Abstract: An analysis apparatus includes a laser irradiation unit that irradiates a laser beam, a beam scanner that moves along a pattern to change a position at which the laser beam is irradiated to a sample, a first lens through which a light provided from the sample is transmitted, an optical member to which the light that passes through the first lens is provided and through which a pin hole is defined, and a detection unit that detects a detection light passed through the pin hole.

Abstract: Provided are a display device and a manufacturing method therefor. The display device includes: a first substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other on the first substrate; a plurality of light emitting elements at least a portion of which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first contact electrode at least partially covering the first electrode and contacting one end of each of the light emitting elements; and a second contact electrode spaced apart from the first contact electrode to at least partially cover the second electrode and contacting the other end of each of the light emitting elements, wherein the first contact electrode and the second contact electrode comprise a conductive polymer.

Abstract: A method of determining crystallinity may include acquiring a Raman spectrum of each of samples that are crystallized, determining a first sample that exhibits a first Raman spectrum having a first Raman intensity that is largest among the Raman spectra, as an optimal sample, and determining a second sample that exhibits a second Raman spectrum having a second Raman intensity that is within a range from the first Raman intensity based on the first Raman intensity, as a first normal sample.

Abstract: In a method of measuring a flatness of an object, a laser, which may have a wavelength reflectable from the object, may be converted into a laser array. The laser array may be irradiated to the object. The flatness of the object may be measured using a reflected laser array reflected from the object. Thus, the flatness of the object may be accurately measured to decrease process errors of a display device by correcting the flatness of the glass substrate.

Abstract: An optical inspection apparatus includes: a first filter having a plurality of passbands; a first beam splitter to reflect a first light that exits from the first filter to transfer the first light to an inspection target; a second beam splitter to split a second light, which is provided by reflecting the first light by the inspection target, into a first split light and a second split light; a second filter to receive the first split light, and having a passband different from the passbands of the first filter; a fluorescence microscope to generate a fluorescence image from a third light that exits from the second filter; and a first imaging module to generate a first image from the second split light.

Abstract: In a method of measuring a flatness of an object, a laser, which may have a wavelength reflectable from the object, may be converted into a laser array. The laser array may be irradiated to the object. The flatness of the object may be measured using a reflected laser array reflected from the object. Thus, the flatness of the object may be accurately measured to decrease process errors of a display device by correcting the flatness of the glass substrate.

Abstract: An optical inspection apparatus includes: a first filter having a plurality of passbands; a first beam splitter to reflect a first light that exits from the first filter to transfer the first light to an inspection target; a second beam splitter to split a second light, which is provided by reflecting the first light by the inspection target, into a first split light and a second split light; a second filter to receive the first split light, and having a passband different from the passbands of the first filter; a fluorescence microscope to generate a fluorescence image from a third light that exits from the second filter; and a first imaging module to generate a first image from the second split light.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes forming field generating electrodes on at least one of a lower display substrate and an upper display substrate, forming alignment layers on the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, forming a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules between the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, electric-field exposing the liquid crystal layer to pretilt the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, and measuring pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules after the electric-field exposing.

Abstract: An array substrate includes: a base substrate on which a pixel area is defined, where the pixel area includes a first area and a second area, which surrounds the first area; and a pixel electrode disposed in the pixel area. The pixel electrode includes a stem, a center of which is located in the first area, and a plurality of branches, each of which includes a first portion extending from the stem and disposed in the first area and a second portion extending from the first portion and disposed in the second area, and a width of the first portion is different from a width of the second portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes forming field generating electrodes on at least one of a lower display substrate and an upper display substrate, forming alignment layers on the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, forming a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules between the lower display substrate and the upper display substrate, electric-field exposing the liquid crystal layer to pretilt the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer, and measuring pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules after the electric-field exposing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first alignment base layer disposed thereon, a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second alignment base layer disposed thereon, and ferroelectric liquid crystals vertically aligned between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment controller combines with the first alignment base layer and includes a side chain longer than that of the first alignment base layer. The second alignment controller combines with the second alignment base layer and includes a side chain longer than that of the second alignment base layer. The ferroelectric liquid crystals are pre-tilted by the first alignment controller and the second alignment controller, and as a result, transmittance may be improved. Because the ferroelectric liquid crystals are pre-tilted, a cell gap may be decreased and high-speed driving may be possible at a low voltage.

Abstract: The present invention provides a panel capable of driving a liquid crystal in stable manner and improving response speed of the liquid crystal of a liquid crystal display, and the panel according to the present invention may include: a substrate; a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed facing each other on the substrate; and a branch electrode extending from at least one of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a display panel between top and bottom covers. The display panel has a display area to display an image. The display panel may be inserted in the bottom cover, which includes a bottom surface having a shape corresponding to a shape of the display panel. Lateral sides of the bottom cover extend upward from the bottom surface. The top cover supports edges of the display panel and includes a top surface having a display window to expose the display area. Lateral sides of the top cover extend toward the bottom cover from the top surface. A bonding film may be bonded to the top and bottom covers to fixedly couple the top cover to the bottom cover.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate; and a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode. The first sub-pixel electrode and the second sub-pixel electrode include a cross stem, and a plurality of minute branches extending from the cross stem. The second sub-pixel electrode includes two cross stems disposed adjacent in a column direction, and a center transverse stem disposed between the two cross stems. The center transverse stem includes a cutout.

Abstract: A display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate. The second substrate includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from each other. A cholesteric liquid crystal having a pitch shorter than a wavelength of a visible ray and a rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the first and second substrates is disposed between the first and second substrates. The display panel displays a grayscale image in response to an electric field generated between the first and second electrodes. A polymer is added to the cholesteric liquid crystal, and a concentration of the polymer is controlled by exposing the polymer to a light. The concentration of the polymer in an area adjacent to the first substrate may be higher than the concentration of the polymer in an area adjacent to the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a first substrate; and a pixel electrode disposed on the first substrate. The pixel electrode includes a first sub-pixel electrode and a second sub-pixel electrode. The first sub-pixel electrode and the second sub-pixel electrode include a cross stem, and a plurality of minute branches extending from the cross stem. The second sub-pixel electrode includes two cross stems disposed adjacent in a column direction, and a center transverse stem disposed between the two cross stems. The center transverse stem includes a cutout.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate having a first alignment base layer disposed thereon, a second substrate facing the first substrate and having a second alignment base layer disposed thereon, and ferroelectric liquid crystals vertically aligned between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first alignment controller combines with the first alignment base layer and includes a side chain longer than that of the first alignment base layer. The second alignment controller combines with the second alignment base layer and includes a side chain longer than that of the second alignment base layer. The ferroelectric liquid crystals are pre-tilted by the first alignment controller and the second alignment controller, and as a result, transmittance may be improved. Because the ferroelectric liquid crystals are pre-tilted, a cell gap may be decreased and high-speed driving may be possible at a low voltage.

Abstract: A method of modifying a surface of the nozzle of a liquid dispenser used to dispense liquid for manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes primarily modifying the surface of the nozzle by performing one of oxygen (O2) or ozone (O3) plasma treatment with respect to the surface of the nozzle, secondarily modifying the primarily modified surface of the nozzle by treating the primarily modified surface with aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and tertiary modifying the secondarily modified surface of the nozzle by allowing an epoxy resin to react with the secondarily modified surface of the nozzle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a panel capable of driving a liquid crystal in stable manner and improving response speed of the liquid crystal of a liquid crystal display, and the panel according to the present invention may include: a substrate; a first pixel electrode and a second pixel electrode disposed facing each other on the substrate; and a branch electrode extending from at least one of the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A display apparatus may include a display panel between top and bottom covers. The display panel has a display area to display an image. The display panel may be inserted in the bottom cover, which includes a bottom surface having a shape corresponding to a shape of the display panel. Lateral sides of the bottom cover extend upward from the bottom surface. The top cover supports edges of the display panel and includes a top surface having a display window to expose the display area. Lateral sides of the top cover extend toward the bottom cover from the top surface. A bonding film may be bonded to the top and bottom covers to fixedly couple the top cover to the bottom cover.