Abstract: An electro-optic modulation structure 110, a method for fabrication of the electro-optic modulation structure, and a method of optical modulation derived from an electro-optic modulation structure with low voltage of operation are disclosed. The low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulator is realized by designed electro-optic modulation structures that include the light confining waveguide 114, overclad layer 120 and modulating electrode structure 116 for applying modulation voltages that are directed towards a low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulation 110 device upon consideration of optimal optical loss.

Abstract: Wafer level solder ball bridge formation is used to provide electrical and thermal coupling between bond pads formed on substrates and bond pads formed on devices mounted on substrates. Solder balls anchored to solder-wettable bond pads enable sequential linking of laterally coupled solder balls over non-solder-wettable surface in the formation of solder ball bridge assemblies. Solder ball bridges formed between a device disposed on a substrate and a substrate enables thermal energy transfer and electrical interconnection between the device and the substrate.

Abstract: A structure and method for the wafer level testing of interposer-based photonic integrated circuits is described that includes the formation of an upturned mirror structure and the method of utilizing the interposer-based mirror structure for electrical and optical testing of optoelectrical circuits that include emitting components such as lasers, detecting components such as photodetectors, and both emitting and detecting components. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical emitting or sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in detecting or receiving devices provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate, preparation method therefor and use thereof are provided. The hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate is of formula (I-0), The hydrocarbyl tetralin polyethersulfonate has a high surface and interface activity, can be used in an oil reservoir exploitation, especially in a high-temperature and high-salt oil reservoir exploitation, to improve crude oil recovery.

Abstract: A structure and method for the wafer level testing of interposer-based photonic integrated circuits is described that includes the formation of an upturned mirror structure and the method of utilizing the interposer-based mirror structure for electrical and optical testing of optoelectrical circuits that include emitting components such as lasers, detecting components such as photodetectors, and both emitting and detecting components. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical emitting or sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in detecting or receiving devices provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A structure and method for the wafer level testing of interposer-based photonic integrated circuits is described that includes the formation of an upturned mirror structure and the method of utilizing the interposer-based mirror structure for electrical and optical testing of optoelectrical circuits that include emitting components such as lasers, detecting components such as photodetectors, and both emitting and detecting components. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical emitting or sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in detecting or receiving devices provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A structure and method for the formation of a reflector structure having three-dimensional surface curvature is disclosed. Beam narrowing upon reflection from the three-dimensionally curved surface in embodiments can provide improved coupling efficiency in addition to the directional change provided by the reflector.

Abstract: A structure and method for the formation of a reflector structure having three-dimensional surface curvature is disclosed. Beam narrowing upon reflection from the three-dimensionally curved surface in embodiments can provide improved coupling efficiency in addition to the directional change provided by the reflector.

Abstract: An electro-optic modulation structure 110, a method for fabrication of the electro-optic modulation structure, and a method of optical modulation derived from an electro-optic modulation structure with low voltage of operation are disclosed. The low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulator is realized by designed electro-optic modulation structures that include the light confining waveguide 114, overclad layer 120 and modulating electrode structure 116 for applying modulation voltages that are directed towards a low voltage operation of the electro-optic modulation 110 device upon consideration of optimal optical loss.

Abstract: A traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide extract freeze-drying protective agent, a direct-to-vat starter and preparation methods thereof are disclosed, which belong to the technical field of feed starter. The compound traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide extract freeze-drying protective agent includes Poria cocos polysaccharide extract, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide extract, Radix codonopsis polysaccharide extract, L-tyrosine, ?-cyclodextrin and polyethyleneimine. Its application in the freeze-drying protection of direct-to-vat starter of aquatic fermentation feed can reduce the damage to the cells caused by freeze-drying, improve the survival rate of the cells in the starter after freeze-drying, effectively prolong the storage period of the starter, and ensure that the fermentation activity remains at a high level during storage.

Abstract: A spectroscope using single-photon counters and a chip-integrated lithium niobate micro-ring filter to measure the atmospheric CO2 absorption spectrum passively is disclosed. By thermo-optically sweeping the filter over 150 pm and referencing the resulting photon counts to a bypass channel, the absorption spectrum can be sampled at an ultrahigh-resolution of 6 pm. The spectroscope can be a part of a ground-based field system, wherein the CO2 absorption through the atmosphere can be characterized by counting the solar photons across the absorption line around 1572.02 nm, which agrees well with its transmission spectrum at standard atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biological and chemical composite blockage removing agent and preparation process and use thereof, and mainly solves the problems that the existing blockage removing agents have poor blockage removal effect on organic blockages, cause damage to formations and oil-wells, produce serious environmental pollution, and corrode the equipment, pipelines, and the like. The problems can be well solved by using a technical solution of a biological and chemical composite blockage removing agent, which contains the following components in parts by mass: A. 10-50 parts of a biosurfactant; B. 5-20 parts of a chemical surfactant; wherein the chemical surfactant is an anionic-nonionic surfactant, and said technical solution can be used in the industrial production for removing the blockage in the oilfield, and reducing the injection pressure and increasing the injection.

Abstract: A device for generation of genuine random numbers, uses quantum stochastic processes in optical parametric nonlinear media. The dimensionality of the random numbers is varied from 2 to over 100,000. Their statistical properties, including the correlation function amongst random numbers, are tailored using linear and nonlinear optical circuits following the parametric nonlinear media. Both the generation and manipulation of random numbers are integrated on a single nanophotonics chip. By incorporating optoelectric effects, fast streams of random numbers are created in custom statistical properties, which are updated or reconfigured in real time, such as at 10 GHz speed. The unpredictability of the random numbers is quantifying by evaluating their min-entropy. The genuineness of quantum random numbers is tested using both statistical tools and independently verified by measuring the quantum entanglement between the photons in real time.

Abstract: A method for managing one or more wireless connections includes: conducting a plurality of scan operations and a plurality of connection operations. Each scan operation is conducted within one of a plurality of scan windows, and each connection operation is conducted within one of a plurality of connection windows. The scan windows and the connection windows do not overlap with each other. Consecutive scan windows are separated by a scan interval, which is a first integer multiplication of a minimum interval, and consecutive connection windows are separated by a connection interval, which is a second integer multiplication of the minimum interval. When a new wireless connection is added or an existing wireless connection is removed, the link positions corresponding to wireless connections are adjusted to provide balanced distribution of time slot resource for the wireless connections.

Abstract: A method for managing one or more wireless connections includes: conducting a plurality of scan operations and a plurality of connection operations. Each scan operation is conducted within one of a plurality of scan windows, and each connection operation is conducted within one of a plurality of connection windows. The scan windows and the connection windows do not overlap with each other. Consecutive scan windows are separated by a scan interval, which is a first integer multiplication of a minimum interval, and consecutive connection windows are separated by a connection interval, which is a second integer multiplication of the minimum interval. When a new wireless connection is added or an existing wireless connection is removed, the link positions corresponding to wireless connections are adjusted to provide balanced distribution of time slot resource for the wireless connections.

Abstract: A structure and method for the wafer level testing of interposer-based photonic integrated circuits is described that includes the formation of an upturned mirror structure and the method of utilizing the interposer-based mirror structure for electrical and optical testing of optoelectrical circuits that include emitting components such as lasers, detecting components such as photodetectors, and both emitting and detecting components. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical emitting or sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in detecting or receiving devices provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A structure and method for the wafer level testing of interposer-based photonic integrated circuits is described that includes the formation of an upturned mirror structure and the method of utilizing the interposer-based mirror structure for electrical and optical testing of optoelectrical circuits that include emitting components such as lasers, detecting components such as photodetectors, and both emitting and detecting components. Electrical activation of the optoelectrical emitting or sending devices and the subsequent detection and measurement of the optical signals in detecting or receiving devices provides information on the operability or functionality of the PIC on the die at the wafer level, prior to die separation or singulation, using the electrical and optical components of the PIC circuit.

Abstract: A device for generation of genuine random numbers, uses quantum stochastic processes in optical parametric nonlinear media. The dimensionality of the random numbers is varied from 2 to over 100,000. Their statistical properties, including the correlation function amongst random numbers, are tailored using linear and nonlinear optical circuits following the parametric nonlinear media. Both the generation and manipulation of random numbers can be integrated on a single nanophotonics chip. By incorporating optoelectric effects, fast streams of random numbers can be created in custom statistical properties, which can be updated or reconfigured in real time, such as at 10 GHz speed. The unpredictability of the random numbers is quantifying by evaluating their min-entropy. The genuineness of quantum random numbers is tested using both statistical tools and independently verified by measuring the quantum entanglement between the photons in real time reducing vulnerability to hostile attack.

Abstract: Approaches, apparatuses and methods for LIDAR applications based on mode-selective frequency conversion are disclosed. In one embodiment, a pulse generation unit includes a mode-locked fiber laser and optical fiber bandpass filters. In the second embodiment, a LIDAR transceiver unit based on a simple, bidirectional monostatic coaxial arrangement using off-the-shelf tele-com-grade optical components includes optical fiber, fiber collimator, optical fiber circulator, optical fiber isolator and wavelength combiner. A frequency conversion detection system with single photon sensitivity includes a nonlinear optical material for frequency conversion, coupled with optimized pump pulses for efficient conversion and noise rejection, optical band pass filters for noise rejection and a single photon detection system for detecting the converted signal.