for a predetermined page, the controller controls writing of a first log block corresponding to a first data block including the predetermined page, and controls writing of a second log block during an update operation of the predetermined page.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card device. The memory card device includes a flash memory and a controller. The flash memory includes a boot area storing boot data, and a user area storing user data. The controller accesses the boot area or the user area according to an external command. Boot data can be stored in a memory card integrated in an electronic device. Also, when a host requests an access to boot data/user data stored in the memory card, the boot data/user data can be accessed under control of the controller.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: A movable storage device combined with a smart card can include a plurality of signal pins that are connected to at least one of a plurality of memory card hosts that use different communications protocols from each other or a smart card host, and at least one signal pin that is used as a mode distinguishing pin. A mode deciding unit can decide on an operation mode, which can be a smart card mode and/or a memory card mode based on a level of a first initial input signal received from the mode distinguishing pin. A smart card module can communicate with a smart card host in a smart card mode and a memory card module can be interfaced with memory card hosts, and communicates with a memory card host connected in a memory card mode and stores data.

Abstract: A memory card system and related write method are disclosed. The method includes receiving a write request for a predetermined page; performing a write operation on a first log block that corresponds to a first data block including the page; receiving an update request for the page; and performing a write operation on a second log block that corresponds to the first data block. The memory card system includes: at least one non-volatile memory including a data block and a log block for updating the data block; and a memory controller controlling an operation of the non-volatile memory. During a write operation for a predetermined page, the controller controls writing of a first log block corresponding to a first data block including the predetermined page, and controls writing of a second log block during an update operation of the predetermined page.

Abstract: Methods and memory systems are provided that can detect bit errors due to read disturbances. A main page of a flash memory in a memory system is read. A bit error in data that is read from the main page is detected and corrected. In parallel with reading the main page, a bit error is detected in data that is read from a dummy page of the flash memory.

Abstract: Provided is a memory card device. The memory card device includes a flash memory and a controller. The flash memory includes a boot area storing boot data, and a user area storing user data. The controller accesses the boot area or the user area according to an external command. Boot data can be stored in a memory card integrated in an electronic device. Also, when a host requests an access to boot data/user data stored in the memory card, the boot data/user data can be accessed under control of the controller.

Abstract: A movable storage device combined with a smart card can include a plurality of signal pins that are connected to at least one of a plurality of memory card hosts that use different communications protocols from each other or a smart card host, and at least one signal pin that is used as a mode distinguishing pin. A mode deciding unit can decide on an operation mode, which can be a smart card mode and/or a memory card mode based on a level of a first initial input signal received from the mode distinguishing pin. A smart card module can communicate with a smart card host in a smart card mode and a memory card module can be interfaced with memory card hosts, and communicates with a memory card host connected in a memory card mode and stores data.

Abstract: A multi-standard protocol storage device can include a non-volatile memory, a first interface controller, a second interface controller, and at least one pin. The non-volatile memory can be accessed according to a non-volatile memory protocol. The first interface controller can be configured to convert first commands in a first standardized protocol to the non-volatile memory protocol and the second interface controller can be configured to convert second commands in a second standardized protocol to the non-volatile memory protocol. The at least one pin of the device is configured to conduct a recognition signal thereon indicating whether the first or second standardized protocol is used by a host coupled thereto and that conducts data signals according to the first and second standardized protocols.

Abstract: A serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) storage device supports an SATA protocol that provides for high data transfer speed. The storage device is for connecting to an SATA cable, and includes at least one non-volatile semiconductor memory device for storing data therein; an SATA adapter, connected to the SATA cable, for transferring/receiving data signals to/from the SATA cable; a memory controller for controlling the non-volatile semiconductor memory device in response to data signals transferred from the SATA adapter; and an SATA device controller, connected between the SATA adapter and the memory controller, for interfacing transmitted/received data signals between the SATA adapter and the memory controller.

Abstract: A multi-standard protocol storage device can include a non-volatile memory, a first interface controller, a second interface controller, and at least one pin. The non-volatile memory can be accessed according to a non-volatile memory protocol. The first interface controller can be configured to convert first commands in a first standardized protocol to the non-volatile memory protocol and the second interface controller can be configured to convert second commands in a second standardized protocol to the non-volatile memory protocol. The at least one pin of the device is configured to conduct a recognition signal thereon indicating whether the first or second standardized protocol is used by a host coupled thereto and that conducts data signals according to the first and second standardized protocols.