Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head using piezoelectric elements and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. A head (1) has a nozzle member (10) in which a plurality of nozzles (12) are formed, a pressure chamber wall member (14) in which a plurality of pressure chambers (15) are formed, and piezoelectric type actuators that have a diaphragm (18) and a plurality of piezo elements (19) and apply pressure to each of the plurality of pressure chambers for ejecting ink from the nozzles. A rigid coating member (23, 25) is provided on inner surfaces of the pressure chamber walls or on parts of the diaphragm in contact with the pressure chamber wall member, thus increasing the rigidity of the pressure chamber walls.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to enable suppression of a leak current of an organic EL element while improving a conductivity of the organic EL element and suppressing an operation voltage thereof. An organic EL element is used which comprises at least a luminescent layer, a hole transport layer adjacent to a positive-electrode side of the luminescent layer, and an electron injection transport layer adjacent to a negative-electrode side of the luminescent layer, wherein a hole injection layer is provided between the hole transport layer and the positive electrode, and the conductivity of the hole injection layer continuously changes along a thickness direction of the hole injection layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus which comprises: a substrate; a first electrode group made up of a plurality of electrode patterns which are arranged adjacent to one another on said substrate, and extend in a first extending direction; a second electrode group made up of a plurality of electrode patterns which are arranged adjacent to one another on said substrate, and extend in a second extending direction which is different from said first extending direction; and a plurality of display elements which are each formed in correspondence to the intersection point of one electrode pattern among said first electrode group and one electrode pattern among said second electrode group, wherein at least said first electrode group includes a plurality of electrode patterns which are each connected to a drive circuit at one end, and are different in length from said one end to the other end, each of said plurality of electrode patterns has a lamination structure which has a first conductor having a first sheet resistivity, and a s

Abstract: A light emitting device, including a substrate, and multiple drive electrodes formed on the substrate and used to obtain desired light emission, the multiple drive electrode forming a passive-matrix-driven electrode arrangement, wherein at least one drive electrode in a display region of the substrate forms an angle, that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to a given side of the display region.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head having a diaphragm that effectively utilizes the force generated by thin-film piezoelectric elements is disclosed. The head (2) has a head substrate (28) in which are formed a plurality of nozzles (39) and a plurality of pressure chambers (29), a multi-layer diaphragm (23-1, 23-2), piezoelectric elements (27), and individual electrodes (26). By making the thickness of the common electrode layer (23-1) of the multi-layer diaphragm be thin but such that problems do not occur during multi-pin driving, optimization of the rigid layer becomes possible, and hence it is possible to use the force generated by the thin-film piezoelectric elements efficiently in ink ejection.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a substrate 22; an organic EL device including an electrode 24 which is formed on the substrate 22, an organic EL layer 26 which is formed on the electrode 24, and an electrode 30 which is formed on the organic EL layer 26; an inorganic insulating film 34 which is formed on the organic EL device, sealing the organic EL layer; and a substrate 38 which is formed on the inorganic insulating film 34, wherein the material and the thickness of the substrate 22 and the substrate 38 are set such that the neutral axis when a bending stress is applied is located in the vicinity of the interface between the inorganic insulating film 34 and the substrate 38. By configuring such a display apparatus, occurrence of cracks in the inorganic insulating film is prevented, and the organic EL device can be effectively protected against moisture and oxygen. As a result, the reliability of the display apparatus can be improved.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head having a diaphragm that effectively utilizes the force generated by thin-film piezoelectric elements is disclosed. The head (2) has a head substrate (28) in which are formed a plurality of nozzles (39) and a plurality of pressure chambers (29), a multi-layer diaphragm (23-1, 23-2), piezoelectric elements (27), and individual electrodes (26). By making the thickness of the common electrode layer (23-1) of the multi-layer diaphragm be thin but such that problems do not occur during multi-pin driving, optimization of the rigid layer becomes possible, and hence it is possible to use the force generated by the thin-film piezoelectric elements efficiently in ink ejection.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head formed through semiconductor processes. The multi-nozzle head has a head substrate in which are formed a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of pressure chambers, a diaphragm that acts as a common electrode and covers the plurality of pressure chambers, piezoelectric body layers that are provided in correspondence with the pressure chambers on the diaphragm, and individual electrode layers that are provided on the piezoelectric body layers and have individual electrode parts corresponding to the pressure chambers and wiring parts for the individual electrode parts. By interposing a low-dielectric-constant layer or an insulating layer in the region of the wiring parts, or not disposing the common electrode in the region of the wiring parts, the electrical capacitance of the driving parts is reduced, and hence a driving lag is prevented from occurring, and moreover unwanted vibration of the piezoelectric bodies is prevented.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device in which a wiring layer, an insulating layer 3, first electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer 5, and second electrodes 6 are laminated on a substrate 1, wherein the wiring layer sandwiched between a row of the first electrodes 4 and the substrate 1 comprises a plurality of feed wirings 2 extending in the row direction, and at least one first electrode 4 is connected to each feed wiring 2.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescent display device comprising a wiring layer, an insulating layer, a first electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a second electrode, wiring which conducts with a second electrode is arranged between light emitting pixels, and is provided either between an organic electroluminescent layer and the second electrodes, or on top of the second electrodes.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a multi-nozzle ink jet head having a plurality of nozzles, cross talk between adjacent elements is suppressed. The head has the nozzles (12), pressure chambers (15), and bimorph drivers. The bimorph drivers have piezos (19) formed on a diaphragm (18). The diaphragm (18) has linear parts (18-1) that convert the generated force from the piezos (19) into displacement, and non-linear parts (18-2) that are provided between the linear parts (18-1) and diaphragm fixing parts. Due to the non-linear parts (18-2), transmission of strain energy to the fixing parts is suppressed, and hence cross talk is suppressed.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus and a display apparatus therewith are disclosed. The lighting apparatus includes a first light-transmitting electrode layer, a second light-transmitting electrode layer, and a luminous layer that is sandwiched by the first and the second light-transmitting electrode layers. At least one of the first and the second light-transmitting electrode layers includes at least a first conductive member and a second conductive member. Layout patterns of the first and the second conductive members are different from each other.

Abstract: A plurality of pixel areas are defined on the surface of a substrate. A partition wall is disposed on the surface of the substrate in an area between adjacent pixel areas. The partition wall comprises a lower portion made of inorganic insulating material and an upper portion made of insulating material having etching characteristics different from the etching characteristics of the lower portion and disposed on the lower portion. The upper portion protrudes from the side walls of the lower portion toward the pixel areas. Lower electrodes are formed on the pixel areas. Organic layers are disposed on the lower electrodes and contains organic luminescence material which emits light upon current injection. Upper electrodes are disposed on the organic layers.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head formed through semiconductor processes. The multi-nozzle head has a head substrate in which are formed a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of pressure chambers, a diaphragm that acts as a common electrode and covers the plurality of pressure chambers, piezoelectric body layers that are provided in correspondence with the pressure chambers on the diaphragm, and individual electrode layers that are provided on the piezoelectric body layers and have individual electrode parts corresponding to the pressure chambers and wiring parts for the individual electrode parts. By interposing a low-dielectric-constant layer or an insulating layer in the region of the wiring parts, or not disposing the common electrode in the region of the wiring parts, the electrical capacitance of the driving parts is reduced, and hence a driving lag is prevented from occurring, and moreover unwanted vibration of the piezoelectric bodies is prevented.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head formed by semiconductor processes is disclosed. The multi-nozzle head has a nozzle plate (38) in which are formed a plurality of nozzles (39), an FPC (42) in which are formed a plurality of ink chambers (29), and energy generating layers (23, 26, 27), and wiring patterns (42A, 42B) for the energy generating layers are provided on the FPC (42), thus making connection to external circuitry easy.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head formed through semiconductor processes. The multi-nozzle head has a head substrate in which are formed a plurality of nozzles and a plurality of pressure chambers, a diaphragm that acts as a common electrode and covers the plurality of pressure chambers, piezoelectric body layers that are provided in correspondence with the pressure chambers on the diaphragm, and individual electrode layers that are provided on the piezoelectric body layers and have individual electrode parts corresponding to the pressure chambers and wiring parts for the individual electrode parts. By interposing a low-dielectric-constant layer or an insulating layer in the region of the wiring parts, or not disposing the common electrode in the region of the wiring parts, the electrical capacitance of the driving parts is reduced, and hence a driving lag is prevented from occurring, and moreover unwanted vibration of the piezoelectric bodies is prevented.

Abstract: A printer having a plurality of nozzles each for discharging ink supplied from an ink supply part (50) comprises a head main body (3) including a plurality of pressure chambers each provided for each of the nozzles and filled up with ink, a plurality of pressurizers each provided for each of the pressure chambers for pressurizing the pressure chamber to discharge the ink in the pressure chamber through the nozzle and ink supply passages for supplying the ink from the ink supply part (50) to the plurality of pressure chambers, and a joint section (8) protruded from the head main body (3) for joining the ink supply part (50) to the head main body (3).

Abstract: A plurality of pixel areas are defined on the surface of a substrate. A partition wall is disposed on the surface of the substrate in an area between adjacent pixel areas. The partition wall comprises a lower portion made of inorganic insulating material and an upper portion made of insulating material having etching characteristics different from the etching characteristics of the lower portion and disposed on the lower portion. The upper portion protrudes from the side walls of the lower portion toward the pixel areas. Lower electrodes are formed on the pixel areas. Organic layers are disposed on the lower electrodes and contains organic luminescence material which emits light upon current injection. Upper electrodes are disposed on the organic layers.

Abstract: A multi-nozzle ink jet head having a diaphragm that effectively utilizes the force generated by thin-film piezoelectric elements is disclosed. The head (2) has a head substrate (28) in which are formed a plurality of nozzles (39) and a plurality of pressure chambers (29), a multi-layer diaphragm (23-1, 23-2), piezoelectric elements (27), and individual electrodes (26). By making the thickness of the common electrode layer (23-1) of the multi-layer diaphragm be thin but such that problems do not occur during multi-pin driving, optimization of the rigid layer becomes possible, and hence it is possible to use the force generated by the thin-film piezoelectric elements efficiently in ink ejection.

Abstract: A vapor deposition mask with high pattern accuracy particularly at vapor deposition openings is realized without changing the substrate structure. The vapor deposition mask includes a plate member, a first concave pattern provided at a first surface of the plate member, a second concave pattern provided at a second surface of the plate member on the opposite side of the plate member, and a through hole pattern provided at meeting or intersecting portions of the first concave pattern and the second concave pattern. The shape of the through hole pattern is arranged to be different from both that of the first concave pattern and that of the second concave pattern.