Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a first input shaft fixedly connected to an engine output shaft, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input shaft external to the second input shaft and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft and an output shaft mounted in parallel with the input shafts, a planetary gear set having first to third elements and mounted on the intermediate shaft where two of the three elements are selectively connectable to the intermediate shaft, a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the various shafts and the planetary gear set, first and second synchronizers mounted on the at least one output shaft to selectively receive torques from the second and third input shafts through a plurality of paths and to transmit the received torque to the at least one output shaft, and four clutches.

Abstract: A transmission may include a first input shaft, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input shaft external to the second input shaft and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft, an idle shaft, and an output shaft, a planetary gear set mounted on the intermediate shaft and having first to third elements where the third element and one the first and second elements are selectively connectable to the intermediate shaft and the first and second elements are connected to the third and second input shafts, a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the various shafts and the planetary gear set, first and second synchronizers on the output shaft, receiving torques from the input shafts, and selectively transmitting the received torque to the output shaft, and four clutches.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a first input shaft fixedly connected to an engine output shaft, a second input shaft and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input selectively connectable to the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft and first and second output shafts, an idle shaft mounted, a planetary gear set, the second rotation element and one of the first and third rotation elements selectively connectable to the intermediate shaft, the first and third rotation elements connected to the third and second input shafts, a plurality of gear sets, a first synchronizer selectively receiving a torque from the second input shaft and transmitting the received first torque to the first output shaft, a second synchronizer selectively receiving a torque from the third input shaft and transmitting the received second torque to the second output shaft, and four clutches.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a motor/generator having a rotor selectively connectable to an engine output shaft, a first input shaft mounted coaxial with the engine output shaft and selectively connectable to the rotor, a second input shaft external to the first input shaft and fixedly connected to the rotor, an intermediate shaft parallel with the input shafts, first and second output shafts receiving torques from the first and second input shafts, and outputting a shifted torque based on the received torques, a planetary gear set mounted on the first output shaft, having a sun gear fixedly connected to the first output shaft, selectively receiving torques from the first and second input shafts and the intermediate shaft, and outputting a shifted torque based on the received torques to the first output shaft, and a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the various shafts.

Abstract: A microorganism of the genus Corynebacterium producing L-amino acids, and a method of producing L-amino acids using the same.

Abstract: A transmission may include a first input shaft, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input shaft external to the second input shaft and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft, an idle shaft, and an output shaft, a planetary gear set mounted on the intermediate shaft and having first to third elements where the third element and one the first and second elements are selectively connectable to the intermediate shaft and the first and second elements are connected to the third and second input shafts, a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the various shafts and the planetary gear set, first and second synchronizers on the output shaft, receiving torques from the input shafts, and selectively transmitting the received torque to the output shaft, and four clutches.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a first input shaft, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, a third input shaft external to the second input shaft and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, an intermediate shaft, first and second output shafts, first and second idle shafts, a planetary gear set mounted on the intermediate shaft and having first to elements and where two elements are selectively connectable to the intermediate shaft, a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the various shafts and the planetary gear set, first and second synchronizers respectively mounted on the first and second output shafts, selectively receiving a torque from the second and third input shafts through two paths, and transmitting the received torque to the first and second output shaft, and four clutches.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a motor/generator having a rotor selectively connectable to an engine output shaft, a first input shaft mounted along an axis of the engine output shaft and fixedly connected to the rotor, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, first and second intermediate shafts and an output shaft mounted in parallel with the input shafts, a planetary gear set mounted on the output shaft, having a sun gear fixedly connected to the output shaft, selectively receiving torques from the first and second input shafts and the first and second intermediate shafts, and outputting the shifted torque based on the received torques to the output shaft, and a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the first and second input shafts, the first and second intermediate shafts, and the output shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a motor/generator having a rotor selectively connectable to an engine output shaft, a first input shaft mounted along an axis of the engine output shaft and fixedly connected to the rotor, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, first and second intermediate shafts and an output shaft mounted in parallel with the input shafts, a planetary gear set mounted on the output shaft, having a sun gear fixedly connected to the output shaft, selectively receiving torques from the first and second input shafts and the first and second intermediate shafts, and outputting the shifted torque based on the received torques to the output shaft, and a plurality of gear sets allowing torque flows between the first and second input shafts, the first and second intermediate shafts, and the output shaft.

Abstract: A synchronizer apparatus for a transmission includes first and second shifting gears rotatable on output shaft, a hub spline-coupled with output shaft and having a slope portion having slanted surfaces, a sleeve spline-coupled with hub, a key coupled with the slope portion, first and second clutch gears disposed between hub and shifting gears, first and second outer rings and first and second inner rings disposed between hub and clutch gears, first and second synchronizer cones disposed between first inner and outer rings and second inner and outer rings and engaged with clutch gears, a poppet ball unit disposed at sleeve and contacting key through a poppet ball, first and second push blocks disposed at slanted surfaces, and first and second push springs inserted in spring holes formed at push blocks. In addition, the push springs is abutted by key such to force push blocks to tightly contact slanted surfaces.

Abstract: Disclosed is a microorganism of Escherichia sp. producing O-acetyl homoserine, and a method of producing O-acetyl homoserine in high yield using the microorganism.

Abstract: Provided are an O-succinyl homoserine transferase variant, a polynucleotide encoding the variant, a microorganism comprising the variant, and a method of producing O-succinyl homoserine using the microorganism.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus of a hybrid electric vehicle using an engine and first and second motor/generators as power sources, may include a first shaft, a second shaft which is selectively connectable to the first shaft and fixedly connected to the first motor/generator, a third shaft selectively connectable to the first shaft, a fourth shaft coaxially mounted with the third shaft, a fifth shaft transferring rotational power transmitted from the third and fourth shafts to a final reduction gear, a sixth shaft fixedly connected to the second motor/generator, a seventh shaft transferring rotational power transmitted from the sixth shaft to the final reduction gear and a planetary gear set including first, second, and third rotation elements wherein the first to seventh shafts are externally gear-meshed with each other by four gear sets so that rotational power is transmitted.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus may include a motor/generator having a rotor selectively connectable to an engine output shaft, a first input shaft mounted coaxial with the engine output shaft and fixedly connected to the rotor, a second input shaft external and selectively connectable to the first input shaft, first and second intermediate shafts and an output shaft mounted in parallel with input shafts, a planetary gear set mounted on the output shaft, having a sun gear fixedly connected to the output shaft, selectively receiving torques from the first and second input shafts and the first and second intermediate shafts, and outputting a shifted torque based on the received torques to the output shaft, and a plurality of external gear sets forming external engagements among the various shafts.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus for a vehicle may include: first, second, and third input shafts disposed coaxially with each other and each selectively connected with a motor/generator; a torque mediating shaft disposed coaxially with the first input shaft; a first intermediate shaft in parallel with the first input shaft; a second intermediate shaft in parallel with the first input shaft, and selectively connected with a transmission housing; a first shifting section including five gear sets, selectively receiving torques through the first and third input shafts, and providing intermediate shift-stages; and a second shifting section including a planetary gear set, forming an output torque by combination of torques from the first shifting section and the second input shaft, and outputting the output torque to the output shaft through one gear set.

Abstract: A friction element latch device includes: a screw provided to be rotatable by receiving power from a driving source; a piston arranged to be movable by rotation of the screw; a guide arranged to selectively restrict movement of the piston; a guide pin protruding in a radial direction from an outer circumferential surface of the piston and guided by the guide; and a friction element arranged to be engaged as the piston moves.

Abstract: A clutching device of an automatic transmission includes: a clutch drum connected with a first rotation element, a clutch connected with the clutch drum and also a second rotation element, and a piston unit to operate the clutch. In particular, the piston unit includes: a first piston forming a first sealed space with the first rotation element and the clutch drum and moving toward the clutch to directly press the clutch by a hydraulic pressure supplied to the first space, a second piston forming a second sealed space with the first piston and the first rotation element, a spring retainer arranged on the first rotation element and forming a third sealed space with the first and second pistons and the first rotation element, a first return spring disposed between the first and second pistons, and a second return spring disposed between the spring retainer and the second piston.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes: a first input shaft always receiving an input torque from an engine; second and third input shafts coaxially disposed and selectively connected with the first input shaft; a torque mediating shaft selectively connected with the first input shaft or a transmission housing; first and second intermediate shafts and an output shaft respectively disposed in parallel with the first input shaft; a first preliminary shifting section receiving a torque through a first input gear set, selectively shifting the received torque, and outputting the shifted torque; a second preliminary shifting section including a second shifting gear set which outputs a torque from the first input shaft and stops; and a compound shifting section forming an output torque by the input torque and the first and second shifted torques.

Abstract: A power transmission apparatus includes a first input shaft receiving an input torque, second and third input shafts coaxially disposed and selectively connected with the first input shaft, first and second torque mediating shafts coaxially disposed with the first input shaft, first and second intermediate shafts and an output shaft disposed in parallel with the first input shaft, a first shifting section receiving a torque from the third input shaft and outputting a plurality of first shifted torques, a second shifting section including a first planetary gear set selectively connected with the first input shaft and outputting a plurality of second shifted torques, and a compound shifting section forming an output torque by the input torque and the first and second shifted torques.

Abstract: A powertrain for a vehicle may include a first planetary gear set configured such that a first rotation element of three rotation elements thereof is connected to an input shaft; and a first clutch device and a second clutch device provided in series between a second rotation element and a third rotation element of the first planetary gear set to directly connect the second rotation element and the third rotation element, wherein the second clutch device is configured to selectively lock the third rotation element; and the second rotation element of the first planetary gear set functions as an output element of the first planetary gear set.