Abstract: A mask for photolithography includes: a transparent substrate; a phase shift pattern on the transparent substrate and configured to change a phase of light; a dielectric layer on the transparent substrate; and a negative refractive-index meta material layer on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Provided are a frame error concealment method and apparatus and an error concealment scheme construction method and apparatus. The frame error concealment method includes generating a new signal by synthesizing a plurality of previous signals that are similar to a signal of an error frame and reconstructing the signal of the error frame using the generated signal.

Abstract: An error concealment method and apparatus for an audio signal and a decoding method and apparatus for an audio signal using the error concealment method and apparatus. The error concealment method includes selecting one of an error concealment in a frequency domain and an error concealment in a time domain as an error concealment scheme for a current frame based on a predetermined criteria when an error occurs in the current frame, selecting one of a repetition scheme and an interpolation scheme in the frequency domain as the error concealment scheme for the current frame based on a predetermined criteria when the error concealment in the frequency domain is selected, and concealing the error of the current frame using the selected scheme.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a polymer electrolyte electrode for fuel cells that can improve performance of the electrode for fuel cells and the capability to transfer substances into the electrode by sequentially bringing two kinds of cation exchange resins into contact with catalysts, powderizing the same and incorporating a catalyst having a multilayer structure including a core and two or more layers of shells into the electrode for fuel cells, and an electrode manufactured by the method.

Abstract: Disclosed is a massage apparatus including oscillators which receive supplied power and oscillate under control of a controller. Here, two oscillators installed to allow oscillation directions thereof to be at right angle are included, and the controller sequentially controls power supplied to the two oscillators to perform oscillations in an order of a bowel movement direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solar cell and a manufacturing method therefor. According to the manufacturing method, a highly efficient perovskite solar cell can be manufactured by inducing a spontaneous formation of a recombination preventing layer using the organic halide and the metal halide at a specific molar ratio.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dispersing method of a carbon nanotube comprising: the first step of mixing a carbon nanotube aggregate, a magnetic material and a dispersant; and the second step of applying a magnetic field to the mixture obtained in the first step to disperse the carbon nanotube aggregate, a dispersing apparatus of a carbon nanotube, and a carbon nanotube dispersion obtained thereby. A carbon nanotube aggregate can be more effectively dispersed without damaging a carbon nanotube by the dispersing method of a carbon nanotube according to the present disclosure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing audio data are provided. When an encoded audio bitstream sampled at a sampling frequency is received, a resampling ratio for processing the encoded audio bitstream is computed. If the the resampling ratio is within the resampling threshold range, then the encoded audio bitstream is processed in frequency domain and a desired number of audio samples per frame are outputted according to the resampling ratio. The encoded audio bitstream is processed in frequency domain using sample rate converter integrated into a filter bank of an audio decoder. If the resampling ratio is outside the resampling threshold range, then the encoded audio bitstream is processed in time domain and a desired number of audio samples per frame are outputted according to the resampling ratio.

Abstract: A display apparatus is provided. The display apparatus includes a communication interface; a display; and a processor configured to control the communicator to receive a content image from a server, control a screen of the display to display the content image and a first image, determine a size of the first image as displayed on the screen of the display apparatus, generate a second image by resizing the first image in response to determining the size of the first image does not correspond to a sensible size, and control the screen of the display to display the content image and the second image.

Abstract: Provided is an adduct represented by Formula 1: A.PbY2.Q??(1) wherein A is an organic or inorganic halide, Y is F?, Cl?, Br? or I? as a halogen ion, and Q is a Lewis base including a functional group containing a nitrogen (N), oxygen (O) or sulfur (S) atom with an unshared pair of electrons as an electron pair donor. The Lewis base is maintained more stable in the lead halide adduct. Therefore, the use of the adduct enables the fabrication of a perovskite solar cell with high conversion efficiency.

Abstract: A method of forming a pattern includes: preparing a target substrate including a photoresist layer on a base substrate; aligning a phase shift mask to the target substrate, the phase shift mask including a mask substrate comparted into a first region including a first sub region and second sub regions at sides of the first sub region, and second regions at sides of the first region, the phase shift mask including a phase shift layer on the mask substrate corresponding to the first region; fully exposing the photoresist layer at the first sub region and the second regions by utilizing the phase shift mask; and removing the photoresist layer at the first sub region and the second regions to form first and second photoresist patterns corresponding to the second sub regions. Transmittance of the phase shift layer is selected to fully expose the photoresist layer in the first sub region.

Abstract: An electronic device for managing one or more applications is provided. The electronic device includes a display, a location measurement module, a communication interface, a memory configured to store a first application program and a second application program, and a processor, electrically connected to the display, the location measurement module, the communication interface, and the memory, configured to execute the first application program, acquire a location information request from the first application program, and determine whether to respond to the location information request at least partially based on a state of the display or information related to the first application program when the instructions are executed.

Abstract: Provided are a frame error concealment method and apparatus and an error concealment scheme construction method and apparatus. The frame error concealment method includes generating a new signal by synthesizing a plurality of previous signals that are similar to a signal of an error frame and reconstructing the signal of the error frame using the generated signal.

Abstract: A video wall system for displaying a video wall image is provided. The video wall system includes a plurality of display apparatuses configured to display a video wall image, and each of the plurality of display apparatuses includes a signal processor, a display and a controller. The signal processor is configured to process an image signal of a video wall image. The display scans in one of a first scanning direction and a second scanning direction opposite the first scanning direction based on the processed image signal to display an individual image split from the video wall image. The controller controls the display to scan in one of the first scanning direction and the second scanning direction determined based on a scanning direction of an adjacent other display apparatus. With this, the video wall system may display the video wall image without generating steps caused by differences in screen playing speed between adjacent display apparatuses.

Abstract: A video wall system is provided. The video wall system includes a first display apparatus and a second display apparatus. The first display apparatus displays a first individual image which corresponds to a first area of a first video wall image, and transmits the first video wall image to the second display apparatus; and, in response to an execution condition for anti-screen burn operation being satisfied while the first individual image is displayed, generates a second video wall image by changing the first video wall image, displays a second individual image which corresponds to the first area of the generated second video wall image, and transmits the generated second video wall image to the second display apparatus. The second display apparatus displays a third individual image which corresponds to a second area of one video wall image of the first video wall image and the second video wall image received from the first display apparatus, wherein the second area is different from the first area.

Abstract: An apparatus for processing data including a data compressor configured to compress ultrasonic data, and store the compressed ultrasonic data in a memory; and a data decompressor configured to read the stored ultrasonic data from the memory, decompress the read ultrasonic data, and transfer the decompressed ultrasonic data to a processor configured to perform beamforming.

Abstract: A phase shift mask enables much smaller scale of electronic circuit pattern. A phase shift mask comprises a transparent substrate, a phase shift pattern arranged on the transparent substrate to change a phase of light that penetrates the transparent substrate, and a metal coating layer arranged on at least a part of a surface of the phase shift pattern.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electrode for a fuel cell includes a mixing step of producing a first mixed solution by mixing a carbon support, a metal catalyst, a binder and a first dispersion solvent, a drying step of producing a first mixed solution dried body by drying the first mixed solution, a heat treatment step of heating the first mixed solution dried body, a second mixed solution production step of producing a second mixed solution by dissolving the heat-treated first mixed solution dried body in a second dispersion solvent, and a release paper coating step of producing an electrode by coating the second mixed solution onto a release paper, and then drying the second mixed solution.

Abstract: Provided are a frame error concealment method and apparatus and an error concealment scheme construction method and apparatus. The frame error concealment method includes generating a new signal by synthesizing a plurality of previous signals that are similar to a signal of an error frame and reconstructing the signal of the error frame using the generated signal.

Abstract: Provided are apparatus and method for controlling total dissolved solids, and water treatment apparatus including apparatus for controlling total dissolved solids. The total dissolved solid controlling apparatus includes, a filtering unit including a deionizing filter removing dissolved solids from inflow raw water by an input current and, a control unit controlling the input current such that water discharged from the deionizing filter corresponds to target total dissolved solids.