Abstract: A semiconductor device may include a substrate, an active pattern extended in a first horizontal direction on the substrate, a plurality of nanosheets stacked and spaced apart from each other in a vertical direction on the active pattern, a gate electrode extended in a second horizontal direction different from the first horizontal direction on the active pattern, the gate electrode surrounding the plurality of nanosheets, a source/drain region on both sides of the plurality of nanosheets in the first horizontal direction on the active pattern, a gate insulating layer between the plurality of nanosheets and the gate electrode, and a doping layer between the plurality of nanosheets and the gate insulating layer, the doping layer including silicon (Si) or silicon germanium (SiGe) and doped with a doping material, at least a portion of the doping layer overlapping an uppermost nanosheet of the plurality of nanosheets in the first horizontal direction.

Abstract: A vertical type apparatus for firing a cathode material of a secondary battery is provided. The vertical type apparatus for firing the cathode material according to the present disclosure includes a plurality of saggers, each having an open upper portion, provided with a through-slit for gas flow in a lower surface thereof, and loaded with the cathode material therein, and a plurality of unit firing furnaces, each having an open upper portion, each plurally stacked in the vertical direction, each receiving the respective sagger.

Abstract: Provided is an air-mixing nozzle for a bidet. The air-mixing nozzle for a bidet includes: a cleaning tip and a bidet tip having air-mixing means disposed at ends of a cleaning cylinder and a bidet cylinder each having a cleaning water ejection port and a bidet water ejection port to mix air using a pressure difference generated during ejection of the cleaning water; and a drive member having a belt and a gear meshed with each other to reciprocate the cleaning cylinder and the bidet cylinder. Therefore, it is possible to prevent foreign substances from being stuck to the bidet, and reduce the number of components by operating the cleaning cylinder and the bidet cylinder using the single belt driven by the gear, thereby improving productivity thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a non-natural ceramide compound effective for a sphingosine kinase activator, and thus useful for a skin disease treating agent. The sphingosine kinase activator enhances production of sphingosine-1-phosphate to show various physiological activities provided by sphingosine-1-phosphate. The physiological activities include the effects of: controlling multiplication and differentiation of keratinocytes, multiplication of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis, resulting in treatment of wounds, recovery of damaged skin functions in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis; inhibiting wrinkles and skin irritation caused by ultraviolet rays, followed by improvement of wrinkles and inhibition of skin aging; and reducing skin atrophy, which is a typical side effect of local application steroids.

Abstract: An optical focusing system which uses a light beam emitted from a light source, includes a refractive surface on one side of the optical focusing system and having a first radius of curvature, a first reflection surface on the above one side, surrounding the refractive surface and having a second radius of curvature being different from the first radius of curvature, a transparent beam focusing surface on the other side of the optical focusing system, and a second reflection surface on the above other side and surrounding the beam focusing surface. The refractive surface refracts an incident light beam, the second reflection surface reflects a light beam refracted by the refractive surface toward the first reflection surface, and the first reflection surface focuses a laser light beam reflected from the second reflection surface on the beam focusing surface as a focused beam spot. The optical focusing system can be used in an optical pickup.