Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a concentration of a component includes a sensor including a plurality of light sources having different central wavelengths and at least one detector configured to detect light, and a processor configured to determine a first reflectance of skin using a first light source of the plurality of light sources, set an operating condition of the sensor based on the determined first reflectance, drive the plurality of light sources according to the operating condition, and estimate a concentration of an analyte component based on a plurality of light quantities detected from skin by the at least one detector.

Abstract: A fuel cell apparatus of the disclosure includes a case having defined therein a first accommodation space and a second accommodation space, which are isolated from each other by a partition wall, a first cover covering the first accommodation space in the case, a second cover covering the second accommodation space in the case, a power distribution unit disposed in the first accommodation space, and a power conversion unit disposed in the second accommodation space.

Abstract: An electronic device may include an optical sensor configured to emit a reference light to a reference object and detect the reference light reflected from the reference object during calibration, and emit a measurement light to a target object and detect the measurement light reflected from the target object during a measurement; and a processor configured to perform the calibration of the optical sensor while the electronic device is disposed to oppose or in contact with the reference object by controlling the optical sensor to emit and detect the reference light, and estimate bio-information based on a light quantity of the measurement light that is reflected from the target object by the optical sensor, and a light quantity of the reference light reflected from the reference object.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides autotaxin (ATX) inhibitor compounds and compositions including said compounds. The present disclosure also provides methods of using said compounds and compositions for inhibiting ATX. Also provided are methods of preparing said compounds and compositions, and synthetic precursors of said compounds.

Abstract: A method for pre-lithiation of a negative electrode is disclosed, including the steps of: producing a lithium metal laminate which includes i) lithium metal foil; and ii) a buffer layer including carbonaceous material particles, inorganic compound particles, polymer compound particles or their combination, and coated on one surface of the lithium metal foil; producing a negative electrode including a negative electrode current collector, and a negative electrode active material layer formed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector; and laminating the lithium metal laminate with the negative electrode in such a manner that the buffer layer of the lithium metal laminate is in contact with the negative electrode active material layer. A lithium metal laminate used for the method is also provided. The pre-lithiation of a negative electrode that includes a buffer layer reduces the problem of rapid volumetric swelling occurring.

Abstract: A positive electrode active material including a first lithium composite oxide particle including a secondary particle formed by aggregation of one or more primary particles, and a coating oxide occupying at least a part of at least one of surfaces of the secondary particle, grain boundaries between the primary particles, or surfaces of the primary particles, the positive electrode active material satisfying an equation of 1.3?a/b?3.0, wherein a represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=44.75° to 44.80° and b represents a max peak intensity at 2theta=45.3° to 45.6° in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis using Cu K? radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a system and method for automatically evaluating an essay. The system includes a structure analysis module configured to divide learning data and learner essay text in a predetermined structure analysis unit, generate structure tagging information for each structure analysis unit, and structure the learning data and the learner essay text by attaching the structure tagging information to the learning data and the learner essay text, a learning module configured to generate an essay evaluation model through learning by using essay text that is included in the structured learning data and the structure tagging information as an input value and using an evaluation score that is included in the structured learning data as a label, and an evaluation module configured to generate essay evaluation results using the essay evaluation model.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may comprise: a plurality of lower electrodes which are on a substrate; a first electrode support which is between adjacent lower electrodes and comprises a metallic material; a dielectric layer which is on the lower electrodes and the first electrode support to extend along profiles of the first electrode support and each of the lower electrodes; and an upper electrode which is on the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery. The positive electrode material includes a positive electrode active material formed of Li—[Mn—Ti]-M-O-based material including a transition metal (M) to enable reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium and molybdenum oxide. The positive electrode active material is coated with the molybdenum oxide to form a coating layer on a surface thereof.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure provide a semiconductor device, for example comprising a finger print sensor, and a method for manufacturing thereof. Various aspects of the present disclosure may, for example, provide an ultra-slim finger print sensor having a thickness of 500 ?m or less that does not include a separate printed circuit board (PCB), and a method for manufacturing thereof.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery has improved electron conductivity and surface stability because oxidation-treated carbon nanotubes are stably attached to the surface of an active material. According to one embodiment the positive electrode material includes a positive electrode active material core made of a Li—Ni—Co—Mn-M-O-based material (M=transition metal) and an oxidized carbon nanotube coating layer formed on the surface of the positive electrode active material core and including 1% to 3% by weight of oxidation-treated carbon nanotubes (OCNT) relative to 100% by weight of the positive electrode active material core.

Abstract: A positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The positive electrode material may have carbon nanotubes stably attached to a surface of an active material and may exhibit increased electron conductivity and improved surface stability. The positive electrode material for a lithium secondary battery may comprises: a positive electrode active material core comprising a Li—Ni—Co—Mn-M-O-based material, where M is a transition metal; and a carbon nanotube coating layer on a surface of the positive electrode active material core. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) may be in an amount of 1-5 wt %, based on 100 wt % of the positive electrode active material core.

Abstract: A power provider includes: first, second, and third inductors; a first transistor connected to the second inductor; a second transistor connected to the third inductor; and a power integrated chip (IC) including input terminals connected to the first, second, and third inductors, and an output terminal connected to a power line. The power provider may supply the power voltage using the first inductor and the power IC when power current is less than a first reference value, supply the power voltage using the second inductor, the first transistor, and the power IC when the power current is greater than the first reference value and less than a second reference value, and supply the power voltage using the second and third inductors, the first and second transistors, and the power IC when the power current is greater than the second reference value.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating bio-information includes: a sensor including one or more light sources configured to emit light to an object and a plurality of detectors configured to detect light reflected from the object; and a processor configured to transform a plurality of light quantities obtained from respective detectors of the plurality of detectors to a distance domain, to combine the plurality of transformed light quantities in the distance domain, to correct the combined light quantity based on a reference light quantity for correcting a deviation of a distance between the one or more light sources and the plurality of detectors, and to estimate bio-information based on a light quantity resulting from the correction.

Abstract: A method of preparing a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery, which includes forming a negative electrode mixture layer including a negative electrode active material on a negative electrode current collector, disposing lithium metal powder on at least a part of the negative electrode mixture layer, pressing the negative electrode mixture layer on which the lithium metal powder is disposed, wetting the pressed negative electrode mixture layer with a first electrolyte solution, and drying the wet negative electrode mixture layer. A battery including the negative electrode of the present invention has enhanced rapid charge/discharge characteristics and enhanced lifespan characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing an alkali metal ion conductive chalcogenide-based solid electrolyte, a solid electrolyte prepared thereby, and an all-solid-state battery comprising the same.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter includes a first switching element, a second switching element, a first amplifier, a second amplifier, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller, an output inductor and a power compensator. The second switching element is connected to the first switching element. The first amplifier outputs a first switching control signal to control the first switching element. The second amplifier outputs a second switching control signal to control the second switching element. The PWM controller generates a control signal applied to input terminals of the first amplifier and the second amplifier. The output inductor includes a first terminal connected to the first switching element and the second switching element and a second terminal outputting the pixel power supply voltage. The power compensator receives an input voltage and adjusts a power supply voltage applied to a power supply terminal of the first amplifier.

Abstract: A fuel cell vehicle includes a cell stack, a DC level converter, an output unit, a first switching unit disposed between a positive output terminal of the DC level converter and a positive input terminal of the output unit, a second switching unit disposed between a negative output terminal of the DC level converter and a negative input terminal of the output unit, a resistor and a third switching unit connected to each other in series between the positive output terminal of the DC level converter and the negative output terminal of the DC level converter, a fourth switching unit disposed between a contact point between the resistor and the third switching unit and the positive input terminal of the output unit, and a controller for controlling switching operation of the first, second, third and fourth switching units according to an operation mode.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for treating or ameliorating metabolic diseases, cholestatic liver diseases, or organ fibrosis, which comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising an isoxazole derivative, a racemate, an enantiomer, or a diastereoisomer thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the derivative, the racemate, the enantiomer, or the diastereoisomer.