Abstract: A dust box includes: an attachment portion configured to be attached to a dust-discharging nozzle extending from a housing of an electric tool; and a dust-collecting portion connected to the attachment portion and configured to store dust particles to be discharged from the nozzle. The dust-collecting portion mainly consists of a box which is made of synthetic resin and configured to be detachably connected to the attachment portion, and a paper bag received in the box and configured to store the dust particles to be discharged from the nozzle.

Abstract: A neural network type of apparatus is provided to detect an internal state of a secondary battery implemented in a battery system. The apparatus comprises a detecting unit, producing unit and estimating unit. The detecting unit detects electric signals indicating an operating state of the battery. The producing unit produces, using the electric signals, an input parameter required for estimating the internal state of the battery. The input parameter reflects calibration of a present charged state of the battery which is attributable to at least one of a present degraded state of the battery and a difference in types of the battery. The estimating unit estimates an output parameter indicating the charged state of the battery by applying the input parameter to neural network calculation.

Abstract: A ground pattern includes a plurality of integrally formed first to third ground lines. A plurality of first ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals. A plurality of second ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals between adjacent ones of the first ground lines. A plurality of third ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals between adjacent ones of the first ground lines at a predetermined angle with respect to the second ground lines. The third ground lines each connect one end of one adjacent second ground line with the other end of another adjacent second ground line. The ground lines form triangular openings.

Abstract: There is provided a control apparatus that controls a motor of an electric power steering system to assist a steering effort of an operator. The control apparatus includes a sensor, a parameter computer, a difference computer, a target torque computer, and a motor driver. The parameter computer computes a current value of one of physical parameters of one of constituents of the electric power steering system based on a steering parameter determined by the sensor referring to an equation of motion. The difference computer computes a difference between the current value of the one of the physical parameters computed by the parameter computer and a predetermined value of the one of the physical parameters. The target torque computer computes a target torque of the motor which compensates for the difference between the current value and the predetermined value of the one of the physical parameters.

Abstract: In a steering system having a variable gear transmission system and an electrical power steering system, respective compensation amounts for first and second electric motors are produced by a first mathematical model. The compensation amounts are added to command values (v1, v2) to generate final command signals (igref, ipref) to the respective electric motors. According to the above structure and operation, a mutual interference between two control systems can be suppressed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of neural network type are provided to detect an internal state of a secondary battery implemented in a battery system. Electric signals indicating an operating state of the battery is detected and, using the electric signals, information indicating the internal state of the battery is calculated on the basis of neural network calculation, in which the information reflects a reduction in an effect of polarization of the secondary battery. Using the electric signals, input parameters required for calculating the internal state of the battery is calculated. The input parameters may include, as one input parameter, a polarization-related quantity to correct the effect of the polarization in an output parameter (such as SOC and/or SOH) from the neural network. Further, the input parameters may include, as one input parameter, a functional value already subjected to the correction for correcting the effect of the polarization.

Abstract: A ground pattern includes a plurality of integrally formed first to third ground lines. A plurality of first ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals. A plurality of second ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals between adjacent ones of the first ground lines. A plurality of third ground lines are arranged parallel to one another at equal intervals between adjacent ones of the first ground lines at a predetermined angle with respect to the second ground lines. The third ground lines each connect one end of one adjacent second ground line with the other end of another adjacent second ground line. The ground lines form triangular openings.

Abstract: A neural network type of apparatus is provided to detect an internal state of a secondary battery implemented in a battery system. The apparatus comprises a detecting unit, producing unit and estimating unit. The detecting unit detects electric signals indicating an operating state of the battery. The producing unit produces, using the electric signals, an input parameter required for estimating the internal state of the battery. The input parameter reflects calibration of a present charged state of the battery which is attributable to at least one of a present degraded state of the battery and a difference in types of the battery. The estimating unit estimates an output parameter indicating the charged state of the battery by applying the input parameter to neural network calculation.

Abstract: An internal condition detection system detects a charging and discharging current and a terminal voltage of a charge accumulating device, and learns the internal condition quantity of the charge accumulating device through a neural network based on the current values and the terminal voltage values. The current values and the terminal voltage values are stored in a buffer and supplied as time-series data so that historical information is included. Further the neural network is fed with type information of the charge accumulating device. The type information is stored in a memory.

Abstract: A method for producing fresh pasta products having reduced sourness comprising the steps of: (i) preparing dough by mixing raw materials with water, (ii) preparing pasta threads by extruding the dough; (iii) gelatinizing the pasta threads by sting and/or boiling the pasta (iv) acidifying the gelatinized pasta threads with acid(s) solution; and (v) packing hermetically the acidified pasta threads into food containers and pasteurizing there; wherein the raw flour in the raw materials are those selected to have an ash content of 0.45 wt % or less.

Abstract: A light-shielding layer including a light-shielding material containing a grafted carbon material, light-shielding material being electrodeposited to form the light-shielding layer, a method for producing a light-shielding layer including a step of electrodepositing a coating material containing a grafted carbon material on a electrode, and a method for producing a substrate having a light-shielding layer including the steps of (1) forming a photosensitive coating film on a transparent electrically conductive layer formed on a transparent substrate, (2) exposing a predetermined area of the photosensitive coating film to light, (3) removing and developing the photosensitive coating film for exposing the transparent electrically conductive layer, and electrodepositing a coating material containing a grafted carbon material on the exposed transparent electrically conductive layer for forming the light-shielding layer, and (4) heating said substrate thus obtained.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbonaceous material including the step of contacting a carbon material with a polymer having in the molecule thereof one or more reactive group(s) selected from aziridine group, oxazoline group, N-hydroxyalkylamido group, epoxy group, thioepoxy group, isocyanato group, hydroxyl group, amino group, vinyl group, acryl group or methacryl group, and an alkoxycarbonyl group represented by the formula (I)R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 C--O--CO-- (I)wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different groups and denote a hydrogen atom, or a specific organic residue.