Abstract: An active lens includes: a first nanoelectrode unit; a second nanoelectrode unit formed to face the first nanoelectrode unit; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first nanoelectrode unit and the second nanoelectrode unit. Liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer are aligned according to an electric field formed by a voltage applied to the first and second nanoelectrode units to form a refractive power.

Abstract: A multi-touch sensing display apparatus is provided. The multi-touch sensing display apparatus may include a back light unit, a display panel, a sensor unit on a display surface of the display panel, and a touch light source unit providing light to be diffused by a touch of a user so that the sensor unit senses the touch of the user. The touch light source unit may include a touch light source and a transparent light guide plate. The transparent light guide plate may include a light guiding unit and a plurality of light emitting units integrally formed with each other as a single body, wherein the light guiding unit guides light from the touch light source to an inside thereof, and the plurality of light emitting units protrudes from the light guiding unit and emits light from the light guiding unit.

Abstract: Provided is a transflective display apparatus including a light source, a light guide plate guiding light from the light source or incident external light toward the inside, emitting the light or the incident external light to a light emitting surface of the light guide plate, and including a diffusion reflective member formed on the light emitting surface, a color reflective member disposed in a lower portion of the light guide plate and including a plurality of arrayed color regions for reflecting light of a color, a light modulation member disposed in an upper portion of the light guide plate, modulating light, and forming an image, including a plurality of pixel regions corresponding to the plurality of color regions, respectively, each of the plurality of pixel regions including an effective region and an ineffective region, wherein the diffusion reflective member is disposed to face the ineffective region.

Abstract: Provided is a transflective display apparatus including a color reflective plate disposed at a light emitting surface of a light guide plate, and a display panel disposed at another surface of the light emitting surface of the light guide plate so that light emitted from a light source is reflected by a color reflective plate through the light guide plate and travels toward the display panel.

Abstract: Light guide plates having a filled-in type light emitting structure, display apparatuses using a light guide plate and methods of fabricating the same are provided, the light guide plates include a transparent light guide member, and a reflection member filled in the light guide member. The reflection member reflects light incident on the light guide member. The reflection member has a plurality of light exit holes through which light, reflected inside the light guide member, exits.

Abstract: A solar cell, including a substrate, a first electrode disposed on the substrate, a photoelectric conversion layer disposed on the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed on the photoelectric conversion layer, wherein a grating is disposed on at least one of the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a backlight unit and a display apparatus employing the same. The backlight unit may include a light source; a polarization conversion unit configured to convert polarization of light incident from the light source; and a light guide plate configured to emit light incident through the polarization conversion unit. The light guide plate may include a plurality of light emitting portions configured to emit light through specular reflection. The light polarized by the polarization conversion unit may maintain its polarization state when it is subsequently emitted from the light guide plate.

Abstract: A one-dimensional (1D) spatial light modulator (SLM) and an image output device employing the same are provided. The 1D SLM includes: a light deflector including a light guide that is formed of a photonic crystal material having a refractive index that can be varied according to an applied voltage and allows incident light to continue along an original propagation path or deflects the incident light from the original propagation path on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and an electrode portion individually applying a voltage to the light guide; and a light blocking member facing a light exiting surface of the light deflector and blocking a portion of light exiting the light deflector.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to example embodiments may include a light source; an all-in-one type light guide plate; a reflective plate; and a display panel. The all-in-one type light guide plate may include a light guide member and light emitting members, wherein the light guide member reflects light incident from the light source toward the light emitting members, and the light emitting members protrude from one side of the light guide member and emit light incident from the light guide member. The light guide member and the light emitting members may be integrally formed or individually combined to form an all-in-one type light guide plate. The display apparatus may form an image using light from a backlight unit and external light.

Abstract: A diffraction grating including a substrate, and a grating member formed on the substrate, the grating member having a stepped structure including steps, the number of which corresponds to an odd number greater than or equal to three to provide an odd phase structure. The heights of the steps of the grating member are determined such that the light beams diffracted by their corresponding steps substantially have a phase difference of ? with reference to a diffracted light beam of a reference wavelength.

Abstract: A speckle reduction laser and a laser display apparatus having the speckle reduction laser are provided. The speckle reduction laser includes a semiconductor unit that comprises an active layer and emits laser light through a first side surface thereof by resonating light generated from the active layer, and a vibration mirror unit disposed adjacent to a second side surface of the semiconductor unit. The laser further includes a mirror, and the resonance of the laser light is generated between the first side surface of the semiconductor unit and the mirror, and a resonance mode of the laser light is changed according to the vibration of the mirror.

Abstract: A laser television including a plurality of lasers for generating different wavelengths of interferential light; a scanner for displaying color images on a screen composed from the light; and a phase diffuser positioned between the lasers and the scanner for diffusing the light from the lasers according to the light's wavelength. The phase diffuser having a boundary surface, through which the light is outputted to the scanner. The boundary surface is slanted with a predetermined angle to regulate the range of diffraction of the light according to the wavelength.

Abstract: Provided is a one-axis driving optical scanner which includes a substrate, a stage separated from the substrate to a predetermined height and having an upper surface where an optical scanning surface is formed, a torsion spring supporting the stage from middle portions of both edge sides of the stage, a support portion fixed to the substrate to support the torsion spring, a driving portion rotating the stage with respect to the torsion spring forming a center axis, and a flat panel type tuning electrode arranged in an area of the substrate corresponding to the stage.

Abstract: A one-dimensional (1D) spatial light modulator (SLM) and an image output device employing the same are provided. The 1D SLM includes: a light deflector including a light guide that is formed of a photonic crystal material having a refractive index that can be varied according to an applied voltage and allows incident light to continue along an original propagation path or deflects the incident light from the original propagation path on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and an electrode portion individually applying a voltage to the light guide; and a light blocking member facing a light exiting surface of the light deflector and blocking a portion of light exiting the light deflector.

Abstract: A speckle reduction laser and a laser display apparatus having the speckle reduction laser are provided. The speckle reduction laser includes a semiconductor unit that comprises an active layer and emits laser light through a first side surface thereof by resonating light generated from the active layer, and a vibration mirror unit disposed adjacent to a second side surface of the semiconductor unit. The laser further includes a mirror, and the resonance of the laser light is generated between the first side surface of the semiconductor unit and the mirror, and a resonance mode of the laser light is changed according to the vibration of the mirror.

Abstract: Provided is a speckle reduction laser that emits laser light by resonating light generated from an active layer. The speckle reduction laser includes a mode changing unit having an electro-optical material layer disposed in a resonance path of the laser light, wherein a resonance mode of the laser light is changed when a voltage is applied to the electro-optical material layer.

Abstract: The optical scanner package having: an optical scanner device scanning an incident beam and including a scanning mirror and a comb-electrode structure operating the scanning mirror; a package container containing the optical scanner device; and a package window that is formed on the package container to hermetically seal the package container, and includes a reflection mirror which reflects the scanned beam from the optical scanner device to a screen unit on one side, thus separating the path of the scanned beam from the path of a noise beam derived from the incident beam.

Abstract: Provided is a one-axis driving optical scanner which includes a substrate, a stage separated from the substrate to a predetermined height and having an upper surface where an optical scanning surface is formed, a torsion spring supporting the stage from middle portions of both edge sides of the stage, a support portion fixed to the substrate to support the torsion spring, a driving portion rotating the stage with respect to the torsion spring forming a center axis, and a flat panel type tuning electrode arranged in an area of the substrate corresponding to the stage.

Abstract: The system includes an illumination system, a scanner, a non-linear optical element, and a pumping light source. The illumination system emits imaging beam and the scanner scans the beam incident from the illumination system. The non-linear optical element is made of a material having a Kerr effect or the like and forms a lens automatically aligned while following a path of the imaging beam scanned from the scanner. The pumping light source actives the non-linear optical element to cause a non-linear refractive index change of the non-linear optical element.

Abstract: Provided is a one-axis driving optical scanner which includes a substrate, a stage separated from the substrate to a predetermined height and having an upper surface where an optical scanning surface is formed, a torsion spring supporting the stage from middle portions of both edge sides of the stage, a support portion fixed to the substrate to support the torsion spring, a driving portion rotating the stage with respect to the torsion spring forming a center axis, and a flat panel type tuning electrode arranged in an area of the substrate corresponding to the stage.