Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of encoding/decoding an image. The image decoding method includes decoding information on a quantization matrix from a bitstream, acquiring a quantization matrix of a current block based on the information on the quantization matrix, and dequantizing the current block using the quantization matrix of the current block. The acquiring of the quantization matrix of the current block includes deriving a single identifier using at least one of a size of the current block, a prediction mode or a color component, and acquiring the quantization matrix of the current block based on the single identifier.

Abstract: An image decoding is performed by steps including: determining whether or not to perform filtering on a boundary of a current block; determining a filtering strength on the boundary of the current block, and a number of samples used in filtering; and performing filtering on the boundary of the current block on the basis of the filtering strength and the number of samples used in filtering, where the number of samples used in filtering is determined on the basis of a size of the current block.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image decoding method performed by an image decoding apparatus according to the present invention may comprise deriving an intra-prediction mode of a current block, and performing intra-prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode. The deriving of the intra-prediction mode may comprise decoding a predetermined mode sameness indicator.

Abstract: Provided are an environmentally-friendly high-efficiency method of manufacturing an ester compound based on an esterification reaction using a salt ion-exchange method and an ester compound manufactured thereby. In the conventional esterification reaction, an ester was produced in low yields due to the hydrolysis (i.e., reverse reaction) caused by water, or it was required to continuously supply hydrochloric acid gas or use thionyl chloride, which is a hazardous material, and thus there were limitations in terms of environmental friendliness or cost. On the other hand, in the present invention, hydrochloric acid gas is continuously supplied using the salt ion-exchange method, and since magnesium sulfate acts as a dehydrating agent, the water generated in the esterification reaction is removed, and thus the occurrence of hydrolysis (i.e., reverse reaction) is suppressed and a conversion rate to the desired ester compound is increased.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for setting a duty cycler adjuster for improving clock duty cycle are disclosed. The duty cycle adjuster may be adjusted by different amounts, at least one smaller than another. Determining when to use the smaller adjustment may be based on duty cycle results. A duty cycle monitor may have an offset. A duty cycle code for the duty cycle adjuster may be set to an intermediate value of a duty cycle monitor offset. The duty cycle monitor offset may be determined by identifying duty cycle codes for an upper and for a lower boundary of the duty cycle monitor offset.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a display device including a display panel including a first display region in which a plurality of first pixels are disposed, a second display region including pixel regions in which a plurality of second pixels are disposed and a plurality of light-transmitting regions, and an opening/closing module configured to control light passing through the plurality of light-transmitting regions, and an optical sensor disposed below the display panel, wherein the opening/closing module opens the light-transmitting region when the optical sensor is driven, and blocks the light-transmitting region when the optical sensor is not driven.

Abstract: Multilevel command and address (CA) signals are used to provide commands and memory addresses from a controller to a memory system. Using multilevel signals CA signals may allow for using fewer signals compared to binary signals to represent a same number of commands and/or address space, or using a same number of multilevel CA signals to represent a larger number of commands and/or address space. A number of external command/address terminals may be reduced without reducing a set of commands and/or address space. Alternatively, a number of external terminals may be maintained, but provide for an expanded set of commands and/or address space.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a decoding method and apparatus and an encoding method and apparatus that perform inter-prediction using a motion vector predictor. For a candidate block in a col picture, a scaled motion vector is generated based on a motion vector of the candidate block. When the scaled motion vector indicates a target block, a motion vector predictor of the target block is generated based on the motion vector of the candidate block. The motion vector predictor is used to derive the motion vector of the target block in a specific inter-prediction mode such as a merge mode and an AMVP mode.

Abstract: Disclosure includes a bank structure comprising a first region to neighbor a first light emitting part and to have a first height, a second region to neighbor a second light emitting part and to have the first height, a plurality of slits parallel to each other between the first region and the second region, an isolated protrusion pattern between the plurality of slits and to have a second height greater than the first height, a third region connected to the first region and to have the second height and a fourth region connected to the second region and to have the second height.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a decoding method and apparatus and an encoding method and apparatus for deriving an intra-prediction mode. An intra-prediction mode may be derived using a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode based on a neighbor block of the target block, a method for deriving an intra-prediction mode using signaling of the intra-prediction mode of the target block, or a method for deriving an adaptive intra-prediction mode based on the type of a target slice. An MPM list may be used to derive the intra-prediction mode, and a temporal neighbor block or the like may be used to configure the MPM list.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition includes a polyester resin (A); a vinyl cyanide compound-conjugated diene compound-aromatic vinyl compound graft copolymer (B); an alpha-methylstyrene-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer (C); a maleimide-based polymer (D); and an amide-based lubricant (E), A method of preparing the thermoplastic resin composition, and a molded article including the thermoplastic resin composition are also described.

Abstract: The multi sample prediction method of the present invention comprises the steps of: determining a sample group consisting of a plurality of samples inside a decoding target block; determining a representative position corresponding to the sample group, inside the decoding target block; determining a representative prediction value for the sample group, on the basis of the determined representative position; and determining the determined representative prediction value as the final prediction value for each of the plurality of samples making up the sample group. The present invention enhances efficiency in encoding/decoding and reduces complexity thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to image processing, and more particularly, to a video coding/decoding method using a clipped motion vector and an apparatus thereof. An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of decoding an image. The method includes clipping a motion vector of a reference picture in a predetermined dynamic range to generate a clipped motion vector, storing the clipped motion vector in a buffer, deriving a motion vector of a coding treeblock using the motion vector stored in the buffer, and performing inter prediction decoding process using the motion vector of the coding treeblock. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a size of a memory required for storing motion vectors may be reduced.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a system comprises a communication module providing a communication interface, a camouflage pattern evaluation module performing an artificial intelligence-based camouflage pattern evaluation algorithm on an operation environment image and a camouflage pattern image, analyzing a similarity between the operation environment image and the camouflage pattern image, and obtaining an evaluation result of camouflage performance for the camouflage pattern in the operation environment, and a processor deriving a quantitative camouflage performance value for the evaluation result. The artificial intelligence-based camouflage performance evaluation algorithm extracts feature information for the operation environment image and the camouflage pattern image and analyzes the similarity in color, pattern, or structure between the operation environment image and the camouflage pattern image based on the extracted feature information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna apparatus for a base station and, specifically, to an antenna apparatus comprising: a repeater; an antenna module installed to be tiltable and steerable with respect to the front surface of the repeater; and an antenna clamping unit for mediating the installation of the antenna module with respect to the repeater, wherein the antenna clamping unit is provided to conceal a wire cable which electrically connects the repeater and the antenna module, thereby preventing deterioration of aesthetics of an installation place and maximizing space utilization.

Abstract: The present inventive concept relates to a laser annealing apparatus and a laser annealing method, which are capable of coping with various thicknesses of an object to be processed and various processes with respect to the object to be processed. The laser annealing apparatus includes: a stage configured to support a target object; a first laser head unit connected to a first laser source unit to irradiate a first laser to the target object; a second laser head unit connected to a second laser source unit to irradiate a second laser having a wavelength longer than that of the first laser to the target object; and a control unit configured to control driving of the first laser head unit and the second laser head unit, wherein the wavelength of the first laser is variable by the control unit.

Abstract: As a reformer burner for heating a reformer of a fuel cell, there is provided a reformer burner including a body in a form of extending in one direction; an anode off-gas supply unit that is provided on a side of the body and that supplies anode off-gas; a fuel gas supply unit that is provided on the body on a side opposite to the side provided with the anode off-gas supply unit and that supplies fuel gas; a separation member that is provided inside the body; and a nozzle unit that is provided in the chamber and that sprays flame, in which the nozzle unit, the anode off-gas supply unit, and the fuel gas supply unit are separated in the body by the separation member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for encoding and decoding an image. The method for decoding an image includes: deriving an initial motion vector from a merge candidate list of a current block; deriving a refined motion vector using the initial motion vector; and generating a prediction block of the current block using the refined motion vector.

Abstract: Described apparatuses and methods are directed to equalization with pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) signaling. As bus frequencies have increased, the time for correctly transitioning between voltage levels has decreased, which can lead to errors. Symbol decoding reliability can be improved with equalization, like with decision-feedback equalization (DFE). DFE, however, can be expensive for chip area and power usage. Therefore, instead of applying DFE to all voltage level determination paths in a receiver, DFE can be applied to a subset of such determination paths. With PAM4 signaling, for example, a DFE circuit can be coupled between an output and an input of a middle slicer. In some cases, symbol detection reliability can be maintained even with fewer DFE circuits by compressing a middle eye of the PAM4 signal. The other two eyes thus have additional headroom for expansion. Encoding schemes, impedance terminations, or reference voltage levels can be tailored accordingly.