Abstract: A method of managing a relay path in a mobile multi-hop relay (MMR) environment is provided. A relay station (RS) discovers a link quality of neighboring RSs, which is necessary for managing a path, and reports the link quality to a base station (BS). The BS selects an optimal path having a tree-structure based on the reported link quality and informs the RS. Thus, wireless resources can be efficiently used.

Abstract: An ice detecting apparatus for a refrigerator comprising and ice maker, a storage container to collect ice from the ice maker, and an ice detecting sensor provided at the ice maker including a transmitting unit to transmit one or more pulses, and a receiving unit to detect the pulses transmitted from the transmitting unit. A controller to determine whether the storage container is full or nearly full based on the pulses detected by the receiving unit among one or more pulses transmitted by the transmitting unit.

Abstract: An ice detecting apparatus of an ice maker disposed to make ice in a refrigerator includes an ice maker and an ice detecting sensor to detect an ice-full state of ice discharged from the ice maker. The ice detecting sensor may be disposed at the ice maker. The ice detecting sensor may also be heated by a heater.

Abstract: An ice detecting apparatus for a refrigerator the apparatus includes an ice maker, an ice container to collect ice made by the ice maker, and an ice detecting sensor to detect an amount of ice stored in the ice container. The ice detecting sensor has a transmitter module provided on one side of the ice maker and a receiver module provided on another side of the ice maker. The transmitter module is separated by a prescribed distance from the receiver module. At least one of the transmitter module or receiver module includes at least one optical element and at least one heater, and the heater is made of an electroconductive heating material.

Abstract: An ice detecting apparatus for an ice maker provided in a refrigerator includes an ice maker, and an ice detecting sensor attached to the ice maker and detecting an amount of ice collected in an ice container. The ice detecting sensor includes at least one optical transmitter or emitter provided on one side of the ice maker and at least one receiver at another side of the ice maker. The optical transmitter and receiver are separated by a prescribed distance and, at least one heater is provided to generate heat to be transferred to at least one of the optical transmitter or receiver.

Abstract: A magnetic recording head and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The method includes layering sequentially first magnetic layer and an insulating cap layer on a first insulating layer; forming a mask pattern of a desired width on the insulating cap layer, and etching the first magnetic layer and the insulating cap layer until the first insulating layer is exposed, thereby forming a trapezoidal layered portion; depositing an insulating material on the first insulating layer to form a second insulating layer to bury a periphery of the trapezoidal layered portion; and forming a second magnetic layer on the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A recording medium including a perpendicular magnetic recording layer and a laminated SUL formed on a substrate is provided. The SUL includes an antiferromagnetic layer interposed between laminated structures including a magnetic layer, a non-magnetic layer and a magnetic layer. The layers may each have a thickness of 20 nm or less and the layers below the antiferromagnetic layer may be thinner than the layers on the antiferromagnetic layer. The laminated structures formed on and below the antiferromagnetic layer have unidirectional magnetic anisotropies set in the opposite radial direction to each other by an exchange bias. As a result, media magnetic domain noise can be diminished.

Abstract: A magnetic recording head includes a return pole, a writing pole spaced a predetermined distance from the return pole, an induction writing coil forming a magnetic field on the writing pole, and a writing pole shield formed on the same plane as the writing pole.

Abstract: A photo spinner apparatus, including a spin coater for coating a plurality of wafers with photoresist, a bake device for hardening the photoresist coated by the spin coater, a developer for developing the photoresist hardened in the bake device, a transfer unit for transferring the plurality of wafers between the developer, the bake device, and the spin coater, and an indexer including a wafer carrier loader to vertically stack a plurality of wafer carriers into which the plurality of wafers transferred by the transfer unit are loaded.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel polybenzimidazole-benzamide copolymer composed of the repeating units represented by formula 1 which is applicable to the electrolyte membrane of fuel cell and a preparation method of the same. The present invention also relates to an electrolyte membrane produced from the above copolymer of the invention and a preparation method thereof. The present invention further relates to a membrane-electrode unit for fuel cell containing the electrolyte membrane of the invention and a fuel cell system including the unit. The electrolyte membrane prepared by the polybenzimidazole-benzamide copolymer of the invention has improved proton conductivity, compared with the conventional polybenzimidazole polymer membrane, and has thermal and chemical stability in addition to the operating capacity in a wide temperature range. Wherein, x is 0.1˜99.9.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a surface modifier for metal oxide particles and a method of modifying the surface of metal oxide particles using the same. The surface modifier consists either of an alkylsilanepolyol containing a cyclic alkyl group capable of imparting steric hindrance or of a mixture of said alkylsilanepolyol with alkylalkoxysilane, and the method of modifying the surface of metal oxide particles comprises coating the surface modifier on the hydrophilic surface of the metal oxide particles through chemical bonding so as to impart hydrophobicity or amphiphilicity (hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity) and reactivity to the surface of the metal oxide particles.

Abstract: A magnetic write head includes a main pole, a return yoke forming a magnetic path with the main pole, a side shield formed at both sides of the main pole, and a shield gap layer formed between the side shield and the return yoke. The side shield and the return yoke have portions connected to each, and are separated from each other by the shield gap layer in an area except for the portions which contact. A first gap layer formed of a nonmagnetic insulation material is formed between both sides of the main pole and the side shield. A gap is formed between an end portion of the main pole and an end portion of the return yoke and a second gap layer is formed in the gap with a nonmagnetic insulation material.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stock account/order/market price inquiry service method using a mobile terminal that is able to perform a stock account/order/market price inquiry service through a mobile terminal using a stock chip. A stock account/order/market price inquiry service method comprising the steps of: (1) displaying a lower menu page on a mobile terminal of the stock account/order service after a PIN authentication; (2) generating an account/order service request message on the basis of stock chip information read from a stock chip and service request information corresponding to the lower menu and then transmitting the same to a relay server; and (3) receiving a service response message corresponding to service request message from the relay server and displaying the same on the screen of a mobile terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a stock account/order/market price inquiry service method using a mobile terminal that is able to perform a stock account/order/market price inquiry service through a mobile terminal using a stock chip. A stock account/order/market price inquiry service method comprising the steps of: (1) displaying a lower menu page on a mobile terminal of the stock account/order service after a PIN authentication; (2) generating an account/order service request message on the basis of stock chip information read from a stock chip and service request information corresponding to the lower menu and then transmitting the same to a relay server; and (3) receiving a service response message corresponding to service request message from the relay server and displaying the same on the screen of a mobile terminal.

Abstract: Provided are a magnetic head, a magnetic recording medium, and a magnetic recording apparatus using the magnetic head and the magnetic recording medium. The magnetic head is used for magnetically recording data on a magnetic recording medium and includes a main pole; a return-yoke forming a magnetic path along with the main pole; a coil for inducing a magnetic field to emit a magnetic field for magnetic recording through an end tip of the main pole near a magnetic recording medium; and an insulating layer for electrically insulating the main pole from the return-yoke. The main pole is electrically connected to an external device and generates an electric field for assisting magnetic recording along the magnetic field for magnetic recording. In this structure, the coercive force of a magnetic recording layer can be reduced during magnetic recording so that data can be recorded at high density.

Abstract: An apparatus for restoring network information for a home network system and a method thereof are disclosed. The apparatus includes at least one slave having means for communicating with an external appliances; a master having means for communicating with the slave, checking a state of the slave, storing state information of the slave, and providing the state information to the slave when the slave is reset; and a home network unit connecting the communication means of the master and the slave to form a network of the master and the slave.

Abstract: This invention is about a device used for installing a fixing nut on the targeted objects-multiple fixing screw axes protruded from the hub or for separating them from the targeted object or the fixing screw axis in order to fix vehicle's tire wheel to the hub when installing or separating a fixing nut from targeted objects. Based on the idle operation of the operating gear, not based on the visual examination, the invention immediately recognizes the complete installation of a fixing nut. Likewise, this invention is to provide a wrench that maximizes user convenience.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic head having a magnetic thin film structure that reduces the effect of a stray field and generates a magnetization reversal at a high speed. The magnetic head includes a first pole, a second pole spaced apart from the first pole, and an induction coil that induces a magnetic field in the first and second poles, wherein the first and second poles include a pole tip in which a leakage flux for recording is generated, and a head yoke that guides the flux flowing in the poles, and at least one implant for controlling a magnetic domain, the implant formed in at least one of the first and second poles. The magnetic thin film can effectively reduce the effect of a stray field entering from the outside, and can control a domain wall motion so that high speed magnetic recording is possible, by generating a magnetization reversal at a high speed corresponding to a magnetic field applied by an induction coil.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic recording apparatus including a magnetic recording medium having a magnetic recording position patterned of a magnetic substance and a read head reading information from the magnetic recording medium, wherein the magnetic recording medium includes: a data area having the magnetic recording position patterned including a plurality of data tracks; and a servo area including a servo burst for tracking the data tracks, wherein the servo burst includes a plurality of bursts deviating from one another in a downtrack direction, and a width of each of the bursts is equal to or greater than a width of the read head and narrower than twice the width of the read head. According to this structure, although data is reproduced using a read head having a greater width than a width of each of data tracks, a linear section in which an output voltage is reduced depending on a size of an off-track is formed. As a result, a dead zone can be removed.

Abstract: Provided is an aerostatic bearing spindle system using a unidirectional porous metal. The aerostatic bearing spindle system using a unidirectional porous metal may be used to serve as bearings in a region is in contact with the unidirectional porous metals when the unidirectional porous metals are rotated at a high speed, the unidirectional porous metals being manufactured with high porosity and directionality using the metallurgical method.