Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an active pattern on a substrate, the active pattern extending in a first direction, a gate electrode on the active pattern, the gate electrode extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction and including a first portion and a second portion arranged along the second direction, a first contact plug on the gate electrode, the first contact plug being connected to a top surface of the second portion of the gate electrode, a source/drain region in the active pattern on a sidewall of the gate electrode, and a source/drain contact on the source/drain region, a height of a top surface of the source/drain contact being higher than a top surface of the first portion of the gate electrode and lower than the top surface of the second portion of the gate electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for setting a reference picture index of a temporal merging candidate. An inter-picture prediction method using a temporal merging candidate can include the steps of: determining a reference picture index for a current block; and inducing a temporal merging candidate block of the current block and calculating a temporal merging candidate from the temporal merging candidate block, wherein the reference picture index of the temporal merging candidate can be calculated regardless of whether a block other than the current block is decoded. Accordingly, a video processing speed can be increased and video processing complexity can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra prediction method and apparatus. The image decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding information on intra prediction; and generating a prediction block by performing intra prediction for a current block based on the information on intra prediction. The information on intra prediction may include information on an intra prediction mode, and the intra prediction mode may include a curved intra prediction mode.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an acrylonitrile-based copolymer for a carbon fiber, which comprises: preparing a reaction solution including a monomer mixture comprising a sulfonate-based monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1, a carboxylic acid-based monomer, and an acrylonitrile-based monomer and an organic solvent; and subjecting the reaction solution to polymerization, wherein the monomer mixture comprises the sulfonate-based monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1 at 0.55 to 1.6 mol %.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for setting a duty cycler adjuster for improving clock duty cycle are disclosed. The duty cycle adjuster may be adjusted by different amounts, at least one smaller than another. Determining when to use the smaller adjustment may be based on duty cycle results. A duty cycle monitor may have an offset. A duty cycle code for the duty cycle adjuster may be set to an intermediate value of a duty cycle monitor offset. The duty cycle monitor offset may be determined by identifying duty cycle codes for an upper and for a lower boundary of the duty cycle monitor offset.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining leaks in a water distribution system using water devices within buildings. Pressure readings over time from two or more water devices. Egress readings and possibly other noise are removed from the pressure readings to isolate signals for leaks from outside of the buildings. Using the isolated signals, the location of the leak in the water distribution system can be approximated.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image encoding method using a skip mode and a device using the method. The image encoding method may comprise the steps of: judging whether there is residual block data of a prediction target block on the basis of predetermined data indicating whether residual block data has been encoded; and, if there is residual block data, restoring the prediction target block on the basis of the residual block data and an intra-screen predictive value of the prediction target block. Consequently, encoding and decoding efficiency can be increased by carrying out the encoding and decoding of screen residual data only for prediction target blocks where there is a need for a residual data block in accordance with screen similarity.

Abstract: Described apparatuses and methods provide automated error correction with memory refresh. Memory devices can include error correction code (ECC) technology to detect or correct one or more bit-errors in data. Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), including low-power double data rate (LPPDR) synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), performs refresh operations to maintain data stored in a memory array. A refresh operation can be a self-refresh operation or an auto-refresh operation. Described implementations can combine ECC technology with refresh operations to determine a data error with data that is being refreshed or to correct erroneous data that is being refreshed. In an example, data for a read operation is checked for errors. If an error is detected, a corresponding address can be stored. Responsive to the corresponding address being refreshed, corrected data is stored at the corresponding address in conjunction with the refresh operation. Alternatively, data being refreshed can be checked for an error.

Abstract: An autonomous vehicle for blind people is provided. The autonomous vehicle includes a riding and alighting point search device that searches for a riding point at which a user will ride and an alighting point at which the user will alight, in response to call information received from a terminal of the user, a passenger recognition device that recognizes the user who will ride in the vehicle at the riding point, and an autonomous driving controller that controls an autonomous driving operation of the vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image encoding method using a skip mode and a device using the method. The image encoding method may comprise the steps of: judging whether there is residual block data of a prediction target block on the basis of predetermined data indicating whether residual block data has been encoded; and, if there is residual block data, restoring the prediction target block on the basis of the residual block data and an intra-screen predictive value of the prediction target block. Consequently, encoding and decoding efficiency can be increased by carrying out the encoding and decoding of screen residual data only for prediction target blocks where there is a need for a residual data block in accordance with screen similarity.

Abstract: An actuator for optical image stabilization, includes a fixed frame having an internal space; a moving frame, accommodated in the internal space, configured to linearly and rotatably move on a plane perpendicular to an optical axis; a first ball member disposed between the fixed frame and the moving frame; a first driver, disposed on the moving frame and the fixed frame, configured to provide a driving force to the moving frame; a plurality of magnetic bodies disposed on the fixed frame to generate attractive force with respect to the first driver disposed on the moving frame; a sensor substrate having a portion coupled to the moving frame to be movable, together with the moving frame, and another portion coupled to the fixed frame; and an image sensor disposed on the portion of the sensor substrate.

Abstract: In performing image encoding/decoding, decoding of an image is performed by deriving an intra prediction mode for a current block, decoding at least one original sample that is present in a rightmost column and a bottommost row (a bottom row) of the current block, constructing a reference sample by using the at least one decoded original sample and performing intra prediction on the current block by using the constructed reference sample.

Abstract: A display device includes: a display area; a non-display area around the display area; a substrate; and a first terminal in the non-display area on the substrate, the first terminal including: a plurality of first conductive patterns spaced apart from each other, an insulating layer covering each of the plurality of first conductive patterns, and a second conductive pattern on the insulating layer, covering the plurality of first conductive patterns, and including concave and convex portions on a surface thereof.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method is disclosed. An image decoding method of the present invention may comprise identifying a region by partitioning an image, and determining a prediction mode of the region on the basis of at least one of a size of the region, a partition shape, and a coding parameter of the region. The determined prediction mode of the region may be determined as a prediction mode of all coding blocks included in the region.

Abstract: There is provided an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The image decoding method comprises decoding information on whether or not to perform motion information refinement from a bitstream, obtaining second motion information for first motion information on a current block on the basis of the information and reconstructing at least one of the current block and a neighboring block of the current block by using at least one of the first motion information and the second motion information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding and decoding method. A video decoding method for the same may include: obtaining granularity information; determining a sharing region based on the granularity information; and generating a prediction block of a current block by using motion information of the sharing region when the current block corresponds to the sharing region.