Abstract: A development device includes a developer carrier, a supply compartment having a downstream end portion positioned outside the development area in the axial direction of the developer carrier, a collection compartment disposed lower than the supply compartment, first and second communication ports respectively formed in the downstream end portion and an upstream end portion of the supply compartment, a developer circulation unit including first and second developer conveyance members respectively provided in the supply compartment and the collection compartment, a toner supply port formed in an upper portion of the downstream end portion of the supply compartment, and an airflow path limiter provided in the downstream end portion of the supply compartment, closer to the development area than the toner supply port in the axial direction of the developer carrier, to restrict an airflow path above the developer in the downstream end portion of the supply compartment.

Abstract: A process cartridge installed in a body of an image forming apparatus includes an image bearer, a development device that includes a developer bearer, a rotary developer conveyance member, and a shaft projecting from a development casing in an axial direction, a gear train including an idler gear provided to the shaft projecting from the development casing, a first side plate, and a hollow shaft projecting in the axial direction from the first side plate. The first side plate includes an image bearer positioning portion and a developer bearer positioning portion to support axial end portions of the developer bearer and the image bearer, the shaft projecting from the development casing is inserted into a recess inside the hollow shaft, and the hollow shaft is inserted into a hollow shaft positioning hole formed in the body.

Abstract: A development device includes a development casing, a developer bearer, a first developer conveyance member to supply developer to the developer bearer, a second developer conveyance member to transport developer axially, and a partition dividing an interior of the development casing into a supply channel and a collecting channel via which developer received from a downstream end portion of the supply channel is forwarded to an upstream end portion of the supply channel. The supply channel includes a conveyance area and a buffer area disposed adjacent to the conveyance area in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction to temporarily retain developer and midway in the developer conveyance direction inside the supply channel, and an upstream end face defining an upstream end of the buffer area is inclined relative to the axial direction to draw away from the conveyance area downstream in the developer conveyance direction.

Abstract: Providing a new method of treating inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders and a food product for the prevention or improvement of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders. Prevention or treatment of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders is possible by oral administration of recombinant IL-10 expressed in rice plant seeds.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer container internally divided by a partition into a supply path and a recovery path, a developer bearing member, a supply conveyance member to apply force to convey developer to a developer retaining space through the supply path, the developer retaining space retaining the developer to be conveyed by the developer bearing member, a recovery conveyance member, a communication pathway provided between the supply path and the developer retaining space, the communication pathway passing the developer from the supply path to the developer retaining space, and a developer softening member to soften the developer that is present above the partition, provided at least one of at a position in the communication pathway and at a position close to the communication pathway.

Abstract: A development device to develop a latent image with two-component developer includes a developer carrier disposed facing the image carrier, to carry the developer, a magnetic field generator disposed inside the developer carrier, to form multiple magnetic poles around the developer carrier, an interior wall dividing the interior of the development device into a first transport chamber and a second transport chamber parallel to the first transport chamber, a first transport member disposed in the first transport chamber, facing the developer carrier, to supply the developer to the developer carrier while transporting the developer longitudinally, a second transport member disposed in the second transport chamber, facing the developer carrier, to transport the developer separated from the developer carrier longitudinally, a partition disposed between the developer carrier and the second transport member to prevent resupply of the used developer in the second transport chamber from to the developer carrier.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer container for containing developer, a developer bearer to carry by rotation the developer contained in the developer container to a development range facing a latent image bearer, a partition dividing the developer container into an upper compartment and a lower compartment arranged vertically, an upper developer conveyance member disposed in the upper compartment, a lower developer conveyance member disposed in the lower compartment, a communication portion through which the developer moves from the lower compartment to the upper compartment, disposed in a downstream end portion of the lower compartment in a direction in which the lower developer conveyance member transports the developer, and a toner concentration detector to detect a concentration of toner in the developer beneath the communication portion inside the lower compartment.

Abstract: A semiconductor relay includes two MOSFETs; a light emitting element; a light-receiving drive element for switching on and off the two MOSFETs; two output and two input conductor plates electrically connected to the two MOSFETs and the light emitting element, respectively; and an encapsulating resin encapsulating the two MOSFETs, the light emitting element, the light-receiving drive element, the two output and the two input conductor plates. The two output and two input conductor plates includes terminal portions which protrude outside the encapsulating resin and are mounted on a common printed circuit board. Further, the two output conductor plates includes mount portions on which the two MOSFETs are mounted or on which drain electrodes of the two MOSFETs are connected, and the mount portions are encapsulated by the encapsulating resin in such an orientation that a thickness direction of the mount portions intersects that of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: A developing device, process cartridge method, and image forming apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image on an image carrier, the developing device including a first carrying member that supplies a developer to a developer carrier at the position of a developer attracting fourth magnetic pole while longitudinally carrying the developer, and a second carrying member that carries the developer released from the developer carrier at the position of a developer releasing third magnetic pole. The developer carrier has two magnetic poles (second and fourth magnetic poles) of the same polarity sandwiching the developer releasing third magnetic pole. Moreover, the developer releasing third magnetic pole is formed by the two magnetic poles (second and fourth magnetic poles) so that the polarity of the developer releasing third magnetic pole differs from the polarity of the two magnetic poles (second and fourth magnetic poles).

Abstract: Extraction and purification of recombinant proteins rendered difficult to extract from transgenic plants by using an extraction solution containing reducing agents and surfactants or an extraction solution containing reducing agents and organic solvents.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image carrier, an image forming member, a transferer, a toner image detector, and a controller. The transferer transfers the toner image from the image carrier directly or indirectly onto a recording medium transported by a surface moving member. The toner image detector detects a test toner image formed in a test toner image detection area located at an end portion of the surface moving member. The controller checks a length of the recording medium in a main scanning direction during continuous image formation, and forms the test toner image either in a space between recording media when the length of the recording medium exceeds a length of the surface moving member minus a length of the test toner image detection area in the main scanning direction or otherwise in parallel to the toner image transferred onto the recording medium.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer bearer to carry by rotation two-component developer to a development range to develop a latent image formed on a latent image bearer, a magnetic field generator disposed inside the developer bearer, a developer regulator for adjusting an amount of the developer on the developer bearer, positioned upstream from the development range in a rotational direction of the developer bearer and facing the developer bearer across a regulation gap, a supply compartment from which the developer is supplied by a developer agitator to the developer bearer, a collection compartment, a pre-regulation portion adjacent to and upstream from the developer regulator in the rotational direction of the developer bearer, and a developer mobility adjuster that makes mobility of the developer in the pre-regulation portion higher on an upstream side in a developer conveyance direction in the supply compartment.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer carrier, a supply compartment having a downstream end portion positioned outside the development area in the axial direction of the developer carrier, a collection compartment disposed lower than the supply compartment, first and second communication ports respectively formed in the downstream end portion and an upstream end portion of the supply compartment, a developer circulation unit including first and second developer conveyance members respectively provided in the supply compartment and the collection compartment, a toner supply port formed in an upper portion of the downstream end portion of the supply compartment, and an airflow path limiter provided in the downstream end portion of the supply compartment, closer to the development area than the toner supply port in the axial direction of the developer carrier, to restrict an airflow path above the developer in the downstream end portion of the supply compartment.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer container internally divided by a partition into a supply path and a recovery path, a developer bearing member, a supply conveyance member to apply force to convey developer to a developer retaining space through the supply path, the developer retaining space retaining the developer to be conveyed by the developer bearing member, a recovery conveyance member, a communication pathway provided between the supply path and the developer retaining space, the communication pathway passing the developer from the supply path to the developer retaining space, and a developer softening member to soften the developer that is present above the partition, provided at least one of at a position in the communication pathway and at a position close to the communication pathway.

Abstract: A development device to develop a latent image with two-component developer includes a developer carrier disposed facing the image carrier, to carry the developer, a magnetic field generator disposed inside the developer carrier, to form multiple magnetic poles around the developer carrier, an interior wall dividing the interior of the development device into a first transport chamber and a second transport chamber parallel to the first transport chamber, a first transport member disposed in the first transport chamber, facing the developer carrier, to supply the developer to the developer carrier while transporting the developer longitudinally, a second transport member disposed in the second transport chamber, facing the developer carrier, to transport the developer separated from the developer carrier longitudinally, a partition disposed between the developer carrier and the second transport member to prevent resupply of the used developer in the second transport chamber from to the developer carrier.

Abstract: A development device includes a developer containing part containing two-component developer, a cylindrical developer carrier to carry by rotation the developer to a development range, a first developer transport member disposed in the developer containing part, to supply the developer to the developer carrier while transporting the developer in an axial direction of the developer carrier, and a magnetic field generator disposed inside the developer carrier, having three developer-carrying magnetic poles, consisting of a development pole to generate a first magnetic field in the development range, a pre-development pole to generate a second magnetic field to transport the developer supplied from the developer containing part to the development range, and a post-development pole to generate a third magnetic field disposed between the first magnetic field and the second magnetic field, to transport the developer to a release position where the developer is separated from the developer carrier.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a surveillance camera apparatus, comprising: a housing assembly having a slanted plate portion with an inner surface; and a camera assembly accommodated in said housing assembly, said slanted plate portion forming part of said housing assembly defining an opening therein, said opening having a central axis thereof, said opening having an imaginary inner surface flush with said inner surface of said slanted plate portion forming part of said housing assembly, and said imaginary inner surface of said opening having the shape of a circle, said camera assembly, including: a stationary member; a pan shaft having a pan axis thereof, said pan shaft being supported by said stationary member to be revolvable around said pan axis; a retaining member integrally formed with said pan shaft; a tilt shaft having a tilt axis thereof, said tilt shaft being retained by said retaining member to be revolvable around said tilt axis under the state that said tilt axis of said tilt shaft is in perpendicular rela

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a reference-pattern detecting transfer-body, a reference-pattern detecting unit, and a condition changing unit. The reference-pattern detecting transfer-body directly transfers a reference pattern image formed on an intermediate transfer body without a recording material. The reference-pattern detecting unit detects an optical reference pattern with respect to the image transferred onto the reference-pattern detecting transfer-body. The condition changing unit changes the image forming conditions based on a result of detection.

Abstract: A first carrying member supplies a developer to a developer carrier at the position of a developer attracting magnetic pole H4 while longitudinally carrying the developer, and a second carrying member carries the developer released from the developer carrier at the position of a developer releasing magnetic pole H3. The developer carrier 13a has two magnetic poles H2 and H4 of the same polarity sandwiching the developer releasing magnetic pole H3. Moreover, the developer releasing magnetic pole H3 is formed by the two magnetic poles H2 and H4 so that the polarity of the developer releasing magnetic pole H3 differs from the polarity of the two magnetic poles H2 and H4.