Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has an average aspect ratio of 31 or more, when the average aspect ratio is determined from cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes an image bearer, a charger to charge the image bearer, a latent image forming device to form an electrostatic latent image on the image bearer, a developing device to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner, a transfer device to transfer the toner image onto a transfer medium, and a cleaning blade to remove residual toner particles remaining on the image bearer. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has a longest length Lmax in the toner, which is equal to or greater than 1.1 times a maximum Feret diameter Df of the toner. The cleaning blade includes a strip-like elastic body blade having a contact part with the image bearer. The contact part includes a cured product of an ultraviolet curable composition including an acrylate or methacrylate compound having an alicyclic structure.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequation: 0.45?(S1/S2)?1.00 wherein S1 and S2 represent areas of quadrangles circumscribing the release agent and the toner, respectively, in a cross-sectional image of the toner obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided which includes an image bearer, a charger to charge the image bearer, a latent image forming device to form an electrostatic latent image on the image bearer, a developing device to develop the electrostatic latent image with a toner, a transfer device to transfer the toner image onto a transfer medium, and a cleaning blade to remove residual toner particles remaining on the image bearer. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has a longest length Lmax in the toner, which is equal to or greater than 1.1 times a maximum Feret diameter Df of the toner. The cleaning blade includes a strip-like elastic body blade having a contact part with the image bearer. The contact part includes a cured product of an ultraviolet curable composition including an acrylate or methacrylate compound having an alicyclic structure.

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin and a release agent, wherein the toner has a second peak particle diameter in a range of from 1.21 times through 1.31 times as large as a most frequent diameter in a volume basis particle size distribution, and wherein the toner has a particle size distribution (volume average particle diameter/number average particle diameter) in a range of from 1.08 through 1.15.

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline polyester and an amorphous polyester is provided. When the binder resin is extracted from the toner with tetrahydrofuran to obtain an extracted solution, and the extracted solution is heated to remove the tetrahydrofuran and obtain a deposit, the deposit contains spherical domains of the crystalline polyester having an average particle diameter of 7.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a toner obtained by granulating a toner composition in a hydrophobic medium and then drying the granulated product. The toner contains a binder resin. The binder resin includes 2 or more kinds of binder resins having different contact angles (to water). The binder resin having the largest contact angle has a weight average molecular weight of 15,000 or less. The other binder resins have a weight average molecular weight of greater than 15,000.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent and an external additive. The toner has an average circularity of from 0.965 to less than 0.985. The toner has BET specific surface area of less than 1.20 m2/g after liberation treatment of external additive.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The binder resin includes a polyester resin. The toner has a single exothermic peak measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) descending in a temperature range of from 150° C. to 0° C., wherein the exothermic peak is in a temperature range of from 40° C. to 60° C. and has a half bandwidth of at most 10° C. The release agent disperse to network form in the cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin and a release agent is provided. The binder resin includes an amorphous resin and a crystalline resin. In a cross-sectional image of the toner obtained by a transmission electron microscope, a longest length Lmax of the release agent is equal to or greater than 1.1 times a maximum Feret diameter Df of the toner, and the crystalline resin is dispersed in the amorphous resin forming domains having a maximum Feret diameter Cf of 0.20 ?m or less.

Abstract: A particulate material production method is provided. The particulate material production method includes ejecting a particulate material composition liquid, which includes an organic solvent and a particulate material composition including at least a resin and dissolved or dispersed in the organic solvent, from at least one nozzle to form droplets of the particulate material composition liquid in a gas phase; and solidifying the droplets of the particulate material composition liquid to prepare particles of the particulate material composition. The droplet solidifying step includes contacting the droplets with a poor solvent for the particulate material composition.

Abstract: Toner contains a binder resin containing one or more kinds of crystalline resin and one or more kinds of non-crystalline resin. The non-crystalline resin located at the surface portion of the toner forms a shell structure of a continuous phase of the non-crystalline resin and the toner has an amount of melting heat of 30 J/g or more in a second temperature rising as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner including: a binder resin, wherein the binder resin has one glass transition temperature Tg and the glass transition temperature Tg of the binder resin is within 25° C. to 65° C. as measured in second heating with a differential scanning calorimeter at a heating rate of 5° C./min, and wherein a phase image of the binder resin obtained with an atomic force microscope (AFM) of tapping mode contains first phase difference regions and a second phase difference region such that the first phase difference regions are dispersed in the second phase difference region, where the first phase difference regions correspond to greater phase difference regions and the second phase difference region corresponds to a smaller phase difference region when an intermediate value between a maximum value and a minimum value of the phase differences is used as a threshold.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The toner satisfies the following inequation: 0.45?(S1/S2)?1.00 wherein S1 and S2 represent areas of quadrangles circumscribing the release agent and the toner, respectively, in a cross-sectional image of the toner obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: A toner including a crystalline polyester and an amorphous polyester is provided. When the binder resin is extracted from the toner with tetrahydrofuran to obtain an extracted solution, and the extracted solution is heated to remove the tetrahydrofuran and obtain a deposit, the deposit contains spherical domains of the crystalline polyester having an average particle diameter of 7.0 ?m or less.

Abstract: A resin for toner contains a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid skeleton and a rigid skeleton.

Abstract: A resin for use in toner is provided. The resin comprises an oligomer segment and a soft segment. The oligomer segment comprises a polyhydroxycarboxylic skeleton and an aromatic diol skeleton.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes particles each including a binder resin and a release agent. When the toner is analyzed by a flow particle image analyzer while limiting: 1) a particle diameter analysis range to 1.985 (?m)?equivalent circle diameter (number based)<200.0 (?m); 2) a particle shape analysis range to 0.200?circularity?1.000; and 3) the number of limited particles satisfying the conditions 1) and 2) to from 4,800 to 5,200, an average circularity Rave. satisfies an inequation 0.960?Rave.?0.980, a mode particle diameter ?max satisfies an inequation 4.0 (?m)??max?6.0 (?m), and the number of particles having a particle diameter equal to or less than 0.75 times the mode particle diameter ?max and a circularity equal to or more than 0.980 is 1.0% or less of the number of the limited particles.

Abstract: A toner is provided. The toner includes a binder resin and a release agent. The release agent has an average aspect ratio of 31 or more, when the average aspect ratio is determined from cross-sectional images of the toner observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: A toner including a binder resin having a glass transition temperature (Tg) observed at least at one point from 25 to 65° C. in a differential scanning calorimeter at a rate of temperature increase of 5° C./min, wherein the toner has a structure in which a structure appearing as a high phase difference image is dispersed in a structure appearing as a low phase difference image in a two-dimensional phase difference image observed by tapping mode AFM, and an X-ray diffraction chart in which a peak originated from an crystalline resin is observed in a range of a diffraction angle 2? of from 20 to 25°, and wherein a ratio (I1/I2) of an intensity of the peak originated from an crystalline resin to an intensity (I2) of a halo originated from an amorphous composition is from 0.2 to 1.