Abstract: A battery pack includes a cell unit stack in which a plurality of cell units are stacked; a pack case accommodating the cell unit stack in an internal space; and a side wall located at an end of the cell unit stack in the internal space of the pack case and configured to support the pack case. The plurality of cell units are stacked in at least one direction within the cell unit stack, and the cell unit includes one or more pouch-type battery cells and a cell cover configured to at least partially surround the pouch-type battery cells.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor pattern, a dielectric layer on the semiconductor pattern, and a conductive pattern on the dielectric layer. Each of the semiconductor pattern and the dielectric layer includes impurities. The dielectric layer includes a concentration profile of impurities including a first variation section including a first concentration of impurities decreasing throughout the dielectric layer toward the semiconductor pattern, and a second variation section including a second concentration of impurities decreasing throughout the dielectric layer toward the semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: A display device can include a bank exposing a first open portion of a first sub-pixel and a first open portion of a second sub-pixel, a plurality of first lenses disposed to correspond to the first open portion of the first sub-pixel and the first open portion of the second sub-pixel, an optical layer disposed between the bank and the plurality of first lenses, the optical layer including a first groove between one of the plurality of first lenses corresponding to the first open portion of the first sub-pixel and another one of the plurality of first lenses corresponding to the first open portion of the second sub-pixel, the first groove having a first thickness, and a filler disposed in the first groove of the optical layer. Also, the filler is aligned with two of the plurality of first lenses in a first direction.

Abstract: Described are methods and systems that determine bokeh ratio of a camera, such as a webcam in an information handling system. A focal point and bokeh point are determined for the camera. An image of a Siemens star chart (star chart) is captured by the camera at the bokeh point. The diameter of the captured image of the star chart and diameter of blur circle in the image of the star chart are measured. The ratio of the diameter of the blur circle to the diameter of the captured image of the star chart is correlated to the bokeh ratio of the camera.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods including memory commands for semiconductor memories are described. A controller provides a memory system with memory commands to access memory. The commands are decoded to provide internal signals and commands for performing operations, such as operations to access the memory array. The memory commands provided for accessing memory may include timing command and access commands. Examples of access commands include a read command and a write command. Timing commands may be used to control the timing of various operations, for example, for a corresponding access command. The timing commands may include opcodes that set various modes of operation during an associated access operation for an access command.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing display devices includes: a stage; and a head unit disposed on the stage and including a nozzle unit. The head unit further includes a first coating portion covering a bottom surface of the head unit and at least a part of an inner surface of the nozzle unit, and where a thickness of at least a part of the first coating portion becomes narrower toward a top of the first coating portion.

Abstract: There is provided a display device including a substrate, a circuit layer, and an element layer. A display area of the substrate includes a main display area in which emission areas are arranged side by side, and at least one sub-display area surrounded by the main display area. The at least one sub-display area further includes light transmission areas located between the emission areas. The circuit layer includes light-emitting pixel drivers respectively electrically connected to the light-emitting elements of the element layer, data lines transmitting data signals to the light-emitting pixel drivers, first dummy lines extending in a first direction intersecting the data lines, and second dummy lines extending parallel to the data lines and paired with the data lines, respectively. The second dummy lines include reset transmission lines extending from the non-display area to the at least one sub-display area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for setting a reference picture index of a temporal merging candidate. An inter-picture prediction method using a temporal merging candidate can include the steps of determining a reference picture index for a current block; and inducing a temporal merging candidate block of the current block and calculating a temporal merging candidate from the temporal merging candidate block, wherein the reference picture index of the temporal merging candidate can be calculated regardless of whether a block other than the current block is decoded. Accordingly, a video processing speed can be increased and video processing complexity can be reduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The video decoding method according to the present invention may comprise dividing a coding unit into a plurality of sub-units according to a block division structure and performing decoding based on the sub-unit, wherein the block division structure is a block division structure in which division is performed so as to include at least one sub-unit having a predetermined block form other than square and rectangle forms.

Abstract: A calculation system that calculates a usage right for resources of a cloud server by a user using a cloud service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a reception module that generates analysis activity information, which is activity information generated while the user uses the cloud server, in order to determine the usage right; a right module that uses a predetermined analysis method based on the analysis activity information to calculate a corresponding right, which is the usage right corresponding to the analysis activity information and applicable only to a specific user; and a transmission module that transmits a recommendation right calculated utilizing the corresponding right through a predetermined path.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for performing intra prediction are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving an intra-prediction mode for a current block, determining whether or not a left boundary or an upper boundary of the current block is a boundary of a predetermined image region, configuring a reference sample by using at least one reconstructed sample included in at least one reconstructed sample line adjacent to the current block based on the determination result, and performing intra-prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: A shoe care device includes an inner cabinet that has an accommodation space configured to accommodate shoes therein, an inlet defined at a first portion of the accommodation space and configured to supply air to the accommodation space, and an outlet defined at a second portion of the accommodation space and configured to suction air from the accommodation space. The shoe care device further includes a connection path configured to circulate air between the inlet and the outlet, a blowing fan disposed at the connection path and configured to blow air from the outlet toward the inlet, a dehumidifying material disposed at the connection path and configured to dehumidify the air blown by the blowing fan, a heater configured to heat the dehumidifying material, and a regeneration path configured to guide, to a location other than the inlet, the air having passed through the dehumidifying material heated by the heater.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method is provided. An image decoding method of the present invention may comprise deriving an intra-prediction mode of a current luma block, deriving an intra-prediction mode of a current chroma block based on the intra-prediction mode of the current luma block, generating a prediction block of the current chroma block based on the intra-prediction mode of the current chroma block, and the deriving of an intra-prediction mode of a current chroma block may comprise determining whether or not CCLM (Cross-Component Linear Mode) can be performed for the current chroma block.

Abstract: A substrate test apparatus is provided that can measure a dechucking force with high reliability. The substrate test apparatus includes an electrostatic chuck, a normal-force measuring unit disposed on the electrostatic chuck to be capable of pushing or pulling the substrate vertically, an electrostatic-chuck power supplying unit for applying a driving voltage and a first ground voltage to the electrostatic chuck, and a substrate power supplying unit for applying a second ground voltage to the substrate, wherein the substrate test apparatus performs steps including applying the driving voltage to the electrostatic chuck and charging the substrate by applying the second ground voltage to the substrate, subsequently discharging the substrate by applying the first ground voltage to the electrostatic chuck and by applying the second ground voltage to the substrate, and subsequently measuring a dechucking force of the substrate by pulling the substrate vertically by the normal-force measuring unit.

Abstract: An apparatus can include memory devices and a memory controller coupled to the memory devices via memory channels. The memory channels can disable a first memory channel associated with a first memory die in a respective memory chip of a memory device and perform a memory operation via a second memory channel involving a second memory die in the respective memory chip.

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device comprises an electronic component comprising a component face side, a component base side, a component lateral side connecting the component face side to the component base side, and a component port adjacent to the component face side, wherein the component port comprises a component port face. A clip structure comprises a first clip pad, a second clip pad, a first clip leg connecting the first clip pad to the second clip pad, and a first clip face. An encapsulant covers portions of the electronic component and the clip structure. The encapsulant comprises an encapsulant face, the first clip pad is coupled to the electronic component, and the component port face and the first clip face are exposed from the encapsulant face. Other examples and related methods are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus are provided. An image encoding method performed by an image encoding apparatus may comprise determining an intra-prediction mode of a current block, configuring a reference sample of intra prediction by using at least one of a neighbor pixel of the current block in a current picture and a pixel of a reference picture, and performing intra prediction for the current block based on the intra-prediction mode and the reference sample.

Abstract: A method for braking a vehicle includes braking a driving wheel of the vehicle by performing regenerative braking or auxiliary braking; comparing required braking force with braking force of the driving wheel; and additionally braking a non-driving wheel of the vehicle, when the controller concludes that the braking force of the driving wheel is lower than the required braking force.

Abstract: A cover type touch switch structure includes: a seat housing embedded in a seat of a vehicle so as to be fastened to a seat frame; a switch housing disposed in the seat housing and including an outer surface which is coupled to the seat housing via a hook; a light-emitting unit which is disposed in the switch housing and stacked on the seat frame; and a knob unit which has a portion disposed in the switch housing and is stacked on the light-emitting unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a medical vibratory stimulation device comprising: a wearable part that is worn on a target site of the body; a plurality of vibration elements which are arranged in the wearable part to apply vibratory stimuli to the target site of the body; and a control unit which individually controls the plurality of vibration elements so that the plurality of vibration elements sequentially apply vibratory stimuli from the distal portion to the proximal portion of the target site of the body.