Abstract: An image sensing device is improved by an optical shield having a multi-aperture to provide high signal to noise ratio. The improved optical shield is provided with a plurality of shield elements forming a grid-like or cellular structure. With such a structure, the solid angle of the field of view for each sensing element becomes almost the same, resulting in the reduction of "shading". The distance between the heat shield and the array can be reduced, resulting in miniaturization of the device. Each sensing element is not shielded individually, so the pitch of the shield elements can be larger than that of the sensing elements, which allows easier and less costly fabrication of the shield.

Abstract: A new type flat panel display device has the structure combining a plurality of solid state display modules corresponding to character blocks. Each module is assembled using, as the basic element, a semiconductor substrate integrating circuit elements for driving and circuits for addressing, and moreover, it is provided with a memory element for a selection signal in view of making possible access to each module.