Abstract: A method of a terminal may comprise: receiving, from a CU of a base station, configuration information of one or more candidate cells and configuration information for measurement; performing L1 measurement on the candidate cells based on the configuration information for measurement; acquiring uplink synchronization for the candidate cells by performing an uplink synchronization management procedure for the candidate cells based on the configuration information of the candidate cells; reporting a result of the L1 measurement to a DU of the base station; receiving, from the DU of the base station, information on a target cell, being the target cell to switch among the candidate cells, based on the result of the L1 measurement; and applying the uplink synchronization acquired through the uplink synchronization management procedure to the target cell.

Abstract: Disclosed is a technique for switching from a master node to a secondary node in a communication system. A method of a first communication node may comprise: adding the first communication node as a primary secondary cell (PSCell) to a second communication node through dual connectivity (DC); generating a first user plane path for smart dynamic switching (SDS) and a first instance for supporting the first user plane path according to a request from the second communication node; transmitting information on the first user plane path and the first instance to a terminal; receiving user data based on the first user plane path from the terminal as the first instance; and transmitting the user data to a core network using the first user plane path.

Abstract: A method of a terminal may comprise: receiving a first message including state information of a base station from the base station; identifying preliminary inactive state information included in the first message when the state information of the base station indicates a preliminary inactive state; and performing a cell selection based on the preliminary inactive state information.

Abstract: A coil component includes a body having a first surface, and a first end surface and a second end surface connected to the first surface and opposing each other in a length direction; a support substrate disposed inside the body; a coil portion comprising a first coil pattern and first and second lead-out patterns, each disposed on a first surface of the support substrate; first and second slit portions, respectively defined on edge portions of the first surface of the body to expose the first and second lead-out patterns; and first and second external electrodes disposed on the first and second slit portions to be connected to the first and second lead-out patterns. At least one of the first and second lead-out patterns has a thickness greater than a thickness of each of the first coil pattern and the first dummy lead-out pattern.

Abstract: A coil component is provided. The coil component includes a body having fifth and sixth surfaces opposing each other, first and second surfaces respectively connecting the fifth and sixth surfaces of the body and opposing each other, and third and fourth surfaces respectively connecting the first and second surfaces of the body and opposing each other in one direction, a recess disposed in an edge between one of the first and second surfaces of the body and the sixth surface of the body, a coil portion disposed inside the body and exposed through the recess, and an external electrode including a connection portion disposed in the recess and connected to the coil portion, and a pad portion disposed on one surface of the body. A length of the pad portion in the one direction is greater than a length of the connection portion in the one direction.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an optical sensor, the optical sensor comprising a lighting device configured to emit light, a sensor layer including an array of sensors configured to detect first image information corresponding to an object from light reflected by the object, and a filter layer including openings configured to transmit the light reflected by the object, the filter layer disposed on the sensor layer, wherein the first image information is different from an image of the object identified with naked eyes. The electronic device may be diversified according to embodiments.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an optical sensor, the optical sensor comprising a lighting device configured to emit light, a sensor layer including an array of sensors configured to detect first image information corresponding to an object from light reflected by the object, and a filter layer including openings configured to transmit the light reflected by the object, the filter layer disposed on the sensor layer, wherein the first image information is different from an image of the object identified with naked eyes. The electronic device may be diversified according to embodiments.

Abstract: This specification provides a method for deciding a communication protocol between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver. To this end, a method for deciding a communication protocol by the wireless power receiver for data transmission or reception with the wireless power transmitter includes transmitting first communication protocol information indicating communication protocols supportable by the wireless power receiver itself to the wireless power transmitter, and deciding a communication protocol for the data transmission or data reception based on second communication protocol information, which indicates communication protocols selected based on the first communication protocol information, when the second communication protocol information is received from the wireless power transmitter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing ethanol from xylose using a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain transformed to express a xylose reductase that uses NADH as a cofactor and a xylitol dehydrogenase that uses NAD+ as a cofactor, which are coupled with each other. The method provides an increase in ethanol yield and production efficiency, as compared to a control group, and enables production of ethanol at higher yield and high production efficiency by further eliminating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase which mediates production of acetic acid (by-product).

Abstract: This specification provides a method for deciding a communication protocol between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver. To this end, a method for deciding a communication protocol by the wireless power receiver for data transmission or reception with the wireless power transmitter includes transmitting first communication protocol information indicating communication protocols supportable by the wireless power receiver itself to the wireless power transmitter, and deciding a communication protocol for the data transmission or data reception based on second communication protocol information, which indicates communication protocols selected based on the first communication protocol information, when the second communication protocol information is received from the wireless power transmitter.

Abstract: A modified microorganism having enhanced xylose utilization, an expression vector for constructing the modified microorganism, and a method of producing a chemical using the same are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus of recording data on a recording medium includes an optical recording device and a microcomputer. The recording medium has a lead-in area, a lead-out area, and a data zone, where the data zone has a user data area and a spare area. When the microcomputer receives a command for physically overwriting first data in a first area within the user data area and determines that the first area is included in a pre-recorded area, it controls the recording device to record the first data in a first replacement area instead and to record a first entry in a TDMA, where the first entry specifies the locations of the first area and the first replacement area.

Abstract: A write-once optical disc and a method and apparatus for recording management information on the disc are provided. The method includes recording an opened SRR information on a recording medium, and removing an identification of a certain SRR from the opened SRR information once the certain SRR is closed. The opened SRR information carries an identification of any opened SRR, and the number of opened SRRs allowed is at most a predetermined number.

Abstract: The present invention provides an overwrite method of a write-once optical disc and apparatus thereof, by which a logical overwrite is enabled by varying an overwrite system according to a recording mode to enhance efficiency of disc use. The present invention includes the step of performing a replacement recording on a data area within the optical disc with overwrite-requested data in a specific recording-completed area within the optical disc in a sequential recording mode (SRM) wherein a logical overwrite is executed to maintain continuity of a user data area by the replacement recording. And, the present invention includes the step of performing a replacement recording on a spare area within the optical disc with overwrite-requested data in a specific recording-completed area within the optical disc in a random recording mode (RRM) wherein a size of the spare area for allocation is determined on disc initialization for the replacement recording.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing ethanol from zylose using a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain transformed to eliminate functions of genes involved in TOR signal transduction pathways. The method provides an increase in ethanol yield and production efficiency, as compared to a control group, and enables production of ethanol at higher yield and high production efficiency by further eliminating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase which mediates production of acetic acid (by-product).

Abstract: A recording medium, a data recording/reproducing method and a data recording/reproducing apparatus are disclosed. A recording medium comprises a data zone where user data are recorded; an inner zone located at an inner circumference of the data zone; and an outer zone located at an outer circumference of the data zone, wherein the data zone includes at least one spare area, and at least one of the inner zone and the outer zone includes at least one disc management area, the disc management area including: defect management information of the recording medium; general management information including information of the defect management information; and address information of the spare area that can be used as a defective replacement cluster, the general management information including address information per cluster of the disc management area where the defect management information is recorded.

Abstract: A write-once recording medium structure and an apparatus and method for recording final management information on the recording medium, are provided. The recording medium includes a temporary defect management area (TDMA) and a defect management area (DMA). The method includes transferring information recorded in the TDMA to the DMA of the recording medium and recording the transferred information in the DMA as final management information. The final management information includes at least one defect list and either space bit map information or sequential recording range information. The position information on one or all valid defect lists is recorded in the DMA.

Abstract: A recording medium, comprising a data area including a segment region and a replacement region; a first control data area storing access control information for controlling access to the segment region; and a second control data area storing defect control information for controlling a defective region of the recording medium, replacing a data of the defective region to the replacement region, wherein the replacement region corresponding to the defective region of the segment region is handled as the segment region to the access control information.

Abstract: A write once optical recording medium and a method and apparatus for storing and recovering defect management information to and from the write once optical recording medium are provided. The recording medium includes at least one recording layer, and a data area on the recording layer. The data area includes at least one spare area and a user data area. The spare area contains at least one replacement cluster, each of the replacement clusters storing therein address information of a corresponding defective cluster.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for recording and/or reproducing data to/from a recording medium are disclosed. The recording medium includes at least one physical access control (PAC) cluster, the at least one PAC cluster including information for managing recording to and/or reproducing from the recording medium, wherein each PAC cluster includes a PAC header, common to each PAC cluster, and a PAC specific information area, which includes information specific to each PAC cluster, wherein the PAC header includes a segment information identifying at least one segment area in a user data area of the recording medium by a position information of the each segment area.