Abstract: A reliable method for measuring a fill level (7) of a fill substance (1) in a container (3) using a fill level measuring device (5) working according to the travel-time principle, wherein, periodically, transmission signals (S) are sent in the direction of the fill substance (1), their echo signals (E) are registered and converted into an echo function (A(t)), at least one echo characteristic of the echo function (A(t)) is determined and, on the basis of the echo characteristics of at least one preceding measurement, a prediction (P) is derived for the echo characteristics to be expected in the case of the current measurement, the echo characteristics of the current measurement are determined taking into consideration the prediction (P), and, on the basis of the echo characteristics, the current fill level (7) is determined.

Abstract: A method of feeding back channel information in an OFDM or OFDMA radio communications system is disclosed, in which a transmitting side instructs a region for measuring a downlink channel status and in which a receiving side feeds back the channel information to the transmitting side. The present invention includes the steps of transmitting instruction information instructing at least one region of at least two regions within a data frame as a signal measurement region to a receiving side and receiving the channel information estimated by a signal included in the signal measurement region instructed by the instruction information from the receiving side.

Abstract: A small planar antenna with an enhanced bandwidth and a small rectenna for RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) and wireless sensor transponder are provided. The small planar antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a metal layer formed on an upper part of the dielectric substrate, a main slot formed in pattern on the metal layer, and a plurality of sub-slots connected to the main slot and winding in a specified direction, and the plurality of sub-slots form a pair of symmetric sub-slot groups around the main slot. According to the small planar antenna, the antenna region that substantially takes part in the radiation is substantially increased, and thus an enhanced bandwidth can be obtained without affecting the radiation pattern, radiation efficiency, polarization purity, etc., of the antenna.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal has a radio frequency identification (RFID) system to read information from RFID tags at predetermined distances. An RFID transmission antenna to transmit or receive a wireless signal for mobile communication to/from a base station, or transmit wireless signal to the RFID tag, and an RFID reception antenna to receive RFID wireless signal transmitted from the RFID tag. Accordingly, ingress of the RFID transmission carrier leakage to the RFID reception circuit can be prevented. Additionally, a small size antenna such as a chip ceramic antenna is used exclusively for RFID reception, and the RFID reception antenna is also used as a mobile communication antenna. As a result, the mobile communication terminal can be compact-sized, the size of transmission signal can be increased, and dynamic range increases without having to increase the sensitivity of the RFID tag, to extend the communication distance.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for notifying a user if a mobile terminal is located in an area where its power consumption is high is provided. The voltage level of a battery provided to the mobile terminal is detected. If the detected battery voltage level is reduced by at least a predetermined reference value or more for a predetermined period of time, the mobile terminal determines that the mobile terminal is located in an area where power consumption is high, and then informs the user thereof.

Abstract: A double encapsulated semiconductor package and manufacturing methods of forming the same are provided. Embodiments of the semiconductor package include a complex chip having normal and random pads formed on its active surface, the complex chip being attached to a first surface of a wiring substrate. First and second windows are formed in the wiring substrate to respectively expose the normal and random pads, and to allow bonding wires to be connected to the normal and random pads with the wiring substrate. A first resin encapsulation portion is formed by a molding method in the first window and a second resin encapsulation portion is formed by a potting method in the second window.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device and a fabricating method thereof are disclosed in the present invention. The reflective liquid crystal display device includes a substrate having a pixel region, a gate line on the substrate, a thin film transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, the thin film transistor having a gate electrode, an active layer, and source and drain electrodes, first and second reflective electrodes connected to the drain electrode, the first and second reflective electrodes completely covering the data line and separated by a gap, and a data line crossing the gate line, wherein the data line has a bent shape including first, second, and third portions, and the first portion parallel to the gate line connects the second and third portions, and the second and third portions are formed under the first and second reflective electrodes, respectively.

Abstract: An adaptive writing method of a high-density optical recording apparatus and a circuit thereof. The circuit includes a discriminator for discriminating a magnitude of a present mark of input NRZI data and magnitudes of leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data, a generator for controlling the waveform of a write pulse in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of the input NRZI data and the magnitudes of the leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data to generate an adaptive write pulse, and a driver for driving a light source by converting the adaptive write pulse into a current signal in accordance with driving power levels for respective channels of the adaptive write pulse. The widths of the first and/or last pulses of the write pulse waveform are varied in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of input NRZI data and the magnitude of the leading and/or trailing spaces, thereby minimizing jitter to enhance system reliability and performance.

Abstract: Provided is an amplifier circuit having a constant output swing range and a stable delay time, where the amplifier circuit includes a first bias unit, a second bias unit, a comparison unit, and an amplifier unit, and the first bias unit responds to an internal reference signal with a predetermined voltage level and maintains constant the amount of a first current, and the second bias unit receives an external reference signal, responds to a control voltage, and controls the amount of a second current to be the same as the amount of the first current, and the comparison unit compares a voltage level of a first node with a voltage level of a second node, and controls a voltage level of the control voltage according to the comparison result, and the amplifier unit compares a voltage level of an external input signal with a voltage level of the external reference signal, amplifies and outputs a voltage difference between the two compared signals, responds to the control voltage, and controls the amount of a third

Abstract: A mobile terminal is provided having an radio frequency identification (RFID) function and includes an antenna which transmits and receives a radio signal; a radio frequency identification matching circuit which changes an operating band of the antenna to a frequency band where an RFID radio signal is input and output; a communication module which processes a mobile communication radio signal transmitted and received via the antenna; and a switch which connects the antenna to either the communication module or the RFID matching circuit according to whether an RFID function is used or not. Accordingly, the compactness of the mobile terminal can be realized, and the RFID communication performance can be enhanced.

Abstract: An antenna applied to a slide type mobile communication terminal includes a first board mounted in a first body; a second board mounted in a second body; a radiating element mounted to the second body; and a first contact formed to connect to the second board at one end and contact with the first board at the other end when the first body slides. Accordingly, an antenna with directionality can be realized for applications to short range communication systems.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a substrate having a surface with at least one crystallization nucleation site located thereon. The apparatus further comprises a second substrate having a second surface. The second surface is configured to maintain a crystallization starting material in an amorphous state or an initial crystalline state.

Abstract: A single-piece adapter (10) is disclosed for supplying gas to a gas detector (32) that contains at least one gas sensor (34) and that has a gas inlet (30) for allowing gas at the inlet to come into contact with the at least one sensor (34), which adapter comprises: a chamber (24) having an opening formed by a rim (22) for fitting over the gas inlet of a gas detector (32), the chamber having an inner surface (18), an inlet duct (14) for feeding gas into the chamber in a direction transverse to the opening, and an outlet (16) to vent gases from within the chamber. The inner surface (18) of the chamber is formed by a first moulding (12) of a rigid, non-absorbent material and a second moulding (20) of resilient material. The second moulding forms the rim (22) for providing a gas-tight seal between the adapter (10) and the detector (32).

Abstract: An antenna for a slide-type wireless terminal device includes a radiator formed in a first body, a ground surface formed on a second body, a power feeder connected to the ground surface in the second body, a first connection part connected to the radiator in the first body and operative to come in contact with the power feeder when the first body is slidably moved, and a short-circuit wire operative to come in contact with the radiator and the ground surface when the first body is slidably moved.

Abstract: A physical identification data (PID) addressing method using a wobble signal, a wobble address encoding circuit, a method and circuit for detecting the wobble address and a recording medium therefor. Groove address information indicating physical identification information is phase modulated using a wobble clock signal and recorded in one of the two walls of a groove track, and land address information is phase modulated using a wobble clock signal obtained by shifting the phase of the former wobble clock signal and recorded in the other wall. That is, address information is phase modulated and recorded in each track using the wobbles having a phase difference of 90° between adjacent tracks so that a sum of wobble signals from the adjacent tracks can be a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal. Therefore, more data can be recorded in the recording medium, and since an interval in which a wobble signal disappears is not caused, recovery of a wobble clock signal can be advantageously performed.

Abstract: A circuit for supplying voltages to an electrode of a plasma display device is disclosed. The circuit includes an inductor connected to the electrode, a first capacitor and a second capacitor serially connected to the first capacitor. The circuit selectively forms certain paths to provide pulses to the electrode to sustain plasma discharges. The circuit provides pulses by increasing the potential of the electrode from a first voltage to a second voltage, maintaining the potential at about the second voltage during a first period, increasing the potential from about the second voltage to a third voltage, maintaining the potential at about the third voltage during a second period, decreasing the potential from about the third voltage to about the first voltage, and maintaining the potential at about the first voltage during a third period. Increasing the potential from the first to second voltages involves supplying energy stored in the first and second capacitors to the electrode via the inductor.

Abstract: A planar small antenna and a small strip radiator are provided which have increased bandwidth. The small strip radiator has a main strip pattern and a plurality of convoluted strip patterns terminating the main strip pattern at each end. The plurality of convoluted strip patterns are arranged in mirror-symmetrical arrangement with reference to the longitudinal axis of the main strip such that one pair of convoluted strip patterns is convoluted clockwise while another pair is convoluted counterclockwise. As a result, an electrically small antenna radiator requires less metal or conductive material than conventional radiators, and also can operate without adversely affecting the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

Abstract: An adaptive writing method of a high-density optical recording apparatus and a circuit thereof. The circuit includes a discriminator for discriminating a magnitude of a present mark of input NRZI data and magnitudes of leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data, a generator for controlling the waveform of a write pulse in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of the input NRZI data and the magnitudes of the leading and/or trailing spaces of the input NRZI data to generate an adaptive write pulse, and a driver for driving a light source by converting the adaptive write pulse into a current signal in accordance with driving power levels for respective channels of the adaptive write pulse. The widths of the first and/or last pulses of the write pulse waveform are varied in accordance with the magnitude of the present mark of input NRZI data and the magnitude of the leading and/or trailing spaces, thereby minimizing jitter to enhance system reliability and performance.

Abstract: An antenna device for a portable terminal, which allows a whip antenna and helical antenna of a terminal to be retracted and withdrawn along an extension from the terminal, while not causing them to protrude out of the terminal. The antenna device provided with a whip antenna and helical antenna further includes an antenna housing disposed at a desired position in the main body, which permits the whip antenna to be retracted and withdrawn through the helical antenna, while causing the helical antenna to be withdrawn along an extension from the main body at the same time, and permits the helical antenna to be retracted, so that it can be inserted into the main body; and a housing coupling portion disposed in the main body for supporting the antenna housing.

Abstract: An optical recording medium allowing data to be recorded on, erased from, and reproduced from, and storing information about power levels of an erase pulse. The recorded erase pattern information may include information about power levels of first and last pulses of an erase pattern for erasing data. The first and last pulses of the erase pattern can be differently set depending on the differing kind of recording layer or layers of a disk or differing kinds of disks and recorded in a reproducible only area or rewritable area of the optical recording medium. Thus, by presetting the appropriate erase power levels, the time required for selecting an optimal erase power for the optical recording medium can be considerably reduced.