Abstract: A gray-scale representation method for a plasma display panel, which method includes arranging, in time sequence, a plurality of subfields each having a brightness weight and achieving gray-scale representation by a combination of the subfields, each subfield including an address period and a sustain period. In the gray-scale representation method, the number of sustain pulses for each subfield is determined so that a light generated from the difference of the number of sustain pulses between two adjacent gray scales can be greater than a light discharged in the address period, when the number of subfields for the higher one of the two adjacent gray scales is less than that for the lower one. The reversion of gray scales that occurs when the address light is increased as high as the sustain light can be eliminated to achieve correct gray-scale representation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to record data on an optical recording medium include generating a recording waveform having an erase pattern comprising a predetermined pulse having a high level which is higher than an erase power level and having a low level which is lower than the erase power level.

Abstract: An inverted F antenna (IFA) which reduces specific absorption rate (SAR) includes a ground; an auxiliary radiator which is attached to one end of the ground and disposed along a plane direction of the ground; a radiator which lies at an interval from the auxiliary radiator in parallel and radiates electromagnetic waves; a feed which supplies current to the radiator; and a short which interconnects the radiator with the ground and discharges the current to the ground. Accordingly, the SAR can be decreased and the antenna size can be miniaturized.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device comprises a first voltage generation unit, a second voltage generation unit, a first circuit block, and a discharge unit. The first voltage generation unit generates a first voltage with a first magnitude. The second voltage generation unit generates a second voltage with a second magnitude greater than the first magnitude. The first circuit block selectively receives the first voltage or the second voltage through an input node. The discharge unit discharges the input node between a time point where the input node has been charged with the second voltage and a time point where the input node receives the first voltage.

Abstract: An antenna device for a portable terminal. The antenna device includes a carrier mounted in a housing of the portable terminal, at least one support extending from the carrier, a main radiator attached onto the carrier and an auxiliary radiator extending from the main radiator and fixed to ends of the supports while being spaced apart from the carrier. Since the antenna device includes the supports extending from the carrier to support the auxiliary radiator extending from the main radiator, the auxiliary radiator can be spaced apart from the carrier and the inner side of the housing of the portable terminal when the antenna device is mounted in the portable terminal. Thus, by reducing interference from a user's body or structures in the housing of the portable terminal, stable radiation performance can be secured.

Abstract: An information storage medium on which data is recorded after performing optimum power control (OPC) and a method and apparatus to record/reproduce data on/from the information storage medium, wherein the recordable information storage medium has a plurality of recording layers and a pickup irradiates a beam onto the information storage medium, utilize operations of: recording data on at least a portion of a recording layer through which a test beam to find an optimum recording power passes before performing optimum power control (OPC) on a desired recording layer and performing OPC on the desired recording layer. The method and apparatus allow data to be recorded after performing a test to determine an optimum recording power, thus providing effective recording/reproducing quality.

Abstract: A printed circuit board having supporting patterns is provided. The printed circuit board includes a base substrate having a circuit region and peripheral regions. The circuit region includes a plurality of unit cells arranged in a matrix, and the peripheral regions are located around the circuit region. Wires are located on the circuit region. First supporting bars are located on the peripheral regions and extend across the peripheral regions, and a plurality of supporting ribs traverse the first supporting bars.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recording data on an optical recording medium form a mark or a space by using a recording waveform having an erase pattern containing a multi-pulse. The method and the apparatus prevent distortion of the mark or the space and improve a mark shape such that a recording/reproducing characteristic of the optical recording medium is improved.

Abstract: A loop antenna is provided having a matching circuit integrally formed includes a radiator which is formed in a loop shape; and a matching circuit including an extension part extended from one side of the radiator to an inner side of the loop and a bend part bent from an end of the extension part several times. Accordingly, the space for the installation of the loop antenna can be reduced and the design modification of the matching circuit can be facilitated.

Abstract: In a cleaning apparatus and a method of cleaning a chamber used in manufacturing a semiconductor device, a first plasma may be provided into a chamber to remove a first residue from an inner wall of the chamber where the first residue is attached. A second plasma may then be provided into the chamber to remove a second residue formed by the first plasma from an inside of the chamber where the second residue remains. The second residue formed by the first plasma used to clean the chamber may not pollute a semiconductor substrate located in the chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a stack package using an anisotropic conductive film (ACF) for reducing thermal stresses exerted on chip scale packages (CSPs) during the initial manufacture of stack packages from a plurality of CSPs and for facilitating the repair and/or rework of stack packages incorporating CSPs while reducing the likelihood of damage to the CSPs. In the stack package including a plurality of CSPs stacked using an ACF, each CSP will typically include a circuit board, a semiconductor chip mounted on and electrically connected to the circuit board, and solder balls or other conductive structures arranged the semiconductor chip on the peripheral regions of the circuit board. Also provided are methods for the initial production of such stack packages and supplemental methods for the repair and rework of such stack packages.

Abstract: A tester and related method test an xDSL transceiver unit-central office so as to measure performance of a transceiver unit by automatically converting many output ports by connecting a multiplexer to the xDSL transceiver unit.

Abstract: A method of recording data on an optical disc including a preceding recording layer and a following recording layer capable of having data recorded thereon. The method includes recording data on the preceding recording layer, assigning a weight, to which a difference in recording sensitivities of the preceding and following recording layers of the optical disc is applied, to an OPC (Optimum Power Calibration or Optimum Power Control) recording power of the following recording layer, and determining a starting recording power of the following recording layer, such that data is recorded in the following recording layer, and applying a laser beam having a specific power equal to the starting recording power of the following recording layer to the following recording layer, and recording data on the following recording layer.

Abstract: A wireless rear speaker expanding apparatus which allows wired rear speakers to expand as wireless rear speakers by attaching a card-type wireless module in a home theater system includes a main body unit to reproduce a multi-channel audio stream from a recording medium, to extract a rear channel audio stream, to detect whether a transmission module unit is mounted, and to switch the rear channel audio stream to a wireless transmission mode or a wired transmission mode, a transmission module unit to modulate the rear channel audio stream extracted from the main body unit into a wireless signal and to wirelessly transmit the signal, if mounted as a detachable card-type unit on the main body unit, and a reception module unit to decode the rear channel audio stream wirelessly transmitted from the transmission module, and to amplify the decoded signal as a rear channel audio signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna capable of micro-tuning and macro-tuning for a wireless terminal, comprising: a radiator radiating electromagnetic waves; a ground connected to the radiator; at least one switching element positioned at a lengthwise region of the radiator, for shorting or opening the region of the radiator; and a voltage controlling element positioned at the radiator between the switching element and the ground, for controlling the extent of a voltage potential applied across the radiator. In accordance with the present invention, the antenna is capable of the macro-tuning between the service bands and micro-tuning for channel control within the service bands. Furthermore, the size of the antenna is significantly reduced and the antenna is installed on a circuit board in a patch type, thereby simplifying a work process.

Abstract: A sliding-type portable terminal, the sliding-type portable terminal having a first housing, and a second housing slidably coupled with the first housing. The sliding-type portable terminal includes a first driving device interposed between the first and second housings for providing driving force to make the second housing move to a position at which the first housing is open; a second driving device interposed between the first and second housing for providing driving force to make the second housing move to a position at which the second housing overlaps with the first housing, the second driving device having less driving force than that of the first driving device; a restricting device for restricting a sliding movement of the second housing at the position where the second housing overlaps with the first housing; and a releasing device for releasing the restriction of the second housing to the first housing.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for recording data on an optical recording medium form a mark or a space by using a recording waveform having an erase pattern containing a multi-pulse. The method and the apparatus prevent distortion of the mark or the space and improve a mark shape such that a recording/reproducing characteristic of the optical recording medium is improved.

Abstract: An intenna-type dipole antenna of a mobile terminal, for receiving a broadcast signal in a very high frequency (VHF) band, includes: a conducting plate which functions as one of a radiator and a ground; and a pole which functions as the other of the radiator and the ground. Accordingly, the dipole antenna can be implemented as an intenna with facilitated installation and low costs.

Abstract: An etching end point of a plasma etch is determined by defining an etch-stop condition. A layer formed on a substrate is etched using a plasma. A luminous intensity of the plasma is measured to determine a first luminous intensity. The luminous intensity is measured again after a predetermined time to determine a second luminous intensity. A determination is made whether a disturbance occurs. Compensation is applied to the measured luminous intensity if the disturbance occurs. A determination is made whether the measured luminous intensity or the compensated luminous intensity satisfies the etch stop condition.

Abstract: A gold-silver based wire for a semiconductor package has high humidity reliability as well as high dry reliability. The wire includes a first additive ingredient that contains 5˜15 wt % of at least one kind of elements from among first group elements composed of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) added to a gold (Au)-silver (Ag) based alloy that contains 10˜40 wt % of Ag added to Au.